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Role of negative affects in pathophysiology and clinical expression of irritable bowel syndrome

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7570-7586页

作者： Maria Rosaria A Muscatello Antonio Bruno Giuseppe Scimeca Gianluca Polfo rocco A zoccali Psychiatry Unit Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of Messina98125 MessinaItaly

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is regarded as a multifactorial disease in which alterations in the brain-gut axis signaling play a major *** biopsychosocial model applied to the understanding of IBS pathophysiology assumes that psychosocial factors,interacting with peripheral/central neuroendocrine and immune changes,may induce symptoms of IBS,modulate symptom severity,influence illness experience and quality of life,and affect *** present review focuses on the role of negative affects,including depression,anxiety,and anger,on pathogenesis and clinical expression of *** potential role of the autonomic nervous system,stress-hormone system,and immune system in the pathophysiology of both negative affects and IBS are taken into *** comorbidity and subclinical variations in levels of depression,anxiety,and anger are further discussed in relation to the main pathophysiological and symptomatic correlates of IBS,such as sensorimotor functions,gut microbiota,inflammation/immunity,and symptom reporting.

关键词： Depression Anxiety Anger Mood disorders Irritable bowel syndrome Neuroticism Stress Brain-gut axis Microbiota Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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Personality traits and emotional patterns in irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6402-6415页

作者： Maria Rosaria A Muscatello Antonio Bruno Carmela Mento Gianluca Pandolfo rocco A zoccali Psychiatry Unit Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging University of Messina

The review focuses on those personality traits(neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), constructs(alexithymia and distressed- Type D personality) and emotional patterns(negative and positive) that are of particular concern in health psychology, with the aim to highlight their potential role on the pathogenesis, onset, symptom clusters, clinical course, and outcome of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Personality traits and emotional patterns play key roles in affecting autonomic, immune, inflammatory, and endocrine functions, thus contributing not only to IBS clinical expression and symptomatic burden, but also to disease physiopathology. In this sense, psychological treatments should address those personality traits and emotional features that are constitutive of, and integral to IBS. The biopsychosocial model of illness applied to IBS acknowledges the interaction between biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors in relation to pain and functional disability. A holistic approach to IBS should take into account the heterogeneous nature of the disorder, and differentiate treatments for different types of IBS, also considering the marked individual differences in prevalent personality traits and emotional patterns. Beyond medications, and lifestyle/dietary interventions, psychological and educational treatments may provide the optimal chance of addressing clinical symptoms, comorbid conditions, and quality of life in IBS patients.

关键词： Alexithymia Depression Anxiety Anger Conscientiousness Irritable bowel syndrome Emotions Personality Neuroticism Extraversion

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Dental anxiety, psychiatry and dental treatment: How are they linked?

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第1期3卷 168-172页

作者： Salvatore Settineri Domenico Mallamace Maria Rosaria A. Muscatello rocco zoccali Carmela Mento Department of Human and Social Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy Department of Neurosciences University of Messina Messina Italy

Background: The autonomy of dental anxiety may be compared with other psychopathologies, however, it is classified as indicative of a specific phobia. It is interesting to know how dental anxiety operates within a wider context. Material and Method: The group was made by 514 subjects, recruited from several dental surgeries. The entire process, consisted in self-compilation of the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). The software used for statistical calculations was the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The chi-square test was used for the distribution of the nominal variables. Results: The analysis of data revealed a significantly different distribution between high and low levels of dental anxiety and comorbidity in relation to only one diagnostic category, namely mood disorders. Dental fears and comorbidity were mostly in line with our expectations, except about fear of needles with eating disorders. Dental anxiety is to be considered as a dimension on a par with other psychopathologies. Conclusions: The study of comorbidity between mood disorders and dental anxiety, suggests that dental anxiety rather than belonging to the family of anxiety disorders would be better classified along with mood disorders. The findings regarding emotional inducers (fears) in relation to the distribution of psychopathology are worth noting. The above observations reaffirm the need to form links between dentistry and psychiatry.

关键词： Dental Anxiety Fears Psychiatric Comorbidity

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Self-worth and psychological adjustment of obese children:An analysis through the Draw-A-Person

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第3期6卷 329-338页

作者： Giuseppe Scimeca Amelia Alborghetti Antonio Bruno Giulia Maria Troili Gianluca Pandolfo Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello rocco Antonio zoccali Psychiatric Unit Department of BiomedicalDental Sciences and Morpho-functional ImagingUniversity of Messina "Don Carlo Gnocchi" Foundation

AIM To investigate psychopathological correlates of child obesity via the Draw-A-Person test(DAP).METHODS The participants were 50 children with a mean age of 9.74 *** mass index(BMI) was used as a measure of body *** were divided into normal(n = 17),overweight(n = 14) and obese(n = 19).Two qualitative methods of scoring the DAP based on an integrative approach were used to assess self-concept(ESW) and overall level of children's adjustment(EAC).A procedure for judging interpretative skills of clinicians was implemented before they evaluated children's *** As predicted by our hypothesis,BMI was negatively correlated with ESW,r(50) =-0.29,P < 0.05,but not with EAC,r(50) =-0.08,P = *** evaluate the effect of gender,Pearson correlations were re-computedregrouping the sample accordingly:BMI and EAC reached a significant negative correlation in female subjects,r(24) =-0.36,P < 0.05,and a positive correlation in male subjects,r(26) = 0.37,P = < 0.05;negative correlation between BMI and ESW became stronger in females,r(24) =-0.51,P < 0.01 but not in males,whose correlation disappeared resulting not-significant,r(26) =-0.06,P = *** effect of age was *** indicate that obesity has a negative correlation exclusively on overall adjustment and self-concept in female *** It was concluded that there is a negative bias toward females that reveals how the stigma of obesity is widespread in Western society.

关键词： Obesity Draw a person Draw-A-Person test Projective techniques Psychopathology

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