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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 354-371页

作者： Nicole M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar David C. hooker Darren E. robinson Peter h. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Tolpyralate is a new benzoylpyrazole herbicide for weed management in corn. It is recommended to be co-applied with atrazine along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil concentrate (MSO) plus an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Two studies were conducted on glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane and GR waterhemp to determine if an additional adjuvant is still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine are tankmixed with a commercial glyphosate formulation (Roundup WeatherMAX®) in corn. Trials were conducted over a two-year period (2018-19) on farms in south western Ontario with confirmed GR populations. When co-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, the addition of MSO to tolpyralate + atrazine increased control of GR waterhemp 9%;however, there was no increase in GR Canada fleabane control from the addition of additional adjuvants. At 8 WAA, all treatments provided > 91% and > 84% control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane, respectively. This study concludes that the addition of Roundup WeatherMAX®to tolpyralate plus atrazine improves the control of GR waterhemp and GR Canada fleabane in corn.

关键词： Biomass Crop Injury Density Sensitivity Weed Control Yield Amaranthus tuberculatus Conyza canadensis L. Cronq

Tolpyralate + Atrazine Applied Preemergence Provides Residual GR Canada Fleabane [Conyza canadensis(L.) Cronq.] Control Similar to Current Industry Standards

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第4期11卷 417-424页

作者： Nicole M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar David C. hooker Darren E. robinson Peter h. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada ISK Biosciences Inc. Concord OH USA

Tolpyralate is a benzoylpyrazole, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, and a herbicide registered for use in corn. The efficacy of tolpyralate plus atrazine to provide full-season residual control of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane in corn is not known under Ontario environmental conditions. Five field trials were completed over a two-year period (2018-19) in south-western Ontario on farms with confirmed GR Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] populations to determine if tolpyralate + atrazine provides full-season residual control of GR Canada fleabane in corn. Corn injury was less than 10% with all treatments. At 4 weeks after application (WAA), tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1), and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 64, 78 and 72%, respectively. A tank mix of tolpyralate + atrazine at both rates improved GR Canada fleabane control to 94%. Saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine, and dicamba/atrazine controlled GR Canada fleabane 99, 95 and 92%, respectively. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 83, 88, and 83%, respectively (Table 2). The tank mixes of tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) and tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) controlled GR Canada fleabane 94, and 97%, respectively, 8 WAA which was similar to saflufenacil/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine and dicamba/atrazine. There was no treatment difference for corn yield. Based on these results, tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1), tolpyralate (30 g·ha−1) + atrazine and tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1) + atrazine, applied PRE, provided similar control of GR Canada fleabane as current indu

关键词： Crop Injury Density Efficacy Glyphosate-Resistant horseweed Marestail Residual Weed Control Sensitivity Weed Control g·ai·ha-1

Enhanced and tunable fluorescent quantum dots within a single crystal of protein

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Nano Research 2013年第9期6卷 627-634页

作者： hui Wei Stephen house Jiangjiexing Wu Jiong Zhang Zidong Wang Ying he Elizabeth J. Gao Yigui Gao howard robinson Wei Li Jianmin Zuo lan M. Robertson Yi Lu Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois 61801 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois 61801 USA Key Laboratory for Green Chemical TechnologyMOE Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China George L. Clark X-Ray Facility and 3M Materials Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA Department of Biology Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA

The design and synthesis of bio-nano hybrid materials can not only provide new materials with novel properties, but also advance our fundamental understanding of interactions between biomolecules and their abiotic counterparts. here, we report a new approach to achieving such a goal by growing CdS quantum dots （QDs） within single crystals of lysozyme protein. This bio-nano hybrid emitted much stronger red fluorescence than its counterpart without the crystal, and such fluorescence properties could be either enhanced or suppressed by the addition of Ag（I） or hg（II）, respectively. The three-dimensional incorporation of CdS QDs within the lysozyme crystals was revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron tomography. More importantl~ since our approach did not disrupt the crystalline nature of the lysozyme crystals, the metal and protein interactions were able to be studied by X-ray crystallography, thus providing insight into the role of Cd（II） in the CdS QDs formation.

关键词： functionalbio-nanomaterials quantum dots protein single crystals X-ray crystallography tomography

Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed(Ambrosia trifida L.)in Ontario:Dose Response and Control with Postemergence herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 608-617页

作者： Joseph P.Vink Nader Soltani Darren E.robinson Francois J.Tardif Mark B.Lawton Peter h.Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown CampusRidgetownCanada University of Guelph GuelphCanada Monsanto Canada GuelphCanada

Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) is competitive with agronomic crops and can cause significant yield losses. Rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops and a concomitant increase in the reliance on glyphosate for weed management has led to the evolution of GR giant ragweed in Ontario, Canada. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the level of resistance in giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemer-gence (POST) herbicides in soybean (Glycine max L.). The effective dose (ED) to provide 50%, 80% and 95% giant ragweed control was up to 1658, 9991 and >43200 g?a.e.?ha–1 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. For effective control, growers would need to apply glyphosate 18 times greater than the recommended field application dose. Glyphosate applied at the recommended field dose of 900 g?a.e.?ha–1 provided up to 57% control and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedy check. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST provided up to 99% control, reduced giant ragweed density 98%, reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 99% and resulted in soybean yield equivalent to the weedfree check. Chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, imazethapyr and imazethapyr plus bentazon applied alone or with glyphosate did not provide adequate control of GR giant ragweed. Based on these results, some GR giant ragweed biotypes from Ontario have evolved a high level of resistance to glyphosate. Cloransulam-methyl applied POST was the only herbicide that provided adequate control and suggests that additional weed management tactics will need to be implemented in order to effectively manage GR giant ragweed.

关键词： Bentazon Chlorimuron-Ethyl Cloransulam-Methyl Fomesafen Glyphosate-Resistant Crops herbicide-Resistant Weeds Imazethapyr Soybean

Imaging atomic-scale chemistry from fused multi-modal electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 164-171页

作者： Jonathan Schwartz Zichao Wendy Di Yi Jiang Alyssa J.Fielitz Don-hyung ha Sanjaya D.Perera Ismail El Baggari Richard D.robinson Jeffrey A.Fessler Colin Ophus Steve Rozeveld Robert hovden Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMIUSA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA The Rowland Institute at harvard CambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular FoundryBerkeleyCAUSA Applied Physics Program University of MIchiganAnn ArborMIUnited States

Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic ***,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(hAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector *** many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of *** high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.

关键词： materials chemistry fused

Control of Glyphosate and Acetolactate Synthase Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Soybean (Glycine max L.) with Preplant herbicides

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第26期5卷 3934-3942页

作者： Annemarie C. Van Wely Nader Soltani Darren E. robinson David C. hooker Mark B. Lawton Peter h. Sikkema University of Guelph (Ridgetown Campus) Ridgetown Canada Monsanto Canada Guelph Canada

A population of common ragweed in Ontario was confirmed to be resistant to glyphosate in 2011. Group 2 [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] resistant common ragweed was first confirmed in Ontario in 2000. Previously, glyphosate provided excellent control of common ragweed in glyphosate resistant soybean but with the confirmation of glyphosate resistant (GR) common ragweed, alternative herbicides need to be evaluated. Eight field trials with preplant herbicides were completed over two years (2013 and 2014) in fields with confirmed GR common ragweed. Tank-mixes of glyphosate and linuron or metribuzin provided 88% - 99% and 86% - 98% control 4 weeks after application (WAA) and 80% - 92% and 80% - 95% control 8 WAA, respectively. however, these herbicides also had among the highest environmental impact of the herbicides tested. Based on the results of these studies, GR common ragweed can be controlled with residual herbicides when applied preemergence in soybean. Currently, there are no post emergence herbicides that provide adequate control of GR common ragweed, therefore, preemergence herbicides with residual are essential for full season control.

关键词： Glyphosate Resistance Multiple herbicide-Resistant Weeds Preplant herbicides Preemergence herbicides

Spions Increase Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 508-518页

作者： Carl haney John J. Rowe Jayne B. robinson Department of Biology University of Dayton Dayton USA

Limited research has suggested iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNP) have an inhibitory effect against several different genera of bacteria: Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. In this study we looked at the effect of three different sets of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FeNPs) on the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. Two of the tested NPs were SPIONs (Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles). Exposure of cells to the SPIONs at concentrations up to 200 μg/ml resulted in an increase in biofilm biomass by 16 h under static conditions and a corresponding increase in cell density in the bulk liquid. In contrast, these biofilms had decreased levels of extracellular DNA (eDNA). Fe(II) levels in the supernatants of biofilms formed in the presence of FeNPs exceeded 100 μM compared with 20 μM in control media without cells. Spent cell supernatants had little effect on Fe(II) levels. Cells also had an effect on the aggregation behavior of these nanoparticles. SPIONs incubated with cells exhibited a decrease in the number and size of FeNP aggregates visible using light microscopy. SPIONs resuspended in fresh media or spent culture supernatants formed large aggregates visible in the light microscope upon exposure to a supermagnet;and could be pelleted magnetically in microtitre plate wells. In contrast, SPION FeNPs incubated with cells were unaffected by exposure to the supermagnet and could not be pelleted. The results of this study indicate a need to reconsider the effects of FeNPs on bacterial growth and biofilm formation and the effect the bacterial cells may have on the use and recovery of SPIONs.

关键词： Spion Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Biofilms Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Magnetism Nanotechnology

Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第22期14卷 3476-3483页

作者： Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-robinson Division of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Imaging Sciences Depart-ment Division of Clinical Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road London W12 OHS United Kingdom

hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. however, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1h MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1h MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IhCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions.

关键词： Adipose tissue Ectopic fat hepatic fat Insulin resistance Ultrasound Computerised tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

镍超积累植物布氏香芥——一种镍的植物补救和植物潜在采矿介质

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国外地质勘探技术 1999年第1期 15-20页

作者： B.h.robinson A.Chiarucci R.R.Brooks 胡西顺

在意大利进行了关于超积累植物布氏香芥(Alyssum bertoloonii)对超镁质土壤中镍的植物潜在采矿作用的实验。在托斯卡钠区穆洛(Murlo)特定的现场实验小区,在两年内以不同的方式施肥。最优化的化肥处理方式(N+K+P)使可再生产的生物量增加... 详细信息

在意大利进行了关于超积累植物布氏香芥(Alyssum bertoloonii)对超镁质土壤中镍的植物潜在采矿作用的实验。在托斯卡钠区穆洛(Murlo)特定的现场实验小区,在两年内以不同的方式施肥。最优化的化肥处理方式(N+K+P)使可再生产的生物量增加了两倍,增至9.0t/ha(吨/公顷),未施肥时的镍含量没有稀释。于物质中0.8%(灰分中11%)的镍含量在不需重播而收获的情况下将会产生72kg/ha的镍含量。植物的年龄和它的镍含量之间没有相关性。土壤长期收获的供养能力用ph值为2,4,6的Kh phthalate溶液的有序浸出来模拟,其显示出768μg/g的极限有效镍含量。于是在根际ph值为6时仅仅七次以上收获才会降低有效Ni场30%。关于植物采矿的一个推荐模式包括12个月后收获这个收成和焚烧这些物质来生产出无硫的生物矿(含大约11%的Ni)。燃烧能量的利用也被讨论。本文认为布氏香芥或香芥属的其它种可用于地中海地区,包括安纳托利亚高原,还有澳大利亚西部和美国西部的植物采矿。植物采矿的经济限度被提出,并且按照现行的国际价格,这项技术在至少有和香芥属相同生物量的植物中仅仅对Ni和Co是可行的。具有较高生物量和类似对Ni吸收潜力的植物能够把界限扩展到其它元素。

关键词：镍超积累植物布氏香芥土壤污染采矿介质

Weed Control, Environmental Impact, and Net-Profit of Two-Pass Weed Management Strategies in Dicamba-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max) Using Conventional Tillage

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3414-3428页

作者： Matthew G. Underwood Nader Soltan David C. hooker Darren E. robinson Joseph P. Vink Clarence J. Swanton Peter h. Sikkema Department of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada

Traditional two-pass weed management strategies need to be compared with new strategies in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean. Weed control, soybean yield, partial profitability and environmental impact (EI) were evaluated in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean using dicamba applied alone or in a tank-mix with dimethenamid-P applied preemergence (PRE). Trials were conducted at three locations during 2014 and 2015. Several PRE herbicides provided excellent control of broadleaf and grass weeds. Dicamba provided > 91% control of broadleaf weeds, and the addition of dimethenamid-P improved grass control. All weed species at the trial locations were controlled > 94% following a postemergence (POST) application of glyphosate. Weed interference reduced soybean seed yield 33% where no herbicide was applied. A single POST application of glyphosate had the lowest EI. Several treatments improved early-season weed control and reduced early-season weed density and biomass compared to glyphosate and had similar EI values. In this study, there was no benefit to yield or partial profit by including a PRE herbicide for weed management;however, the inclusion of multiple modes-of-action in a herbicide program may reduce the selection for herbicide-resistant weeds.

关键词： Density Environmental Impact Injury Profit Analysis Tillage Yield Weed Control