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AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON MULTIPLE REGIMES OF BAROCLINIC FLOW

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Science China Chemistry 1987年第1期30卷 83-95页

作者：李国庆,robin KUNG,RICHARDL.PFEFFER Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Florida State University and FAMU/FSU College of Engineering. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute and Meteorology Department of Florida State University.

A rotating annulus experiment is used to study the large scale motion in the thermally-driven baroclinic fluid in the presence of a two ridge sinusoidal topography around the annu-lus. The fundamental effect the topography exerts on the large scale motion in the baroclinicfluid is to modulate the flow and thus to make the flow uneven both in time and in *** most important paramenter which dominates the flow regime in the fluid is the Rossbynumber. When the imposed Rossby number is very small （R_o≤0.06） or the imposed tem-perature difference between the walls of the annulus is very small （△T<0.5℃） the flowpattern is wave-like steady flow. When the Rossby number increases （0.06≤R_o≤0.2） theflow pattern becomes travelling waves with strong vacillation due to the topographic *** flow possesses at least two primary regimes, one is zonal regime and the other is meri-dional. The vacillation weakens with increasing Rossby number. When the Rossby numberis large or very large （R_o≥2.0） the fast

关键词： AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON MULTIPLE REGIMES OF BAROCLINIC FLOW

Effects of daughter tiller removal on shoot and root growth of the parent tiller in Lolium perenne

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 103-110页

作者： Arif Hasan Khan robin Cory Matthew The School of Agriculture and Environment College of SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh

Background:This study investigated the effects of daughter tiller removal on parent tiller development in Lolium ***:Plants of *** were grown hydroponically to allow separation of roots by phytomer position on the tiller axis and allowed to form two daughter *** Experiment 1,adult daughter tillers were excised and effects on subsequent main tiller growth were observed for 16 days,on *** Experiment 2,the growth of main tillers with or without daughter tillers was compared over 90–100 *** cultivars,‘Alto’bred from New Zealand germplasm and‘Aberdart’bred from United Kingdom germplasm were ***:Excision of adult daughter tillers reduced the dry weight of older roots at the base of parent tiller axes and accelerated new phytomer *** tillers from forming daughter tillers by new tiller excision resulted in increased individual leaf and root dry weight in tillers without daughter ***:The data indicated that daughter tillers contributed substrate for root development of their parent *** presence of daughter tillers reduced the size of their main tiller but greatly enhanced whole plant yield.

关键词： daughter tiller dry weight main tiller perennial ryegrass phytomer

Assessment of an Evapotranspiration Deficit Drought Index in Relation to Impacts on Ecosystems

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第11期36卷 1273-1287页

作者： Xia ZHANG Mingxing LI Zhuguo MA Qing YANG Meixia LV robin Clark Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 1 3PB UK

Ecosystems have increasingly been subject to the challenge of heavy drought under global warming. To quantitatively evaluate the impacts of drought on ecosystems, it is necessary to develop a drought index that can sensitively depict the response of vegetation to drought evolution at a biological time scale. For the ability of direct connection between climate and ecosystem by deficit of evapotranspiration, in the present study, a drought index was defined based on standardized evapotranspiration deficit (SEDI), according to the difference between actual and potential evapotranspiration, to meet the need for highlighting drought impacts on ecological processes. Comparisons with traditional indices show that SEDI can reasonably detect droughts and climatic dry and wet transitions, especially at a monthly time scale, and can also regenerate long-term trends. Moreover, SEDI can more sensitively capture the biological changes of ecosystems in response to the dynamics of drought intensity, compared with the indices of precipitation and temperature. SEDI is more practical than the precipitation and temperature indices to highlight signals of biological effects in climate droughts. Hence, it has potential for use in assessments of climate change and its impact on ecosystems.

关键词： evapotranspiration drought index vegetation ecosystem leaf area index climate change

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Adding memory to pressure-sensitive phosphors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 1-10页

作者： robin R.Petit Simon E.Michels Ang Feng Philippe F.Smet LumiLab Department of Solid State SciencesGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281-S19000 GentBelgium

Mechanoluminescence(ML)is the phenomenon describing the emission of light during mechanical action on a solid,leading to applications such as pressure sensing,damage detection and visualization of stress *** most cases,this mechanical action releases energy that was previously stored in the crystal lattice of the phosphor by means of trapped charge carriers.A drawback is the need to record the ML emission during a pressure *** this work,we provide a method for adding a memory function to these pressure-sensitive phosphors,allowing an optical readout of the location and intensity of a pressure event in excess of 72 h after the *** is achieved in the BaSi_(2)O_(2)N_(2):Eu^(2+) phosphor,where a broad trap depth distribution essential for the process is *** merging optically stimulated luminescence(OSL),thermoluminescence(TL)and ML measurements,the influence of light,heat and pressure on the trap depth distribution is carefully *** analysis demonstrates that mechanical action can not only lead to direct light emission but also to a reshuffling of trap *** memory effect not only is expected to lead to new pressure sensing applications but also offers an approach to study charge carrier transitions in energy storage phosphors.

关键词： luminescence occupation adding

Aid effectiveness and programmatic effectiveness:a proposed framework for comparative evaluation of different aid interventions in a particular health system

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 285-291页

作者： Hasibul Haque Philip CHill robin Gauld Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Centre for International Health University of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Dean’s Office School of BusinessUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand

Background:Against a backdrop of changing concepts of aid effectiveness,development effectiveness,health systems strengthening,and increasing emphasis on impact evaluation,this article proposes a theory-driven impact evaluation framework to gauge the effect of aid effectiveness principles on programmatic outcomes of different aid funded programs in the health sector of a particular ***:The foundation and step-by-step process of implementing the framework are ***:With empirical evidence from the field,the steps involve analysis of context,program designs,implementation mechanisms,outcomes,synthesis,and interpretation of findings through the programs’underlying program theories and interactions with the state context and health ***:The framework can be useful for comparatively evaluating different aid interventions both in fragile and non-fragile state contexts.

关键词： Paris principles Aid effectiveness Impact evaluation Development effectiveness Health systems strengthening Fragile states Realist evaluation

Color and behavior differently predict competitive outcomes for divergent stickleback color morphs

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 115-123页

作者： robin M. TINGHITELLA Whitley R. LEHTO V. Faith LIERHEIMER Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver 2199 S. University Blvd Denver CO 80208 USA

Our knowledge of how male competition contributes to speciation is dominated by investigations of competition between within-species morphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season （e.g. color, song）. In such studies, it is important to consider the manner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcome of competitive interactions within and between types because these traits can communicate information about competitor quality and may not be utilized by homotypic and heterotypic receivers in the same way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in competition within and between two divergent threes- pine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus color types. Our previous work in this system showed that the switch from red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in male competition biases. Here, we find that red and black males also use different currencies in competition. Winners of both color types performed more aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the competitor was of the same or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted competitive outcomes for red and black males. Males who were redder at the start of competition were more likely to win when paired with homotypic competitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic competitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to competitive outcomes. Placing questions about the role of male competition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution framework may provide insight into the ＂why and how＂ of aggression biases and asymmetries in competitive ability between closely related morphs and species.

关键词： male competition speciation sexual signal color threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus

Small bowel obstruction caused by a bezoar following an adult simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第18期8卷 4109-4113页

作者： Gilbert Pan robin D Kim Jeffrey Campsen George Rofaiel Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation and Advanced Hepatobiliary SurgeryUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt LakeUT 84132United States

BACKGROUND Small bowel obstructions(SBOs)are common following a large intra-abdominal operation;however,SBOs caused by bezoars are unreported in patients following liver-kidney transplantation procedures,particularly in *** SUMMARY A 65-year-old Caucasian female presented with nausea and nonbilious emesis during her postoperative course following a simultaneous liver-kidney *** developed worsening nausea and vomiting with significant abdominal distension and *** tomography imaging showed a marked abnormal dilation of multiple small bowel loops with a distinct transition point that was suggestive of a small bowel *** exploratory laparotomy revealed a foreign body in the intestinal track approximately 30 cm from the ileocecal *** foreign body was extracted and identified as a bezoar with hair follicles and old digestive *** the operation,the patient demonstrated rapid clinical improvement with resolution of nausea,emesis,and progress in bowel *** SBOs caused by bezoars can occur immediately following a liver-kidney transplantation and should not be discounted as a diagnosis.

关键词： Case report Liver transplantation Liver-kidney transplantation Small bowel obstruction Post-transplant complications Transplantation

Surface Acoustic Wave Device with Reduced Insertion Loss by Electrospinning P(VDF–TrFE)/ZnO Nanocomposites

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第3期8卷 282-290页

作者： robin Augustine Frederic Sarry Nandakumar Kalarikkal Sabu Thomas Laurent Badie Didier Rouxel International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Institut Jean Lamour Universiéde Lorraine CNRS School of Pure and Applied Physics Mahatma Gandhi University School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University

Surface acoustic wave(SAW) devices have been utilized for the sensing of chemical and biological phenomena in microscale for the past few decades. In this study, SAW device was fabricated by electrospinning poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF-TrFE)) incorporated with zinc oxide(ZnO) nanoparticles over the delay line area of the SAW device. The morphology, composition, and crystallinity of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO nanocomposites were investigated. After measurement of SAW frequency response, it was found that the insertion loss of the SAW devices incorporated with ZnO nanoparticles was much less than that of the neat polymer-deposited device. The fabricated device was expected to be used in acoustic biosensors to detect and quantify the cell proliferation in cell culture systems.

关键词： Surface acoustic wave SAW P(VDF-TrFE) ZnO Biosensor

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Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： robin A.J.Taylor Jaehak Jeong Michael White Jeffrey G.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIC SWAT