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Exercise attenuates bone mineral density loss during diet-induced weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 550-559页

作者： Jakub mesinovic Paul Jansons Ayse Zengin Barbora de Courten Alexander J.Rodriguez robin m.Daly Peter R.Ebeling David Scott Department of medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVIA 3168Australia Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition(IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVIA 2134Australia School of medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWA 6027Australia Department of medicine and Australian Institute of musculoskeletal Science Melbourne Medical SchoolWestern CampusUniversity of MelbourneSt AlbansVIA 3021Australia

Background:Weight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity;however,weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture ***-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with *** aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density(BmD)in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with ***:We included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in adults with overweight or obesity(aged-18 years;body mass index-25 kg/m^(2))that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise,and measured any bone structural *** of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias ***-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences(95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))in the percentage of areal BmD(aBmD)change between ***:We included 9 ***-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBmD(mean change:-1.73%(95%CI:-2.39%to-1.07%),pmD(-2.19%(95%CI:-3.84%to-0.54%),p=0.009).Femoral neck aBmD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group(net difference:-0.88%(95%CI:-1.73%to-0.03%));however,there were no differences in aBmD changes at any other skeletal site:total hip(-1.96%(95%CI:-4.59%to 0.68%))and lumbar spine(-0.48%(95%CI:-1.81%to 0.86%)).aBmD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality(resistance exercise,aerobic exercise,or a combination of the two)during diet-induced weight ***:Diet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus *** loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight *** lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities

关键词： Bone mass Exercise Obesity Overweight Weight loss

Reactivity of N-cyanoalkyl-substituted imidazolium halide salts by simple elution through an azide anion exchange resin

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1683-1687页

作者： DRAB David m. KELLEY Steven P. SHAmSHINA Julia L. SmIGLAK marcin COJOCARU O. Andreea GURAU Gabriela ROGERS robin D. Center for Green manufacturing and Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Certain N-cyanoalkyl-functionalized imidazolium halide salts unexpectedly undergo nitrile hydrolysis to amides, as well as dipolar cycloaddition to tetrazoles when eluted on azide anion exchanged resin.

关键词： multi-heterocycles ionic liquids azide exchange column nitrile cycloaddition tetrazoles imidazolium halide

Immature and mature antibodies as defenders against cancer

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 3-5页

作者： robin V.Lacombe Sophie Sibéril Jordan D.Dimitrov Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéParis CitéParisFrance

Antibodies(Abs)are glycoprotein molecules that represent an essential component of the adaptative immune *** are secreted in body fluids and act as a critical part of immune *** recognition of self-antigens by Abs is normally selected against during B-cell development,autoreactive Abs can be generated as a result of pathological immune responses,as observed in autoimmune *** can also be produced in cancer patients,where they may have beneficial roles[1].Indeed,the presence of intratumoral antibody-secreting cells(ASCs)and B-cell-rich tertiary lymphoid structures(TLSs)has been observed in many cancer types and generally correlates with a favorable clinical prognosis[2,3,4,5,6].The existence of specific antitumor antibody responses suggests that tumor cells express molecules that are recognized as nonself antigens by the immune system or that tolerance of self-antigens expressed on cancer cells is lost[1,4].The study of the origin of tumor-reactive Abs and their specificity and functions is of paramount importance for understanding the development of adaptive antitumor immune responses and for revealing novel therapeutic avenues.A recent publication in Cell by mazor et al.[7]has provided an important advance in our understanding of antibody responses in *** particular,this work paves the way for the distinction between antibody-reactive tumors and antibody-nonreactive tumors,which is reminiscent of the dichotomy of the noninfiltrated“cold”tumor microenvironment(TmE)in contrast with the highly infiltrated with immune cells“hot”TmE[8].moreover,an important finding of the study was the demonstration that tumor-directed autoreactivity may be either preexisting or induced by somatic hypermutations,a mechanism related to the chronicity of cancer.

关键词： cancer antibodies specificity

Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-a is associated with advanced colorectal cancer stages

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18390-18396页

作者： Omar A Al Obeed Khayal A Alkhayal Abdulmalik Al Sheikh Ahmad m Zubaidi mansoor-Ali Vaali-mohammed robin Boushey James H mckerrow maha-Hamadien Abdulla Colorectal Research Center Department of Surgery King Saud University Riyadh 11472 Saudi Arabia Department of Pathology King Saud University Riyadh 11472 Saudi Arabia Division of General Surgery Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L6 Canada Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158-2330 United States

AIm:To detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells among Saudi patients,and correlate its expression with clinical stages of ***:Archival tissue specimens were collected from 30 patients with CRC who had undergone surgical intervention at King Khalid University *** demographic information,including age and gender,tumor sites,and histological type of CRC,was *** measure TNF-a m RNA expression in CRC,total RNA was extracted from tumor formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded,and adjacent normal *** transcription and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were *** tissue microarrays were constructed to investigate the protein expression of TNF-a by ***:The relative expression of TNF-a m RNA in colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that seen in adjacent normal colorectal *** TNF-a gene expression was associated with StageⅢandⅣneoplasms when compared with earlier tumor stages(P=0.004).Eighty-three percent of patients(25/30)showed strong TNF-a positive staining,while only 10%(n=3/30)of patients showed weak staining,and 7%(n=2/30)were *** showed the presence of elevated TNF-a gene expression in cancer cells,which strongly correlated with advanced stages of ***:High levels of TNF-a expression could be an independent diagnostic indicator of colorectal cancer,and targeting TNF-a might be a promising prognostic tool by assessment of the clinical stages of CRC.

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor-a Colorectal cancer Real time polymerase chain reaction Immunohistochemistry m RNA

Outflow from under the Pine Island Bay Ice Shelf: finescale structure and its temporal variability

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Advances in Polar Science 2016年第4期27卷 245-263页

作者： robin Robertson School of Physical Environmental and Mathematical Sciences University of New South Wales Department of marine Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

The water column structure of the ice shelf cavity outflow from under Pine Island Glacier and its temporal variability were investigated using a hourly time series of yo-yo CTD and LADCP data collected over -24 h at the southern end of the ice shelf front. The primary water types present over the continental shelf off Pine Island Bay were Circumpolar Deep Water （CDW）, modified Circumpolar Deep Water （mCDW）, Shelf Water （SW）, and Ice Shelf Water （ISW）. As CDW transited the shelf, it transitioned into cooler, mCDW. In the upper 200 m, ISW dominated within 100 km of the ice shelf and SW further offshore. Within Pine Island Bay, the water column was partitioned into two primary layers based on their behavior： an upper outflowing layer from 100 m to 450 m composed of ISW with a significant meltwater component, 1%-2%, over an inflowing layer from -550 m to the sea bed composed of mCDW. Due to the small cavity extent, the outflowing water was warmer than the seawater freezing point. The upper ISW layer was further split into upper ISW layer #1 （100-300 m） and upper ISW layer #2 （320450 m） with the transition coinciding with the ice shelf draft. Small step-like features with heights from 1-50 m existed within both the ISW layers and were more prominent in upper ISW layer #1. A baroclinic signal at the semidiurnal frequency existed within both primary layers with the strongest signal, - 10 cm·s^-1, propagating vertically in the upper ISW layer.

关键词： Pine Island Bay double-diffusion Amundsen Sea internal tides

Interventions to improve treatment adherence among adolescents: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of meta-Analysis 2014年第3期2卷 71-77页

作者： Tricia A miller Brittany L Bannon m robin Di matteo Department of Psychology University of CaliforniaRiverside

AIm: To examine the overall effectiveness of interventions designed to improve medical treatment adherence among adolescent ***: Pub med and Psyc INFO databases were searched to retrieve and analyze empirical journal articles(from 1948-2013). Only peer-reviewed, English language journals that defined a measure of adherence(or compliance), assessed an intervention aimed at improving adherence among adolescents, and provided information to calculate an r effect size were included. Studies were excluded if they lacked assessment of the effectiveness of interventions on improving adherence in adolescents as compared to no interventions or standard care. Case studies or journal articles that examined substance abuse or psychological disorders were also excluded. Analyses were conducted with fixed and random-effects methods, and moderators of intervention efficacy were also examined. RESULTS: For each study that met the inclusion crite-ria(n = 45), an effect size r, reflecting the strength and direction of the interventions' relationship to adherence was recorded; a positive r indicated that the intervention increased adolescent adherence, whereas a negative r indicated that the intervention decreased adolescent adherence. The overall effectiveness of adolescent adherence interventions was positive and significant(unweighted mean r = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.21-0.33, P = 0.001). moderator analyses at the fixed effects level revealed that interventions were less effective when adolescents reported their adherence behaviors, when the type of adherence regimen was a medication regimen, and when the type of intervention was cognitivemodification based. CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to understanding interventions for enhancing adolescent adherence. Future research should continue to examine the specific challenges faced by adolescents and create targeted interventions.

关键词： Adolescent Adherence(compliance) Intervention meta-analysis

Impact on dietary intake of a self-directed, gender-tailored diabetes prevention program in men

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第8期8卷 414-421页

作者： megan E Rollo Elroy J Aguiar Kirrilly m Pursey Philip J morgan Ronald C Plotnikoff myles D Young Clare E Collins robin Callister Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Health Sciences Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle Callaghan Department of Kinesiology School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Education Faculty of Education and Arts University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Newcastle

AImTo investigate changes in dietary intake following a 6-mo randomised controlled trial of the self-directed, gender-tailored type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm) Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) program in men. mETHODSmen aged 18-65 years, with a body mass index (BmI) 25-40 kg/m2, and at high risk for developing T2Dm were recruited from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Eligible participants were randomised into one of two groups: (1) waitlist control; or (2) PULSE intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and immediately post-program using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire and diet quality measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). RESULTSOne hundred and one participants (n = 48, control; n = 53, intervention, mean age 52.3 ± 9.7 years, BmI of 32.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2) commenced the study. Following the active phase, differences between groups were observed for proportion of total energy consumed from healthful (core) foods (+7.6%EI, P m (-369 mg, P = 0.047), and diet quality (ARFS) (+4.3, P = 0.004), including sub-scales for fruit (+1.1, P = 0.03), meat (+0.9, P = 0.004) and non-meat protein (+0.5, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONThe PULSE prevention program’s nutrition messages led to significant improvements in dietary intake in men at risk of T2Dm.

关键词： Dietary intake Diet quality men Diabetes prevention program Self-directed

HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC mECHANISmS IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEmS FOR SUSTAINABILITY:EXPERIENCE FROm STUDIES DEPLOYING NATUR-EBASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 214-237页

作者： Timothy S.GEORGE Cathy HAWES Tracy A.VALENTINE Alison J.KARLEY Pietro P.m.IANNETTA robin W.BROOKER Ecological Sciences Department The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK

To achieve the triple challenge of food security,reversing biodiversity declines plus mitigating and adapting to climate change,there is a drive to embed ecological principles into agricultural,value-chain practices and *** diversifying cropping systems at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs,provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress,enhance plant,microbe and animal biodiversity,and mitigate against climate *** this review we highlight the research performed in Scotland over the past 5 years into the impact of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability,resilience and provision of ecosystem *** demonstrate that diversification of the system can enhance ecosystem *** and plant management interventions,including nature-based solutions,can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy ***,this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic *** highlight the example of intercropping with legumes to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legumes as an exemplar of the *** conclude that there are many effective interventions that can be made to deliver resilient,sustainable,and diverse agroecosystems for crop and food production,and these may be applicable in any agroecosystem.

关键词： diversification ecological principles legumes plant management soil management soil ecosystem services

Switchable carbamate coagulants to improve recycling ionic liquid from biomass solutions

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Green Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期2卷 384-391页

作者： Julia L.Shamshina Ying Qin Ken Belmore Daniel T.Daly robin D.Rogers Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute Department of Plant and Soil ScienceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA Alabama Institute for manufacturing Excellence The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA College of Arts&Sciences The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL35487USA Solutions Inc.P.O.Box 2206TuscaloosaAL35403USA

A reversible amine-carbamate approach has been developed to reduce the use of antisolvents such as water in the coagulation of biopolymers from ionic liquid(IL)solution and thus improve the economy of IL *** and chitin were recovered from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([C_(2)mim][OAc])solution by introducing the miscible amines triethanolamine(TEA),ethylenediamine(EDA),or butylamine(BA)and bubbling CO_(2) at 40℃ and atmospheric pressure through the solutions to form carbamate salts in situ which resulted in biopolymer *** gave the best results because of its low boiling point and low viscosity,which benefited both biopolymer recovery and IL *** films and fibers could be formed by extrusion of an mCC/[C_(2)mim]-[OAc]solution into a coagulating bath comprised of a 1:1 m mixture of[C_(2)mim][OAc]and butylammonium butylcarbamate(BA-carbamate).The cellulose,IL,amine,and CO_(2) were easily separated,although the cellulose recovered required some water washings to remove traces of *** to 96.4%of the[C_(2)mim][OAc]could be recovered,76.2%from the coagulation bath and 20.2%from the water *** recycled IL was suitable for another cycle of cellulose dissolution and extrusion and 84.6%of the IL used for the second cycle was *** further work is needed,not the least of which will be reducing the amount of water needed for washing steps,some promising features of this process point the way for new directions for more economically viable IL recycling processes in biomass treatment with ILs.

关键词： Carbamate Ionic liquid Recovery Switchable Coagulation Biopolymers Carbamates IL recycle