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In situ electron holography of the dynamic magnetic field emanating from a hard-disk drive writer

Nano Research 2015年第4期8卷 1241-1249页

作者： Joshua F. Einsle Christophe Gatel Aurelien masseboeuf robin Cours muhammad A. Bashir mark Gubbins Robert m. Bowman Etienne Snoeck Centre for Nanostructured media School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN UK CEmES-CNRS 29 rueJ. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France Universite de Toulouse Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France Seagate Technology I Disc Drive Springtown Industrial Estate Derry City Co. BT48 OBF Londonderry UK

The proliferation of mobile devices in society accessing data via the ＂cloud＂ is imposing a dramatic increase in the amount of information to be stored on hard disk drives （HDD） used in servers. Forecasts are that areal densities will need to increase by as much as 35% compound per annum and by 2,020 cloud storage capacity will be around 7 zettabytes corresponding to areal densities of 2 Tb/in^2. This requires increased performance from the magnetic pole of the electromag- netic writer in the read/write head in the HDD. Current state-of-art writing is undertaken by morphologically complex magnetic pole of sub 100 nm dimensions, in an environment of engineered magnetic shields and it needs to deliver strong directional magnetic field to areas on the recording media around 50 nm × 13 nm. This points to the need for a method to perform direct quantitative measurements of the magnetic field generated by the write pole at the nanometer scale. Here we report on the complete in situ quantitative mapping of the magnetic field generated by a functioning write pole in operation using electron holography. The results point the way towards a new nanoscale magnetic field source to further develop in situ transmission electron microscopy.

关键词： electron transmissionmicroscopy off-axis electronholography in situ magnetic field magnetic recording hard disk write pole

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苏格兰拉姆岛上野化山羊种群的取食生态学(英文)

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兽类学报 2009年第2期29卷 116-124页

作者：石建斌 robin I.m.Dunbar 北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 School of Biological Sciences Biosciences BuildingUniversity of Liverpool

2000年6～11月对苏格兰拉姆岛上野化山羊（Caprahircus）种群的取食生态学进行了研究。研究表明：山羊的觅食回合长度变化范围从1min到460min不等，平均觅食回合长度是103．1±15．0（SD）min，雌性动物的觅食回合长度较雄性的长（P=0．... 详细信息

2000年6～11月对苏格兰拉姆岛上野化山羊（Caprahircus）种群的取食生态学进行了研究。研究表明：山羊的觅食回合长度变化范围从1min到460min不等，平均觅食回合长度是103．1±15．0（SD）min，雌性动物的觅食回合长度较雄性的长（P=0．077）。野化山羊单位时间的取食频率平均为46．3±0．6H／min，取食频率随性别（P=0．023）和月份（P〈0．001）而显著变化。雄性山羊在繁殖交配之前（6～7月）和之后（10～11月）的取食频率比繁殖交配期中（9～10月）的快（P〈0．008），但雌性动物并没有这样的变化（P=0．327）。雄性动物在繁殖交配期中的取食时间显著减少。雌、雄两性动物在取食频次和取食时间方面的这些差异可能导致该山羊种群在食物摄入量上的性别差异：雌性山羊的食物摄入量相对比较稳定，而雄性山羊的摄人量则变动很大。估计的食物摄人量随月份而下降（尽管9月份以后有一微小幅度的上升），这意味着拉姆岛上的山羊种群在食物匮乏而天气寒冷潮湿的冬季可能面临着能量收支不平衡的威胁。

关键词：取食回合长度取食频次步移频次野化山羊拉姆岛

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Chalcogenide Ovonic Threshold Switching Selector

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 1-40页

作者： Zihao Zhao Sergiu Clima Daniele Garbin robin Degraeve Geoffrey Pourtois Zhitang Song min Zhu National Key Laboratory of materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China ImEC Kapedreef 75LeuvenBelgium

Today’s explosion of data urgently requires memory technologies capable of storing large volumes of data in shorter time frames,a feat unattain-able with Flash or *** Optane,commonly referred to as three-dimensional phase change memory,stands out as one of the most promising *** Optane with cross-point architecture is constructed through layering a storage element and a selector known as the ovonic threshold switch(OTS).The OTS device,which employs chalcogenide film,has thereby gathered increased attention in recent *** this paper,we begin by providing a brief introduction to the discovery process of the OTS ***,we summarize the key elec-trical parameters of OTS devices and delve into recent explorations of OTS materials,which are categorized as Se-based,Te-based,and S-based material ***,we discuss various models for the OTS switching mechanism,including field-induced nucleation model,as well as several carrier injection ***,we review the progress and innovations in OTS mechanism ***,we highlight the successful application of OTS devices in three-dimensional high-density memory and offer insights into their promising performance and extensive prospects in emerging applications,such as self-selecting memory and neuromorphic computing.

关键词： Non-volatile memory Ovonic threshold switch(OTS) Chalcogenide Selector

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Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： robin Healy Ian C.Kenny Andrew J.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(pme method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

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Zinc-assisted synthesis of imidazolium-tetrazolate bi-heterocyclic zwitterions with variable alkyl bridge length

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1620-1626页

作者： DRAB David m. SHAmSHINA Julia L. SmIGLAK marcin COJOCARU O. Andreea KELLEY Steven P. ROGERS robin D. Center for Green manufacturing and Department of Chemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Zinc halide-complexed alkyl-bridged bi-heterocycles were obtained as zwitterions from the Click reaction of a series of N-cyanoalkyl-N-alkylimidazolium halide ionic liquids with sodium azide. Reaction optimization sho... 详细信息

关键词： Click chemistry ionic liquids heterocycle coordination chemistry

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The effect of performance demands on lower extremity biomechanics during landing and cutting tasks

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 228-234页

作者： Boyi Dai William E.Garrett michael T.Gross Darin A.Padua robin m.Queen Bing Yu Division of Kinesiology and Health University of Wyoming Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Division of Physical Therapy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Kevin Granata Biomechanics Lab Department of Biomedical Engineering and MechanicsVirginia Tech

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injuries commonly occur during the early phase of landing and cutting tasks that involve sudden decelerations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of jump height and jump speed on lower extremity biomechanics during a stop-jump task and the effect of cutting speed on lower extremity biomechanics during a side-cutting ***: Thirty-six recreational athletes performed a stop-jump task under 3 conditions: jumping fast, jumping for maximum height, and jumping for 60% of maximum height. Participants also performed a side-cutting task under 2 conditions: cutting at maximum speed and cutting at 60% of maximum speed. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were ***:The jumping fast condition resulted in increased peak posterior ground reaction force(PPGRF), knee extension moment at PPGRF,and knee joint stiffness and decreased knee flexion angle compared with the jumping for maximum height condition. The jumping for 60% of maximum height condition resulted in decreased knee flexion angle compared with the jumping for maxrimum height condition. Participants demonstrated greater PPGRF, knee extension moment at PPGRF, knee valgus angle and varus moment at PPGRF, knee joint stiffness, and knee flexion angle during the cutting at maximum speed condition compared with the cutting at 60% maximum speed ***: Performing jump landing at an increased jump speed resulted in lower extremity movement patterns that have been previously associated with an increase in ACL loading. Cutting speed also affected lower extremity biomechanics. Jump speed and cutting speed need to be considered when designing AC.L injury risk screening and injury prevention programs.

关键词： ACL injury Injury prevention Kinematics Kinetics Loading mechanism Risk factor

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Code modernization and modularization of APEX and SWAT watershed simulation models

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 81-94页

作者： robin A.J.Taylor Jaehak Jeong michael White Jeffrey G.Arnold Blackland Research&Extension Center Texas A&M AgriLife ResearchTempleTexas 76502USA Grassland Soil&Water Research Laboratory USDA-ARS TempleTexas 76502USA

SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)and APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)are respectively large and small watershed simulation models derived from EPIC(Environmental Policy Integrated Climate),a field-scale agroecology simulation *** three models are coded in Fortran and have evolved over several *** are widely used to analyze anthropogenic influences on soil and water quality and *** of the original Fortran code has been retained even though Fortran has been through several cycles of *** now provides functionality originally restricted to languages like C,designed to communicate directly with the operating system and *** can now use an object-oriented style of programming in Fortran,including inheritance,run-time polymorphism and *** order to enhance their utility in research and policy-making,the models are undergoing a major revision to use some of the new Fortran *** these new programming paradigms the developers of SWAT,APEX,and EPIC are working to make communication between the two models *** paper describes the ongoing revision of these models that will make them easier to use,maintain,modify and *** is intended that they will converge as they continue to evolution,while maintaining their distinctive features,capabilities and identities.

关键词： code modernization modularization object-oriented programming Fortran 2008 landscape-scale models APEX EPIC SWAT

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Staging the axilla in women with breast cancer: the utility of preoperative ultrasound-guided needle biopsy

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2014年第2期11卷 69-77页

作者： Nehmat Houssami robin m. Turner Screening and Test Evaluation Program (STEP) School of Public Health Sydney Medical School University of Sydney

Preoperative staging of the axilla in women with invasive breast cancer using ultrasound-guided needle biopsy(UNB) identifies approximately 50% of patients with axillary nodal metastases prior to surgical intervention. Although moderately sensitive, it is a highly specific staging strategy that is rarely falsely-positive, hence a positive UNB allows patients to be triaged to axillary lymph-node dissection(ALND) avoiding potentially unnecessary sentinel node biopsy(SNB). In this review, we extend our previous work through an updated literature search, focusing on studies that report data on UNB utility. Based on data for 10,934 breast cancer patients, sourced from 35 studies, a positive UNB allowed triage of 1,745 cases(simple proportion 16%) to axillary surgical treatment: the utility of UNB was a median 19.8% [interquartile range(IQR) 11.6%-26.7%] across these studies. We also modelled data from a subgroup of studies, and estimated that amongst patients with metastases to axillary nodes, the odds ratio(OR) for high nodal disease burden for a positive UNB versus a negative UNB was 4.38 [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 3.13, 6.13], Pm this model, the estimated proportion with high nodal disease burden was 58.9%(95% CI: 50.2%, 67.0%) for a positive UNB, whereas the estimated proportion with high nodal disease burden was 24.6%(95% CI: 17.7%, 33.2%) if UNB was negative. Overall, axillary UNB has good clinical utility and a positive UNB can effectively triage to ALND. However, the evolving landscape of axillary surgical treatment means that UNB will have relatively less utility where surgeons have modified their practice to omission of ALND for minimal nodal metastatic disease.

关键词： Breast cancer axillary staging node metastases test utility ultrasound-guided needle biopsy(UNB)

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Physical activity and obese children

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第3期1卷 141-148,194页

作者： Alison m.mcmanus robin R.mellecker Institute of Human Performance University of Hong Kong

Childhood obesity is an epidemic of global proportions,accompanied by an alarming increase in various metabolic *** would appear that childhood obesity stems largely from excessive energy intake and that it is the ensuing obesity that leads to physical inactivity in children,as opposed to initial physical inactivity inducing *** changes in body composition that accompany obesity influence physical activity (PA) and the mechanistic basis for this remains poorly *** review provides an overview of the PA habits and body composition of the obese *** suggest skeletal muscle metabolism as a key driver of *** role both quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle may play in oxidative metabolism in the obese children are *** is a real need for research examining the mechanistic basis of physical inactivity in the *** dearth of information on the role of skeletal muscle metabolism in the PA of obese youngsters and the emergence of new technologies allowing cellular and metabolite mechanisms to be explored provides plenty of scope for future work.

关键词： Children Exercise Intervention Obesity Physical activity

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Particle Swarm Optimization of Printing Parameters for Open-source TIG-based metal 3D Printing

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Chinese Journal of mechanical Engineering(Additive manufacturing Frontiers) 2022年第4期1卷 27-35页

作者： Shane Oberloier Wilson J Holmes Luke A reich Joshua m Pearce Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Department of mechanical Engineering–Engineering mechanics Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering Ivey Business SchoolWestern UniversityLondonN6A 5B9Canada

Proprietary metal 3D printing is still relegated to relatively expensive systems that have been constructed over years of expensive trial-and-error to obtain optimum 3D printing ***-cost open-source metal 3D printers can potentially democratize metal additive manufacturing;however,significant resources are required to redevelop optimal printing parameters for each metal on new *** this study,the particle swam optimization(PSO)experimenter,a free and open-source software package,is utilized to obtain the optimal printing parameters for a tungsten inert gas-based metal open source 3D *** software is a graphical user interface implementation of the PSO method and is designed specifically for hardware-in-loop *** uses the input of experimental variables and their respective ranges,and then proposes iterations for experiments.A custom fitness function is defined to characterize the experimental results and provide feedback to the algorithm for low-cost metal additive *** separate trials are performed to determine the optimal parameters for 3D ***,an experiment is designed to deposit and optimize the parameters for a single ***,the parameters for a single-layer plane is optimized ***,the optimal printing parameters for a cube is determined ***,the line optimization experiment is revised and reconducted using different shield gas *** results and limitations are presented and discussed in the context of expanding wire arc additive manufacturing to more systems and material classes for distributed digital manufacturing.

关键词： metal 3D printing Additive manufacturing Tungsten inert gas welding TIG welding Particle swarm optimization RepRap

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