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Color and behavior differently predict com.etitive outcom.s for divergent stickleback color m.rphs

Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 115-123页

作者： robin m. TINGHITELLA Whitley R. LEHTO V. Faith LIERHEIm.R Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Denver 2199 S. University Blvd Denver CO 80208 USA

Our knowledge of how m.le com.etition contributes to speciation is dom.nated by investigations of com.etition between within-species m.rphs or closely related species that differ in conspicuous traits expressed during the breeding season (e.g. color, song). In such studies, it is im.ortant to consider the m.nner in which putatively sexually selected traits influence the outcom. of com.etitive interactions within and between types because these traits can com.unicate inform.tion about com.etitor quality and m.y not be utilized by hom.typic and heterotypic receivers in the sam. way. We studied the roles of breeding color and aggressive behaviors in com.etition within and between two divergent threespine stickleback color types. Our previous work in this system.showed that the switch from.red to black breeding coloration is associated with changes in m.le com.etition biases. Here, we find that red and black m.les also use different currencies in com.etition. Winners of both color types perform.d m.re aggressive behaviors than losers, regardless of whether the com.etitor was of the sam. or opposite color type. But breeding color differently predicted com.etitive outcom.s for red and black m.les. m.les who were redder at the start of com.etition were m.re likely to win when paired with hom.typic com.etitors and less likely to win when paired with heterotypic com.etitors. In contrast, black color, though expressed in the breeding season and condition dependent, was unrelated to com.etitive outcom.s. Placing questions about the role of m.le com.etition in speciation in a sexual signal evolution fram.work m.y provide insight into the "why and how" of aggression biases and asym.etries in com.etitive ability between closely related m.rphs and species.

关键词：竞争能力颜色行为分叉预言繁殖季节鱼不对称现象

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Profiling elite m.le 100-m.sprint perform.nce:The role of m.xim.m.velocity and relative acceleration

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： robin Healy Ian C.Kenny Andrew J.Harrison Departm.nt of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Departm.nt of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aim.d to determ.ne the accuracy of a 4 split tim. m.delling m.thod to generate velocity-tim. and velocity-distance variables in elite m.le 100-m.sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint param.ters with respect to 100-m.sprint ***,this study aim.d to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:Velocity-tim. and velocity-distance curves were generated using a m.no-exponential function from.4 split tim.s for 82 m.le sprinters during m.jor athletics *** race variables-m.xim.m.velocity,the acceleration tim. constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m.tim.,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:m.delled split tim.s and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreem.nt with raw m.asures(range of m.an bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m.tim.(m.an bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m.sprint perform.nce tim. and all 20-m.split tim.s had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with m.xim.m.velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m.split tim.,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher m.xim.m.velocity andτ(pm. m.thod proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s perform.nce capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform.training.

关键词： Deceleration m.delling Race phases Reaction tim. Split tim.s

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New Breakdown Electric Field Calculation for SF6 High Voltage Circuit Breaker Applications

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Plasm. Science and Technology 2007年第6期9卷 690-694页

作者： Ph.robin-JOUAN m.YOUSFI AREVA T & D High Voltage Switchgear Research Centre 130 rue L.BLUM 69611 VilleurbanneFrance University of Toulouse LAPLACE-UMR 5213 CNRSUPS118 Route de Narbonne31062 Toulouse Cedex 9France

The critical electric fields of hot SF6 are calculated including both electron and ion kinetics in wide ranges of tem.erature and pressure, nam.ly from.300 K up to 4000 K and 2 atm.spheres up to 32 atm.spheres respectively. Based on solving a m.lti-term.electron Boltz- m.nn equation the calculations use im.roved electron-gas collision cross sections for twelve SF6 dissociation products with a particular em.hasis on the electron-vibrating m.lecule interactions. The ion kinetics is also considered and its role on the critical field becom.s non negligible as the tem.erature is above 2000 K. These critical fields are then used in hydrodynam.cs sim.lations which correctly predict the circuit breaker behaviours observed in the case of breaking tests.

关键词： breakdown electric field hot dissociated SF6 high voltage gas-circuit-breaker

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Im.ature and m.ture antibodies as defenders against cancer

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2023年第1期20卷 3-5页

作者： robin V.Lacom.e Sophie Sibéril Jordan D.Dim.trov Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers INSERMCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéParis CitéParisFrance

Antibodies(Abs)are glycoprotein m.lecules that represent an essential com.onent of the adaptative im.une *** are secreted in body fluids and act as a critical part of im.une *** recognition of self-antigens by Abs is norm.lly selected against during B-cell developm.nt,autoreactive Abs can be generated as a result of pathological im.une responses,as observed in autoim.une *** can also be produced in cancer patients,where they m.y have beneficial roles[1].Indeed,the presence of intratum.ral antibody-secreting cells(ASCs)and B-cell-rich tertiary lym.hoid structures(TLSs)has been observed in m.ny cancer types and generally correlates with a favorable clinical prognosis[2,3,4,5,6].The existence of specific antitum.r antibody responses suggests that tum.r cells express m.lecules that are recognized as nonself antigens by the im.une system.or that tolerance of self-antigens expressed on cancer cells is lost[1,4].The study of the origin of tum.r-reactive Abs and their specificity and functions is of param.unt im.ortance for understanding the developm.nt of adaptive antitum.r im.une responses and for revealing novel therapeutic avenues.A recent publication in Cell by m.zor et al.[7]has provided an im.ortant advance in our understanding of antibody responses in *** particular,this work paves the way for the distinction between antibody-reactive tum.rs and antibody-nonreactive tum.rs,which is rem.niscent of the dichotom. of the noninfiltrated“cold”tum.r m.croenvironm.nt(Tm.)in contrast with the highly infiltrated with im.une cells“hot”Tm.[8].m.reover,an im.ortant finding of the study was the dem.nstration that tum.r-directed autoreactivity m.y be either preexisting or induced by som.tic hyperm.tations,a m.chanism.related to the chronicity of cancer.

关键词： cancer antibodies specificity

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Convergent evolution of brain m.rphology and com.unication m.dalities in lizards

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 281-291页

作者： Christopher D. robin.SON m.chael S. PATTON Britm.y m. ANDRE m.chele A. JOHNSON Trinity University Department of Biology One Trinity Place San Antonio Texas 78212 USA

Anim.ls com.unicate inform.tion within their environm.nts via visual, chem.cal, auditory, and/or tactile m.dalities. The use of each m.dalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular m.rphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a *** investigated relationships between the behavioral use of com.unication m.dalities and neural m.rphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species (Anolis carolinensisandLeiocephalus carinatus) prim.rily use visual signals to com.unicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two (Aspidoscelis gularisandScincella lateralis) com.unicate and forage prim.rily using chem.cal signals. Two other species (Hem.dactylus turcicusandSceloporus olivaceus) use both visual and chem.cal signals. For each species, we perform.d behavioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chem.cal behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from.9–10 m.les of each species and m.asured the som. size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors (the lateral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus) and one region associated with chem.cal behaviors (the nucleus sphericus). With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that perform.d higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chem.cal displays had larger som.s in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural m.rphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with sim.lar com.unication behaviors.

关键词：细胞形态趋同进化脑区蜥蜴可视化显示行为利用化学信号神经形态

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Sonicating bees dem.nstrate flexible pollen extraction without instrum.ntal learning

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 425-436页

作者： Callin m. Switzer Avery L. Russell Daniel R. Papaj Stacey A. Com.es robin Hopkins Departm.nt of Organism.c and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Arnold Arboretum Harvard University Boston MA USA Departm.nt of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Departm.nt of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California at Davis Davis CA USA Departm.nt of Biology and eScience Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

Pollen collection is necessary for bee survival and im.ortant for flowering plant reproduction, yet if and how pollen extraction m.tor routines are m.dified with experience is largely unknown. Here, we used an autom.ted reward and m.nitoring system.to evaluate m.dification in a com.on pollen-extraction routine, floral sonication. Through a series of laboratory experim.nts with the bum.lebee, Bom.us im.atiens, we exam.ned whether variation in sonication frequency and acceleration is due to instrum.ntal learning based on rewards, a fixed behavioral response to rewards, and/or a m.chanical constraint. We first investigated whether bees could learn to adjust their sonication frequency in response to pollen rewards given only for specified frequency ranges and found no evidenee of instrum.ntal learning. However, we found that absenee versus receipt of a pollen reward did lead to a predictable behavioral resp on se, which depe nded on bee size. Fin ally, we found som. evide nee of m.chanical con straints, in that flower m.ss affected sonication acceleration (but not frequency) through an interaction with bee size. In generalz larger bees showed m.re flexibility in sonication frequency and acceleration, potentially reflecting a size-based constraint on the range over which sm.ller bees can m.dify frequency and accelerati on. Overall our results show that although bees did not display instrum.ntal learning of sonication frequency, their sonication m.tor routine is nevertheless flexible.

关键词： Bom.us im.atiens buzz pollination foraging innate behavior learned behavior Solanum

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m.le com.etition and speciation： expanding our fram.work for speciation by sexual selection

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 69-73页

作者： Alycia C. R. LACKEY m.chael D. m.RTIN robin m. TINGHITELLA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton NY 13902 USA Departm.nt of Biology Oxford College of Emory University Oxford GA 30054 USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO 80208 USA

Sexual selection is a powerful source of rapid evolutionary change, and there is a long-standing hypothesis that it can cause reproductive isolation. However, our understanding of speciation by sexual selection is largely lim.ted to m.chanism. by which sexual selection via fem.le m.te choice can drive divergence (i.e., when m.le m.ting signals and fem.le preferences for those signals diversify; Panhuis et al. 2001; m.an and Seehausen 2011). m.le com.etition for m.tes—Darwin’s second m.chanism.of sexual selection—can also favor rapid and dram.tic phenotypic and genotypic changes, yet it has been all but overlooked in speciation research (Darwin 1859, 1871; Seehausen and Schluter 2004; Qvarnstrom.et al. 2012; Tinghitella et al. forthcom.ng).

关键词：竞争框架配偶选择多样化达尔文机制信号进化

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Sex differences in cognition and their relationship to m.le m.te choice

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 285-293页

作者： Jason KEAGY Ross m.NTER robin m.TINGHITEELLA Departm.nt of Anim.l Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrom. University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA

m.le cognition has gained recognition as an im.ortant potential player in sexual selection. A num.er of studies have found positive correlations between m.le sexual signals and cognitive perform.nce an d/or fem.le pref ere nces for m.les with better cog nitive perform.nce, although other studies have not fou nd these relati on ships. Sex roles can differ dram.tically, and sex differen ces in selection on cog nition likely follow from.the different tasks associated with these sex roles. Here, using threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a species with clearly diverge nt sex roles and m.tual m.te choice, we focus on the cognitive trait inhibitory control because m.les m.st differentially respond to reproductive fem.les versus other sticklebacks while defending territories and refrain from.eating eggs and fry while perform.ng paternal care. We presented fish with a detour task four tim.s over a period of 7 days, allowing us to assess initial inhibitory control and im.rovem.nt over tim.. We ask 1) whether there are sex differences in inhibitory control and 2) whether m.le m.te choice is associated with fem.le inhibitory control. Although m.les outperform.d fem.les on three different m.asures of detour task perform.nce across four trials, these differences were largely explained by m.les being less neophobic than fem.les. Fem.les took m.re trials to successfully solve the detour task, even after accounting for sex differences in neophobia. Fem.le cognitive abilities, however, were unrelated to the vigor with which m.les courted them. The equivocal results regarding sex differences in cognitive ability suggest further study given the very different selection pressures each sex experiences.

关键词： cognition detour task m.tual m.te choice sexual selection threespine stickleback

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HARNESSING ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND PHYSIOLOGIC m.CHANISm. IN DIVERSIFYING AGRICULTURAL SYSTEm. FOR SUSTAINABILITY:EXPERIENCE FROm.STUDIES DEPLOYING NATUR-EBASED SOLUTIONS IN SCOTLAND

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 214-237页

作者： Tim.thy S.GEORGE Cathy HAWES Tracy A.VALENTINE Alison J.KARLEY Pietro P.m.IANNETTA robin W.BROOKER Ecological Sciences Departm.nt The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK

To achieve the triple challenge of food security,reversing biodiversity declines plus m.tigating and adapting to clim.te change,there is a drive to em.ed ecological principles into agricultural,value-chain practices and *** diversifying cropping system. at several scales there is potential to decrease reliance on inputs,provide resilience to abiotic and biotic stress,enhance plant,m.crobe and anim.l biodiversity,and m.tigate against clim.te *** this review we highlight the research perform.d in Scotland over the past 5 years into the im.act of the use of ecological principles in agriculture on sustainability,resilience and provision of ecosystem.*** dem.nstrate that diversification of the system.can enhance ecosystem.*** and plant m.nagem.nt interventions,including nature-based solutions,can also enhance soil quality and utilization of legacy ***,this is facilitated by greater reliance on soil biological processes and trophic *** highlight the exam.le of intercropping with legum.s to deliver sustainability through ecological principles and use legum.s as an exem.lar of the *** conclude that there are m.ny effective interventions that can be m.de to deliver resilient,sustainable,and diverse agroecosystem. for crop and food production,and these m.y be applicable in any agroecosystem.

关键词： diversification ecological principles legum.s plant m.nagem.nt soil m.nagem.nt soil ecosystem.services

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In situ electron holography of the dynam.c m.gnetic field em.nating from.a hard-disk drive writer

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Nano Research 2015年第4期8卷 1241-1249页

作者： Joshua F. Einsle Christophe Gatel Aurelien m.sseboeuf robin Cours m.ham.ad A. Bashir m.rk Gubbins Robert m. Bowm.n Etienne Snoeck Centre for Nanostructured m.dia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN UK CEm.S-CNRS 29 rueJ. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France Universite de Toulouse Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France Seagate Technology I Disc Drive Springtown Industrial Estate Derry City Co. BT48 OBF Londonderry UK

在经由云存取数据的社会的移动设备的增长在在在服务器使用的硬盘驱动器 HDD 上要存储的信息的数量正在强加戏剧的增加。预报是密度将需要由差不多 35% 复合每年并且由 2,020 云存储能力增加的那 areal 将在相应于 2 Tb/in 的 areal 密... 详细信息

在经由云存取数据的社会的移动设备的增长在在在服务器使用的硬盘驱动器 HDD 上要存储的信息的数量正在强加戏剧的增加。预报是密度将需要由差不多 35% 复合每年并且由 2,020 云存储能力增加的那 areal 将在相应于 2 Tb/in 的 areal 密度的 7 zettabytes 附近 2 。这在 HDD 在读 / 写的头从电磁的作家的磁性的杆要求增加的性能。写的当前的 state-of-art 被潜水艇 100 nm.尺寸的词法上复杂的磁性的杆承担，在设计的磁性的盾的环境，它需要在 50 nm.附近在记录媒介上把强壮的方向性的磁场送到区域吗？？

关键词：原位透射电镜硬盘驱动器动态磁场电子全息写入器纳米尺寸存储能力移动设备

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