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大气臭氧层破坏与人类患癌危险

世界科学 1988年第8期 49-51页

作者： robin.R.j. 张敬方黄林

大气同温层中的臭氧在保护地球生物中起着关键的作用。大约3%的太阳输出以紫外线(UV)释放出来,但其中只有一小部分到达地球表面。波长在240～290nm的紫外线C(UVC)几乎全部被大气中的臭氧消除,只有一部分紫外线B(UVB)(290～320nm)穿过大... 详细信息

大气同温层中的臭氧在保护地球生物中起着关键的作用。大约3%的太阳输出以紫外线(UV)释放出来,但其中只有一小部分到达地球表面。波长在240～290nm的紫外线C(UVC)几乎全部被大气中的臭氧消除,只有一部分紫外线B(UVB)(290～320nm)穿过大气到达地球表面。由于紫外线B与紫外线C不在DNA的吸收光谱内,所以臭氧对原始生命形式很关键,尤其对水中生态系统。对人类,臭氧能大大限制太阳辐射的致癌作用。

关键词：臭氧层紫外线照射黑色素瘤死亡率平流层黑色素肿瘤紫外线辐射黑色瘤化学反应氧化氮一氧化二氮笑气基底细胞癌基底细胞上皮瘤人类

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牛津实用英语语法

1991年

作者： A.j.·汤姆森(A.j. thomson) A.V.·马蒂内特(A.V. Martinet)

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近代科学家的宗教观再版

Comparison of two misoprostol regimens for cervical priming before surgical pregnancy termination at 13 to 16 weeks gestations

1928年

作者：（英）汤姆生（j.A.thomson））谢颂羔米星如译

书名原文:Science and religion:分6章。论述科学与宗教的关系。

关键词：哲学、宗教宗教对宗教的分析和研究

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Open journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011年第4期1卷 187-190页

作者： Dennis G. Chambers robin j. Willcourt Anthony R. Laver jane K. Baird Wye Y. Herbert 不详

Background: The optimal regimen has still to be determined for the use of misoprostol in the surgical termination of pregnancy in the early second trimester. Objective: To compare the outcomes of two different regimens for cervical priming with misoprostol before dilatation and evacuation (D & E) in 13 weeks - 16 weeks gestation pregnancy terminations. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of two cohorts of 334 women each who were treated with either 3 sublingual doses of 2 misoprostol 200 μg tablets 30 minutes apart on admission or the same dosage preceded by 1 oral tablet of misoprostol 200 μg at home 3 hours before admission. Results: The addition of the home tablet of misoprostol increased the rate of one day completion of D & E from 97.3% to 100% (P = 0.004), and the overall mean theatre time for D&E was reduced by 12.3% in parous women (P = 0.001) and 6.4% in nulliparous women (P = 0.003) with the reduction being consistent across all gestations. Conclusions: This retrospective study showed that the addition of 1 oral tablet of misoprostol 200 μg at home 3 hours before admission to a regimen of 3 sublingual doses of 2 misoprostol 200 μg tablets 30 minutes apart on admission significantly increases the probability of all women at 13 weeks - 16 weeks gestation completing a termination of pregnancy in one day with a single D & E procedure and with a reduced theatre time.

关键词： Early Second-Trimester Surgical Abortion D & E Misoprostol Cervical Priming

Tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance： results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 77-90页

作者： marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts school of natural and environmental sciences newcastle universityUpon TyneNewcastle NE1 7RUUK department of geography and planning university of torontoONCanada land and water commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisationYarralumlaACTAustralia school of mathematical and geospatial sciences rmit universityGPO Box 2476VMelbourneVIC 3001Australia department of biology geologyphysics and inorganic chemistryuniversidad rey juan carlosE-28933 MostolesMadridSpain tropical forest and peopleresearch centre university of the sunshine coastsippy DownsAustralia environment department university of yorkYorkUK flamingo land ltd. MaltonUK the institute of biological and environmental sciences environmental modelling groupuniversity of aberdeenAberdeenUK biological and environmental sciences university of stirlingStirling FK9 4L AUK york institute for tropical ecosystems environment departmentuniversity of yorkYork YO10 5NGUK department of geography university college londonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK earth observation climate and optical groupnational physical laboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUK department of archaeology and ancient history uppsala universitetP.O.Box 256-751 05 UppsalaSESweden center for macroecology evolution and climateuniversity of copenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDKDenmark durrell institute of conservation and ecology(dice) school of anthropology and conservationuniversity of kentCanterbury CT2 7NRUK department of biology college of natural sciencesjimma universityJimmaEthiopia wageningen university&research laboratory of geo-information science and remote sensingDroevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands center for international forestry research(cifor) Situ GedeSindang BarangBogor 16680Indonesia departamento de biología área de botánicauniversidad autónoma de madridcalle Darwin 2-28049 MadridESSpain conservation ecology research unit university of pretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Af

Background： Canopy structure, defined by leaf area index （LAI）, fractional vegetation cover （FCover） and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation （fAPAR）, regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics. Methods： Here, we introduce the Global LAI database： a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents （Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas）. We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences. Results： Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. Canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active （within protected areas） and passive measures （through topography）. Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures （e.g. human population） do not improve the model. Conclusions： We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. Climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect.

关键词： Leaf area index Fractional vegetation cover Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,Human population pressure Protected areas Drought Climate change

环境温度和饲料类型对生长期新西兰母兔水平衡的影响

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家畜生态学报 1992年第3期25卷 13-17页

作者：金岭梅 D.j.Farrell E.thomson 甘肃草原生态研究所兰州市730020 澳大利亚新英格兰大学动物生理营养系

用6只新西兰生长期母兔进行水平衡的测定。试兔均单笼饲养在代谢笼内。分别在20±2℃和30±2℃的环境温度下暴食高、低两种粗纤维含量不同的日粮。日粮营养水平实测,分别为12.22Kj ME/kg 干物质和13.49Mj ME/kg 干物质;粗蛋白质水平分别... 详细信息

用6只新西兰生长期母兔进行水平衡的测定。试兔均单笼饲养在代谢笼内。分别在20±2℃和30±2℃的环境温度下暴食高、低两种粗纤维含量不同的日粮。日粮营养水平实测,分别为12.22Kj ME/kg 干物质和13.49Mj ME/kg 干物质;粗蛋白质水平分别为17.3%和21.6%;NDF 分别为23.7%和16.5%。试验结果表明:环境温度和饲料类型对兔的水平衡均无显著影响(P>0.05);总摄入水和总失水两项指标,采食高粗纤维日粮的试兔,在20±2℃时分别为146.2和139.6g/天,在30±2℃时分别为157.5和121.5g/天;采食低粗纤维日粮的试兔,在20±2℃时分别为160.2和***/天,在30±2℃时,分别为173.6和150.6g/天,各处理间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。环境温度极显著地影响(P<0.01)饮水对采食的比值,20±2℃时为1.6;1,30±2℃时为2.3:1。代谢水(y)与饲料采食量(x)间呈强正相关(r=0.98,n=24),y=0.57x-3.68,每公斤体重的蒸发水(y)与饲料采食量(x)呈正相关(r=0.59,n=18),y=0.96x+0.25,20±2℃时,采食高、低粗纤维水平日粮的试兔,蒸发水占丢失水分别为49%和44%,30±2℃时,两日粮均为44%。

关键词：新西兰母兔环境温度饲料类型代谢水蒸发水

Mass Transport in Nanowire Synthesis:An Overview of Scalable Nanomanufacturing

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第6期31卷 523-532页

作者： Matthew j.Crane Peter j.Pauzauskie Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195-1750.USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering Seattle.WA 98195-2120USA Fundamental Computational Science Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichland.WAUSA

The ability to rationally engineer the growth and nanomanufacturing of one-dimensional nanowires in high volumes has the potential to enable applications of nanoscale materials in a diverse range of fields including energy conversion and storage,catalysis,sensing,medicine,and information *** review provides a roadmap for the development of large-scale nanowire *** myriad techniques exist for bench-scale nanowire synthesis,these growth strategies typically fall within two major categories:1) anisotropically-catalyzed growth and 2) confined,template-based ***,comparisons between growth methods with different mass transport pathways have led to confusion in interpreting observations,in particular Gibbs-thomson *** review mass transport in nanowire synthesis techniques to unify growth models and to allow for direct comparison of observations across different *** addition,we discuss the applicability of nanoscale,Gibbs-thomson effects on mass transport and provide guidelines for the development of new growth *** explore the scalability of these complex processes with dimensionless numbers and consider the effects of pressure,temperature,and precursor material on nanowire growth.

关键词： Nanowire Mass transport Modeling Scalable growth

光照对肉用仔鸡“突然死亡综合症”影响的研究

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动物医学进展 1980年第3期 35-38页

作者： j.C.ONONIWU R.G.thomson 林秉诚

研究了肉用仔鸡群发生“突然死亡综合症”的死亡率,也研究了公母鸡综合症发病率的差异,和大多数病鸡的年龄影响。测定了突然死亡综合症病鸡的体重并与群平均体重进行了比较,对连续光照与间断光照对病鸡的影响进行了对比。结果表明:连续... 详细信息

研究了肉用仔鸡群发生“突然死亡综合症”的死亡率,也研究了公母鸡综合症发病率的差异,和大多数病鸡的年龄影响。测定了突然死亡综合症病鸡的体重并与群平均体重进行了比较,对连续光照与间断光照对病鸡的影响进行了对比。结果表明:连续光照发生的“突然死亡综合症”(SDS)比间断光照发生的多,公鸡的发病率比母鸡高;死亡率最高的时期为第3周龄和第4周龄,SDS病鸡的平均体重大于群平均体重。

关键词：肉用仔鸡突然死亡光照死亡率

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