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Sonicating bees demonstrate flexible pollen extraction without instrumental learning

Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 425-436页

作者： Callin M. Switzer Avery L. Russell Daniel R. Papaj Stacey A. Combes robin hopkins Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Arnold Arboretum Harvard University Boston MA USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA Department of Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior University of California at Davis Davis CA USA Department of Biology and eScience Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA

Pollen collection is necessary for bee survival and important for flowering plant reproduction, yet if and how pollen extraction motor routines are modified with experience is largely unknown. Here, we used an automated reward and monitoring system to evaluate modification in a common pollen-extraction routine, floral sonication. Through a series of laboratory experiments with the bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, we examined whether variation in sonication frequency and acceleration is due to instrumental learning based on rewards, a fixed behavioral response to rewards, and/or a mechanical constraint. We first investigated whether bees could learn to adjust their sonication frequency in response to pollen rewards given only for specified frequency ranges and found no evidenee of instrumental learning. However, we found that absenee versus receipt of a pollen reward did lead to a predictable behavioral resp on se, which depe nded on bee size. Fin ally, we found some evide nee of mechanical con straints, in that flower mass affected sonication acceleration (but not frequency) through an interaction with bee size. In generalz larger bees showed more flexibility in sonication frequency and acceleration, potentially reflecting a size-based constraint on the range over which smaller bees can modify frequency and accelerati on. Overall our results show that although bees did not display instrumental learning of sonication frequency, their sonication motor routine is nevertheless flexible.

关键词： Bombus impatiens buzz pollination foraging innate behavior learned behavior Solanum

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New perspectives on robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy:An analysis of the National Cancer Database

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第1期15卷 60-71页

作者： Aleksandr Kalabin Vishnu R Mani robin L Kruse Chase Schlesselman Kai Yu Li Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll Eric T Kimchi Department of Surgery University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21287United States

BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a common *** all advancements,the prognosis remains,poor with an overall 5-year survival of only 10.8%.Recently,a robotic platform has become an attractive tool for treating pancreatic cancer(PC).While recent studies indicated improved lymph node(LN)harvest during robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),data on long-term outcomes are *** To evaluate absolute LN harvest during *** outcomes included evaluating the association between LN harvest and short-and long-term oncological outcomes for three different surgical *** We conducted an analysis of the National Cancer Database,including patients diagnosed with PC who underwent open,laparoscopic,or robotic PD in ***-way analysis of variance was used to compare continuous variables,chi-square test-for *** survival was defined as the time between surgery and *** survival time was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method,and groups were compared with the Wilcoxon test.A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of covariates with survival after controlling for patient characteristics and procedure *** 17169 patients were included,8859(52%)males;mean age 65;14509(85%)white.13816(80.5%)patients had an open PD,2677(15.6%)and 676(3.9%)-laparoscopic and robotic PD *** comorbidity index(Charlson-Deyo Score)*** average,18.84 LNs were *** LN harvest during open,laparoscopic and robotic PD was 18.59,19.65 and 20.70 respectively(P<0.001).On average 2.49 LNs were positive for cancer and did not differ by the procedure type(P=0.26).Vascular invasion was noted in 42.6%of LNs and did differ by the approach:42.1%for open,44.0%for laparoscopic and 47.2%for robotic PD(P=0.015).Median survival for open PD was 26.1 mo,laparoscopic-27.2 mo,robotic-29.1 mo(P=0.064).Survival was associated with higher LN harvest,while higher number of positive LNs was assoc

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Robotic surgery National Cancer Database

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Scaling up of trachoma mapping in Salima District, Central Malawi

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Health 2014年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Khumbo Kalua Isaac Singini Mavuto Mukaka Kelias Msyamboza Michael Masika robin Bailey Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine University of Malawi Blantyre Malawi Blantyre Institute for Community Ophthalmology Lions Sight First Eye Hospital Blantyre Malawi John hopkins Research Project University of Malawi College of Medicine Blantyre Malawi London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK Malawi Liverpool Welcome Trust (MLWT) College of Medicine Blantyre Ministry of Health Lilongwe Malawi World Health Organisation Lilongwe Malawi

Background: A number of suspected endemic districts with Trachoma have not been mapped in Malawi, and this contributes to delays for scaling up trachoma control activities. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of trachoma and associated risk factors in one of the suspected endemic districts (Salima District) in central Malawi and to generate information to guide policy decisions. Methods: A population-based survey conducted in randomly selected clusters in Salima District (population 418,672), centralMalawi. Children aged 1-9 years and adults aged 15 and above were assessed for clinical signs of trachoma. Results: In total, 884 households were enumerated within 36 clusters. A total of 2765 persons were examined for ocular signs of trachoma. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) among children aged 1-9 years was 17.1% (95% CI 14.9-19.4). The prevalence of trachoma trichiasis (TT) in women aged 15 years and above was 1.3% (CI 0.7-2.3), while the prevalence in men was zero. The presence of a dirty face and lack of sanitation were significantly associated with trachoma follicular (P 10%), and warrants the trachoma SAFE (Surgery, Antibiotics, Face washing and Environmental hygiene) control strategy to be undertaken in Salima District.

关键词： Malawi Trachoma Prevalence Risk Factors Blindness Trichiasis Follicles

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Antagonism between ambient ozone increase and urbanization-oriented population migration on Chinese cardiopulmonary mortality

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 48-58页

作者： Haitong Zhe Sun Junchao Zhao Xiang Liu Minghao Qiu Huizhong Shen Serge Guillas Chiara Giorio Zosia Staniaszek Pei Yu Michelle W.L.Wan Man Mei Chim Kim robin van Daalen Yilin Li Zhenze Liu Mingtao Xia Shengxian Ke Haifan Zhao Haikun Wang Kebin He Huan Liu Yuming Guo Alexander T.Archibald lYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD 21205USA State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518p55China Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK The Alan Turing Institute London NW12DBUK School of Public Heath and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelboumeVIC 3004Australia British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB18RNUK Heart and Lung Research Institute University of CambridgeCambridge CB20BDUK Baroelona Supercomputing Center Department of Earth Sciences08034 BarcelonaSpain School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Mathematics University of CaliformiaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing KeyLaboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature ***,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been ***,we assess populationcale 03 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological *** find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing 03 exposure by 4.3±2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic *** residents are broadly exposed to 9.8±4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens,and thus urbaniza-tion-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total *** excess premature deaths attributable to longterm 03 exposure,373,500(95%uncertainty interval[U]:240,600-510,900)in 2019,is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular *** 03 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.

关键词： ambient urban urbanization

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Selecting suitable solid organ transplant donors: Reducing the risk of donor-transmitted infections

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World Journal of Transplantation 2014年第2期4卷 43-56页

作者： Christopher S Kovacs Jr Christine E Koval David van Duin Amanda Guedes de Morais Blanca E Gonzalez robin K Avery Steven D Mawhorter Kyle D Brizendine Eric D Cober Cyndee Miranda Rabin K Shrestha Lucileia Teixeira Sherif B Mossad Department of Infectious Diseases Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Infectious Diseases Immunocom-promised Host Infectious Disease ProgramUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599United States Infectious Disease and Internal Medicine Augusta HealthFishersvilleVA 22939United States Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Cleveland Clinic Children’sClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Infectious Disease (Transplant/On-cology) Johns HopkinsBaltimoreMD 21205United States

Selection of the appropriate donor is essential to a successful allograft recipient outcome for solid organ transplantation. Multiple infectious diseases have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient via transplantation. Donor-transmitted infections cause increased morbidity and mortality to the recipient. In recent years, a series of high-profile transmissions of infections have occurred in organ recipients prompt-ing increased attention on the process of improving the selection of an appropriate donor that balances the shortage of needed allografts with an approach that mitigates the risk of donor-transmitted infection to the recipient. Important advances focused on improving donor screening diagnostics, using previously excluded high-risk donors, and individualizing the selection of allografts to recipients based on their prior infection history are serving to increase the donor pool and improve outcomes after transplant. This article serves to review the relevant literature surrounding this topic and to provide a suggested approach to the selection of an appropriate solid organ transplant donor.

关键词： Donor selection Infection Transplantation Mass screening Treatment outcome

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Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第5期13卷 16-29页

作者： Means Arianna Rubin ásbj?rnsdóttir Kristjana Hr?nn Sharrock Katherine C. Galagan Sean R. Aruldas Kumudha Avokpaho Euripide Chabi Félicien Halliday Katherine E. Houngbegnon Parfait Israel Gideon John Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kennedy David Legge Hugo Oswald William E. Palanisamy Gokila Rogers Elliott Timothy Joseph Pearman Emily Ramesh Rohan Michael Simwanza James Sheik-Abdullah Jasmine Farzana Sheikh Mariyam Togbevi Comlanvi Innocent Witek-McManus Stefan Pullan Rachel L. Bailey robin Kalua Khumbo Ibikounlé Moudachirou Luty Adrian J. F. Ajjampur Sitara S. R. Walson Judd L. Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA The DeWormProject University of Washington Seattle Washington USA Centre of Public Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin Department of Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp Tropical Medicine London UK Global Health Division International Development Group Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International Research Triangle Park NC USA Division of Medicine University College London London UK Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach Lions Sight First Eye Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Paris Cité Institut de Recherche pour le Développement MERIT Paris F-75006 France Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster *** From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects *** Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and *** It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings,

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Mass drug administration Albendazole Community Coverage

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