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Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2151-2161页

作者： Tiago silva Ying NIU Tyler TOWLES Sebe BROWN Graham PHEAD Wade WALKER Fangneng HUANG Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana 70817USA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisiana 71295USA Dean Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisiana 71302USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouri 63017USA

In the U.S.,Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)*** of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the *** this study,two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant(VT2P-RR),a susceptible,and an F1 heterozygous(VT2P-RS)populations of *** on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize *** Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105,Cry1Ab,Cry1F,Cry2Ab2,and Vip3Aa20 *** the laboratory,neonates of the three *** populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1-R2 plant stages;and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate *** three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize *** numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize,while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing *** results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant *** was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize,and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant *** resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** effective dominance levels varied greatly,from recessive to incompletely dominant,depending on maize hybrids and trials,suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in ***.

关键词： corn earworm Cry1A/Cry2A effective dominance incomplete resistance Bt maize resistance management

Phytotoxic Effects of 4-Chlorophenol and 2,4-Dichlorophenol in the Germination of Seeds of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>and <i>zea mayz</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 614-623页

作者： Irasema Pérez-Portuondo Manuel Serrat-Díaz Rosa M. Pérez-silva Arelis Ábalos-Rodríguez Industrial Biotechnology Studies Center University of Orient Santiago de Cuba Cuba

Soil contaminated with pesticides may reduce plant development due to their toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on the germination of zea mayz and Phaseolus vulgaris of the two main intermedi... 详细信息

Soil contaminated with pesticides may reduce plant development due to their toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on the germination of Zea mayz and Phaseolus vulgaris of the two main intermediates of the 2,4-D degradation, which are 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Maize and bean seeds were treated with distilled water (control treatment) and increased concentrations of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP (0.006, 0.1, 1.0, 1.5 g·L-1). It was assessed seed germination and calculated various parameters. The parameter most affected by chlorophenols was the index of germination rate, being the P. vulgaris seeds most affected. 2,4-DCP was the compound most toxic for both plants. The germination index was dependent doses for both plant models tested. The results indicate that 4-CP and 2,4-DCP affected the index of germination rate but not influenced in other parameters of germination of Zea mayz and Phaseolus vulgaris. Maize was most tolerance to both chlorophenols in the assessed concentrations. 2,4-DCP was the most toxic of chlorophenols tested.

关键词： Chlorophenol Bean Maize Phytotoxicity Seed Germination

Mean and Interannual Variability of Maize and Soybean in Brazil under Global Warming Conditions

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第4期2卷 237-253页

作者： Flávio Justino Evandro Chaves Oliveira Rafael de Avila Rodrigues Paulo Henrique Lopes Goncalves Paulo Jorge Oliveira Ponte Souza Frode Stordal José Marengo Thieres G.da silva Rafael Coll Delgado Douglas da silva Lindemann Luiz Claudio Costa Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola Universidade Federal de ViçosaVicosaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Instituto Sócio-Ambiental e dos Recursos HídricosBelémBrazil Department of Geosciences University of OsloOsloNorway Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais Cachoeira PaulistaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Unidade Academica de Serra TalhadaSerra TalhadaBrazil Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Florestas/Departamento de Ciencias AmbientaisSeropédicaBrazil

Brazil is responsible for 27% of the world production of soybeans and 7% of maize. Mato Grosso and Para states in Brazil are among the largest producer. The viability to the cultivation of maize (zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max), for future climate scenarios (2070-2100, GHG) is evaluated based on crop modeling (DSSAT) forced by observational data and regional climate simulations (HadRM3). The results demonstrated that a substantial reduction in the yield in particular for maize may be expected for the end of the 21st century. Distinct results are found for soybeans. By applying the A2 climate changes scenario, soybean yield rises by up top 60% assuming optimum soil treatment and no water stress. However, by analyzing the inter-annual variability of crop yields for both maize and soybean, could be demonstrated larger year-to-year fluctuations under greenhouse warming conditions as compared to current conditions, leading to very low productivity by the end of the 21st century. Therefore, these Brazilian states do not appear to be economically suitable for a future cultivation of maize and soybeans. Improved adaptation measures and soil management may however partially alleviate the negative climate change effect.

关键词： Climate Changes Soybeans Maize

Residual Effect of Zinc Application Doses and Methods on Nutrition and Productivity of Corn

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第2期6卷 298-305页

作者： Gabriela Furtado Mari Renato de M. Prado Anelisa de Aquino Vidal Lacerda Soares Gustavo Caione Cid Naudi silva Campos Departamento de Solos e Adubos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Univesidade do Estado de S&atildeo Paulo/UNESP Jaboticabal Brazil Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios Marília Brazil Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) Alta Floresta Brazil

Zinc is the micronutrient that presents the greatest response in corn grain production. However, the mode of application and the dose used are decisive factors with respect to fertilizer efficiency in the crop. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the residual effect of zinc application methods and rates on corn nutrition and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Teaching, Research and Production Farm of the FCAV/UNESP. Soil in the area is classified as dystrophic Dark-Red Latosol (dRL). The experimental setup consisted of a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included three localized Zn doses applied to the soil (planting row);three Zn doses incorporated into the soil at depth of 0 - 20 cm;foliar application, seed application and treatment without addition of Zn. Two evaluations of growth during cultivation were performed. Grain productivity of the crop and the zinc content in soil, leaves and seeds were evaluated. Foliar spraying with Zn simultaneously promoted increased leaf Zn content and basal diameter of the plant. The Zn contents in grains and in the soil, as well as grain yield, were not affected by the Zn application methods or the applied doses. The residual effect of incorporated Zn doses was observed only in the basal diameter and number of leaves at 60 days after emergence.

关键词： zea mays L. Fertilization Fertilizer Management Micronutrient

Artemether confers neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic injury through stimulation of the Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB signaling pathway

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Artemether confers neuroprotection on cerebral ischemic inju...

Use of Silicon in Mitigating Ammonium Toxicity in Maize Plants

世界中医药学会联合会老年医学专业委员会2021年学术年会暨中国中西医结合学会慢病防治与管理专业委员会第四次学术年会

作者： Tangming Peng Shuai Li Tangming Peng Xia Zhao Marta silva Linlin Liu Wenshu Zhou Ligang Chen Wenhua Zheng Department of Pharmaceutical science Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau Center of Reproduction Development & Aging Faculty of Health Sciences University of Macau

Objective: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability among adults. Despite the economic burden of the disease, available treatment options are still very limited. Currently, the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA) is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, its use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window and only 3-8.5% of patients benefit from it. With the exception of anti-thrombolytics and hypothermia, current therapies fail to reduce neuronal injury, neurological deficits and mortality rates, suggesting that the development of novel and more effective therapies against ischemic stroke is urgent. Methods: In our study, the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion(MCAO) model was established and the cerebral blood flow(CBF) was measured by a laser doppler flowmetry. The zea-Longa Scale was used to assess the neurological function of MCAO models and a grip strength meter and a hot plate were used to assess the grip strength and the recovery of the sensory function of the animals. Moreover, the MWM was used to test the learning and memory abilities of the animals. After these, TTC staining was used to evaluate the size of the infarct volume in MCAO model groups and Pathological changes was evaluated by H&E Staining, Nissl Staining and Immunofluorescence. The phosphorylation level of proteins was measured by western blotting using antibodies directed to phosphorylation sites. Results: In this study, we found that artemether, which has been used in the clinic as an anti-malarial drug, was able to improve the neurological deficits, improved the grip strength, the recovery of sensory function and the learning and memory abilities, attenuate the infarction volume and the brain water content in a MCAO animal model. Furthermore, artemether treatment significantly attenuated MCAO induced cell injury, suppressed cell apoptosis, stimulated cell proliferation, attenuated oxidative stress and promoted the ph

关键词： Artemether MCAO model apoptosis Erk1/2-P90rsk-CREB

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1780-1784页

作者： Cid Naudi silva Campos Renato de Mello Prado Cassiano Garcia Roque Antonio Joao de Lima Neto Luiz Junior Pereira Marques Aridênia Peixoto Chaves Claudia Amaral Cruz Department of Soils and Fertilizers Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Soils and Fertilizers Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Chapad&atildeo do Sul Brazil Universidade Federal de Viçosa Vi&ccedilosa Brazil Department of Applied Biology and Agriculture Universidade Estadual Paulista/FCAV Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Plant Science Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido Mossoró Brazil M.Sc. in Agronomy Natal Brazil

Silicon is a beneficial element that can mitigate abiotic stresses, such as ammonium toxicity. The objective herein was to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) on mitigating toxicity caused by excess ammonium in maize plants grown in nutrient solution. An experiment was conducted with maize plants (cultivar DKB 390 VT Pro II) grown in a greenhouse in pots (8 L) in a hydroponic system. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial, consisting of two ammonium concentrations (30 and 60 mmol·L-1) in the absence and presence of Si (10 mmol·L-1), arranged in a completely randomized design with six repetitions. At 28 days after applying the treatments the dry mass of shoots and roots was evaluated, along with accumulation of silicon and nitrogen in the shoots. The use of silicon resulted in increases in the studied variables, regardless of ammonium concentrations. Silicon reduced the effect of toxicity caused by ammonium excess in maize plants, resulting in greater growth and dry matter accumulation.

关键词： zea mays L. Beneficial Element Nitrogen Nutritional Disorder Abiotic Stress

zea mays L. Pollen： An Approach to Its Quality Control

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第8期5卷 513-522页

作者： Maria Graca Campos Norma Almaraz-Abarca] Miguel Pires Matos Nelson Mortagua Gomesl VanildaAparecida Arruda Ortrud Monika Barth Alex silva Freitas D6bora Cristina Amancio' Ligia Bicudo Almeida-Muradian Coimbra Chemistry Center Faculty of Sciences and Technology and Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra Polo 111Azinhaga de Santa Comba Coimbra 3000-548 Portugal Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Integral Regional Development-Durango National Polytechnic Institute Sigma 119 20 deNoviembre 11 Durango 34220 DGO Mexico Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition Pharmaceutical Science School University of S6o Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes580 Bloco 14 CEP055800-000 Sao Paulo Brazil Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fundaao Oswaldo Cruz Avenida Brasi14365 Rio de Janeiro 21040-900 Brazil

zea mays L. is one of the biggest cropping systems among the sustainable development agronomy. Pollen from this crop source is unexplored and apiculture can be a good partner adding value to the product and creating new jobs helping to solve some social issues as unemployment. However, food safety is crucial, thus the aim of this study was to explore the flavonoid/phenolic profiles from Z. mays L. pollen as a fingerprint for this plant identification and also to demonstrate how the method of bee pollen samples （honeybee collected pollen） is applied. For this purpose, several sources ofZ. mays L. pollen were analyzed, including corn hybrids and genetic modified samples collected at the breeding fields. For this work, samples were taken at several years from 2000 to 2012 and collected from different countries and locations, such as Portugal, Mexico and Brazil. Results showed, for the first time, that the fingerprint （flavonoid/phenolic profile） for Z. mays L. pollen does not change over the time of sampling neither with the region of harvesting. The high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC/DAD） fingerprints of phenolic/flavonoid extract from Z. mays remain unchanged for all samples analyzed from different countries, hybrids and/or genetic modified plants. This is also the first study reporting these phenolic compounds not only in pollen collected directly from hybrid plants, but also in Z. mays bee pollen. The described fingerprinting method is easy, fast and accurate for the characterization of Z. mays L. pollen samples and complete microscopic analysis because it is species-specific.

关键词： Flavonoids phenols zea mays pollen bee pollen food safely phenolic fingerprinting palynological analysis oxygenradical absorbance capacity (ORAC).

Genetic Distance Estimated by RAPD Markers and Performance of Topcross Hybrids in Popcorn

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1666-1673页

作者： Silvia Graciele Hülse de Souza Valéria Carpentieri-Pípolo Deoclécio Domingos Garbúglio Nelson da silva Fonseca Júnior Claudete de Fátima Ruas Paulo Maurício Ruas Laboratory of Molecular Biology Universidade ParanaenseUmuaramaBrazil Agronomy Department Universidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil Instituto Agronomico do Paraná LondrinaBrazil Biology Department Universidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of 14 popcorn populations and a broad genetic base tester using molecular RAPD markers and to estimate the correlation between the genetic distances and the performance of top-cross hybrids. For the evaluation of populations and hybrids resulting from topcrosses, the reduced model of Gardner was used. A genetic distance matrix was generated based on RAPD markers by Jaccard coefficient, and a dendrogram was constructed. In general, topcrosses performed better than the populations per se and evidenced heterosis occurrence in topcrosses. The trait grain weight is influenced by additive as much as by dominance effects. Genetic associations separated the populations in three groups, and RAPD showed to be a useful tool to determine the extension of genetic diversity in popcorn populations and to place genotypes in distinct heterotic groups. Correlations between genetic divergences, detected by RAPD, and the means observed in the topcross crosses were positive and non-significant for expansion volume, plant height, and female flowering, and were negative for grain weight.

关键词： zea mays L. Heterotic Groups Molecular Markers Testers Expansion Volume Yield

Comparison of Experimental Methods to Assess the Competitive Ability of Weed Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2185-2196页

作者： Leandro Galon Germani Concenco Gismael Francisco Perin Alexandre Ferreira da silva Cesar Tiago Forte Felipe de Adelio David Lauri Lourenco Radüz André Luiz Radunz André Andres Siumar Pedro Tironi Samara Emerim Concenco Plant Science Department Federal University of the Southern Border Erechim Brazil Weed Science Embrapa Western Agriculture Dourados Brazil Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete Lagoas Brazil Weed Science Embrapa Temperate Agriculture Pelotas Brazil Plant Science Department Federal University of the Southern Border Chapecó Brazil Federal Institute of Santa Catarina at Santa Rosa do Su-SC Santa Rosa do Sul Brazil

Competition between crops and weeds interfere on growth and development with harm to one or both, in different ways. To quantify these differences in competition, additive and replacement series study methods are most often used, each with different characteristics and goals. Therefore, we aimed with this work to study inter-specific competition between plants of soybean and corn against the weeds Bidens pilosa (beggartick) and Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), by two experimental methods of study: additive and replacement series (substitutive) experiments. Initial tests were performed prior to the installation of replacement series experiments to describe the intra-specific competition features for all species. For additive experiments these are unnecessary. To compare the methods of study, there were two sets of trials (an additive and a substitutive) installed under greenhouse, during the growing season 2013/14. Variables analyzed were leaf area and dry weight of shoots of crops and weeds, at 50 days after emergence. The results were analyzed according to the methods used, these being compared. It was found that the additive method supplied results most prone to be applied in the field, while the replacement series (substitutive) method was more appropriate for studies that aimed to provide detailed scientific information regarding the proportions of plants and coefficients describing the behavior of the species community.

关键词： Interference zea mays Glycine max Weeds