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Quasi-4-dimension ionospheric modeling and its application in PPP

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Satellite Navigation 2022年第3期3卷 207-220,I0005页

作者： Shengfeng Gu Chengkun Gan Chengpeng He Haixia Lyu Manuel hernandez-Pajares Yidong Lou Jianghui Geng Qile Zhao GNSS Research Center Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan430079China Hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan430079China UPC-IonSAT/IEEC-UPC UPC Mod.C3 Campus Nord UPCc/Jordi Girona 1-3BarcelonaSpain

Ionospheric delay modeling is not only important for Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)based space weather study and monitoring,but also an efficient tool to speed up the convergence time of Precise Point Positioning(PPP).In this study,a novel model,denoted as Quasi-4-Dimension Ionospheric Modeling(Q4DIM)is proposed for wide-area high precision ionospheric delay *** Q4DIM,the Line Of Sight(LOS)ionospheric delays from a GNSS station network are divided into different clusters according to not only the location of latitude and longitude,but also satellite elevation and *** Global Ionosphere Map(GIM)and Slant Ionospheric Delay(SID)models that are traditionally used for wide-area and regional ionospheric delay modeling,respectively,can be regarded as the special cases of Q4DIM by defining proper grids in latitude,longitude,elevation,and ***,Q4DIM presents a resilient model that is capable for both wide-area coverage and high *** different sets of clusters are defined to illustrate the properties of Q4DIM based on 200 EUREF Permanent Network(EPN)*** results indicate that Q4DIM is compatible with the GIM ***,it is proved that by inducting the elevation and azimuth angle dependent residuals,the precision of the 2-dimensional GIM-like model,i.e.,Q4DIM 2-Dimensional(Q4DIM-2D),is improved from around 1.5 Total Electron Content Units(TECU)to better than 0.5 *** addition,treating Q4DIM as a 4-dimensional matrix in latitude,longitude,elevation,and azimuth,whose sparsity is less than 5%,can result in its feasibility in a bandwidth-sensitive applications,e.g.,satellite-based Precising Point Positioning Real-Time Kinematic(PPP-RTK)***,the advantages of Q4DIM in PPP over the 2-dimensional models are demonstrated with the one month's data from 30 EPN stations in both high solar activity year 2014 and low solar activity year 2020.

关键词： Undifferenced and uncombined observation Ionosphere delay modeling PPP Design Wide-area

Historical relationships of the Mesoamerican highlands,with emphasis on tropical montane cloud forests:a temporal cladistic biogeographical analysis

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第1期20卷 129-140页

作者： CASTRO-TORREBLANCA Marisol ESPINOSA David BUENO-hernandez Alfredo LUNA-VEGA Isolda Biological Sciences Graduate Program Coordination of Graduate StudiesNational Autonomous University of MexicoUniversity CityCoyoacán04510Mexico CityMexico Comparative Biology and Biodiversity Research Unit Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaNational Autonomous University of MexicoAv.Batalla del 5 de mayo s/nCol.Ejército de Oriente09230Mexico CityMexico Laboratory of Biogeography and Systematics Department of Evolutionary BiologyFaculty of SciencesNational Autonomous University of MexicoUniversity CityCoyoacán04510Mexico CityMexico

The historical relationships of nine areas of endemism of the tropical montane cloud forests(TMCFs)were analysed based on a temporal cladistic biogeographical *** cladistic biogeographical analyses were conducted based on 29cladograms of terrestrial taxa by partitioning them into three time-slices,namely,Miocene,Pliocene,and *** results showed different area relationships over *** the Miocene and Pliocene time slices,the Isthmus of Tehuantepec acted as a geographic barrier that fragmented the TMCFs into two portions:west of the Isthmus and east of the *** the case of the Pleistocene,the TMCFs were broken into two portions,one related to the Neotropical region and the other to the Nearctic ***,the analyses allowed us to detect the influences of different geological and paleoclimatological events on the distribution of the TMCFs over ***,the TMCFs current distribution might have been driven by geological events during the Miocene-Pliocene,whereas climatic fluctuations have the highest impact during the Pleistocene.

关键词： Dispersal Evolutionary biogeography Paralogy free subtree analysis Vicariance

Electric scooter injuries:Incidence and injury patterns at a level I trauma center

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第6期26卷 334-338页

作者： Nina D.Fisher Ekenedilichukwu Nwakoby Hunter hernandez Toni M.McLaurin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Langone Orthopedic HospitalNew York UniversityNew YorkUnited States Department of Orthopedic Surgery HealthþHospitals/Bellevue New York CityNew YorkUnited States

Purpose:Electric scooters(e-scooters)have become an increasingly popular mode of public transportation in recent *** the incidence of related injuries rises,it is important to understand specific fracture patterns unique to e-scooters and electric bikes(e-bikes)to help guide *** purpose of this study was to review the prevalence and describe specific fracture patterns of e-scooter and ebike related injuries at the busiest level 1 trauma center in the borough of ***:Chart review to determine mechanism of injury was performed on all patients for whom an orthopedic consult was requested from 1/1/2021 to 12/31/*** patients whose injuries were sustained due to an e-scooter or e-bike were further reviewed for demographics,injury characteristics including fracture pattern,and definitive injury *** patients who had an orthopedic consult placed for a reason other than an acute injury were *** statistics are reported as frequency(percentage)for categorical variables and means for continuous ***:Of the 1815 orthopedic consults requested,1357(74.8%)were for acute injury *** those with acute injuries,119(8.8%)sustained 136 e-scooter or e-bike related *** were 92(77.3%)males at an average age of(33.8±15.7)*** one-fifth of all patients presented in June 2021(26,21.8%).There was a 9.2%rate of open *** 136 injuries were evenly split between the upper and lower extremities,with 57(47.9%)upper extremity,57(47.9%)lower extremity injuries,and 5(4.2%)concomitant upper and lower extremity *** most common fracture patterns were ankle fractures(16,11.7%),followed by tibial shaft(14,10.2%),tibial plateau(13,9.5%),and radial head fractures(11,8.0%).There was a 33.3%incidence of associated posterior malleolar fractures in the spiral tibial shaft fractures,31.0%of posterior malleolar involvement and 18.8%of isolated vertical medial malleolar fractures in the ankle

关键词： Electric scooter Electric bike Tibial shaft Ankle fractures Tibial plateau fractures

在银行业管理人工智能:我们准备好合作了吗?

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金融市场研究 2024年第6期 98-102页

作者：帕布罗·埃尔南德斯·德·科斯喻雪莹(编译) 巴塞尔银行监管委员会西班牙中央银行不详

1986年,历史学家梅尔文·克兰兹伯格发表了《技术六定律》,其将“技术既不好也不坏;它也不是中性的”列为首位定律(Kranzberg,1986)。这一观点可以无缝地适用于当下对银行业应用人工智能和机器学习的讨论中。关于在银行业中使用生成式... 详细信息

1986年,历史学家梅尔文·克兰兹伯格发表了《技术六定律》,其将“技术既不好也不坏;它也不是中性的”列为首位定律(Kranzberg,1986)。这一观点可以无缝地适用于当下对银行业应用人工智能和机器学习的讨论中。关于在银行业中使用生成式人工智能(Generative AI)和大型语言模型(Large Language Models)的前景和陷阱的讨论正变得越来越普遍。

关键词：人工智能机器学习语言模型银行业生成式

Empirical Assessment of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine to Combat COVID-19

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 213-231页

作者： Nikita Jain Vedika Gupta Chinmay Chakraborty Agam Madan Deepali Virmani Lorenzo Salas-Morera Laura Garcia-hernandez Department of Computer Science&Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of EngineeringNew Delhi110063India Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering Birla Institute of TechnologyMesra814142India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of TechnologyNew Delhi110063India Area of Project Engineering University of CórdobaCórdoba14071Spain

COVID-19 has become one of the critical health issues globally,which surfaced first in latter part of the year *** is the topmost concern for many nations’governments as the contagious virus started mushrooming over adjacent regions of infected *** 1980,a vaccine called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)was introduced for preventing tuberculosis and lung *** that have made the BCG vaccine mandatory have witnessed a lesser COVID-19 fatality rate than the countries that have not made it *** paper’s initial research shows that the countries with a longtermcompulsory BCGvaccination system are less affected by COVID-19 than those without a BCG vaccination *** paper discusses analytical data patterns for medical applications regarding COVID-19 impact on countries with mandatory BCG status on fatality *** paper has tackled numerous analytical challenges to realize the full potential of heterogeneous *** analogy is drawn to demonstrate how other factors can affect fatality and infection rates other than BCG vaccination only,such as age groups affected,other diseases,and stringency *** data of Spain,Portugal,and Germany have been taken for a case study of BCG impact analysis.

关键词： Bacillus Calmette-Guérin COVID-19 fatality rate lockdown gross domestic product vaccine

The role of the TrkB-T1 receptor in the neurotrophin-4/5 antagonism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on corticostriatal synaptic transmission

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 1973-1976页

作者： Elizabeth hernandez-Echeagaray Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina FES-Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMexicoMexico

This manuscript reviews the function and fundamental characteristics of the neurotrophins and their receptors to introduce the reader to the differential effects exhibited by the neurotrophins;brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5 when acted together after sequential *** neurotrophin 4/5 exhibits an inhibitory action on the modulatory effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in corticostriatal synapses when they are administered sequentially(brain-derived neurotrophic factor to neurotrophin 4/5).This inhibitory effect has not been previously documented and is relevant for these neurotrophins as both of them stimulate the TrkB *** additive effect of these neurotrophins is also discussed and occurs when neurotrophin 4/5 exposure is followed by brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a mouse model of striatal *** and additive effects of both neurotrophins are accompanied by changes in the expression of the TrkB receptor isoforms,specifically TrkB-T1 and TrkB-FL,as well as differences in phosphorylation levels of the TrkB *** results of the experiments described raise several questions to inquire about the role that TrkB-T1 receptor plays in striatal physiology,as well as the functional relevance of the interaction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5 in the brain and more specifically at the striatal circuits in normal as well as pathological conditions.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 4/5 occlusive striatum synergic TrkB-FL TrkB-T1

Using hierarchical spatial models to assess the occurrence of an island endemism: the case of Salamandra corsica

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 199-209页

作者： Daniel Escoriza Axel hernandez GRECO Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Girona17071 GironaSpain Department of Environmental Sciences University Pasquale Paoli20250 CorteFrance.

Background:Island species are vulnerable to rapid extinction,so it is important to develop accurate methods to determine their occurrence and habitat *** this study,we assessed two methods for modeling the occurrence of the Corsican endemic Salamandra corsica,based on macro-ecological and fine habitat *** expected that models based on habitat descriptors would better estimate *** occurrence,because its distribution could be influenced by micro-environmental *** occurrence of *** was modeled according to two ensembles of variables using random ***:Salamandra corsica was mainly found in forested habitats,with a complex vertical *** habitats are associated with more stable environmental *** model based on fine habitat descriptors was better able to predict occurrence,and gave no false *** model based on macro-ecological variables underestimated the occurrence of the species on its ecological boundary,which is important as such locations may facilitate interpopulation ***:Implementing fine spatial resolution models requires greater investment of resources,but this is advisable for study of microendemic species,where it is important to reduce type II error(false negatives).

关键词： Amphibian Corsica Mediterranean islands Microhabitat Salamander

DNA Barcodes in Fig Cultivars (Ficus carica L.) Using ITS Regions of Ribosomal DNA, the psbA-trnH Spacer and the matK Coding Sequence

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 95-102页

作者： Carlos Castro alejandro hernandez Luis Alvarado Dora Flores Agribiotecnología de Costa Rica S.A. Alajuela Costa Rica Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) Cartago Costa Rica

Molecular markers provide a useful method for genotype characterization and allow a high precision determination of the genetic relationship between cultivars and varieties. A system based on DNA sequences—which is known as DNA barcoding—will choose one or several standard loci which can be sequenced and compared to differentiate between species. In this research, the ITS, matK, and trnH-psbA sequences were evaluated for the molecular identification of seven F. carica genotypes, generating complete sequences for the first two loci, but unable to produce bidirectional sequences by using the trnH-psbA sequence. The ITS sequence presented the highest variation rates, while the phylogeny constructed with the matK sequence obtained the highest percentage of solved monophyletic groups. Through Pearson’s correlation analysis, it was possible to determine the existence of a significant correlation between the ITS region and psbA-trnH, and the matK and psbA-trnH sequences, but not between ITS and matK. The phylogenies constructed with the ITS + matK barcodes and ITS + matK + psbA-trnH presented the highest percentage for resolution. However, considering the cost efficiency and the facilitated recovery by using PCR, the matK + ITS combination is recommended.

关键词： Ficus carica DNA Barcodes ITS psbA-trnH matK

Buffered microclimate determines the presence of Salamandra corsica

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 1089-1093页

作者： Daniel Escoriza Axel hernandez GRECO Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of Girona17071 GironaSpain Department of Environmental Sciences University Pasquale Paoli20250 CorteFrance

Numerous amphibian species occupy microhabitats with buffered thermal and moisture conditions,typically under forest ***,we assessed whether the insular endemic Salamandra corsica also uses this type of habitat,which could have important implications for its *** used data loggers to record the air temperature and air humidity at 4 h intervals over a period of 2 years,at 13 stations with a confirmed presence of *** data were compared with those recorded at Corsican weather stations and those generated by a climate model(WorldClim 2).The weather station data showed significant deviations from the probe data,by an average of-1.26℃(minimum temperature),+2.61℃(maximum temperature),and-0.04%(relative humidity).Similarly,the WorldClim 2 data showed significant deviations from the probe data,by an average of-2.49°C(minimum temperature)and+1.69℃(maximum temperature).These discrepancies refl ect the use of densely vegetated and topographically complex habitats by ***,which reduce temperature ***,our results highlight the importance of natural vegetal cover in the conservation of populations of this endemic salamander.

关键词： Fire salamander Island endemic Microclimate Probe Threatened species