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Non-celiac gluten sensitivity： questions still to be answered despite increasing awareness

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第5期10卷 383-392页

作者： Umberto Volta Giacomo Caio Francesco Tovoli Roberto De Giorgio department of Medical and Surgical Sciences St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Recently, the increasing number of patients worldwide who are sensitive to dietary gluten without evidence of celiac disease or wheat allergy has contributed to the identification of a new gluten-related syndrome defined as non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Our knowledge regarding this syndrome is still lacking, and many aspects of this syndrome remain unknown. Its pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with a recognized pivotal role for innate immunity; many other factors also contribute, inctuding tow-grade intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal barrier function and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Gluten and other wheat proteins, such as amylase trypsin inhibitors, are the primary triggers of this syndrome, but it has also been hypothesized that a diet rich in fermentable monosaccharides and polyols may elicit its functional gastrointestinal symptoms. The epidemiology of this condition is far from established; its prevalence in the general population is highly variable, ranging from 0.63% to 6%. From a clinical point of view, non-celiac gluten sensitivity is characterized by a wide array of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that occur shortly after the ingestion of gluten and improve or disappear when gluten is withdrawn from the diet. These symptoms recur when gluten is reintroduced. Because diagnostic biomarkers have not yet been identified, a double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge is currently the diagnostic method with the highest accuracy. Future research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a condition that has global acceptance but has only a few certainties and many unresolved issues.

关键词： celiac disease epithelial barrier function gut inflammation non-celiac gluten sensitivity wheat allergy

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma:The state of the art

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第43期17卷 4747-4756页

作者： roberto Ballarin Mario Spaggiari Nicola Cautero Nicola de Ruvo roberto Montalti Cristina Longo Anna Pecchi Patrizia Giacobazzi Giuseppina de Marco Giuseppe D’Amico giorgio Enrico Gerunda Fabrizio Di Benedetto Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Center University of Modena and Reggio Emilia department of Radiology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Unit of Oncological Radiotherapy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Pancreatic metastases are rare,with a reported incidence varying from 1.6%to 11%in autopsy studies of patients with advanced malignancy.In clinical series,the frequency of pancreatic metastases ranges from 2%to 5%of all pancreatic malignant tumors.However,the pancreas is an elective site for metastases from carcinoma of the kidney and this peculiarity has been reported by several studies.The epidemiology,clinical presentation,and treatment of pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma are known from singleinstitution case reports and literature reviews.Thereis currently very limited experience with the surgical resection of isolated pancreatic metastasis,and the role of surgery in the management of these patients has not been clearly defined.In fact,for many years pancreatic resections were associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality,and metastatic disease to the pancreas was considered to be a terminal-stage condition.More recently,a significant reduction in the operative risk following major pancreatic surgery has been demonstrated,thus extending the indication for these operations to patients with metastatic disease.

关键词：胰腺癌肾细胞手术切除状态艺术肿瘤患者恶性肿瘤临床表现

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第19期14卷 2953-2961页

作者： Alexandra Antonucci Lucia Fronzoni Laura Cogliandro Rosanna F Cogliandro Carla Caputo Roberto De Giorgio Francesca Pallotti Giovanni Barbara roberto Corinaldesi Vincenzo Stanghellini department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology University of Bologna

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a se- vere digestive syndrome characterized by derangement of gut propulsive motility which resembles mechanical obstruction, in the absence of any obstructive process. Although uncommon in clinical practice, this syndrome represents one of the main causes of intestinal failure and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. It may be idiopathic or secondary to a variety of diseases. Most cases are sporadic, even though familial forms with either dominant or recessive autosomal inheritance have been described. Based on histological features in- testinal pseudo-obstruction can be classified into three main categories:neuropathies, mesenchymopathies, and myopathies, according on the predominant involvement of enteric neurones, interstitial cells of Cajal or smooth muscle cells, respectively. Treatment of intestinal pseu- do-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases.

关键词：慢性假性肠梗阻免疫组织化学小肠检测肠移植

Enteric neuropathology of congenital intestinal obstruction:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5229-5233页

作者： Giovanni Di Nardo Vincenzo Stanghellini Salvatore Cucchiara Giovanni Barbara Gianandrea Pasquinelli Donatella Santini Cristina Felicani Gianluca Grazi Antonio D Pinna Rosanna Cogliandro Cesare Cremon Alessandra Gori roberto Corinaldesi Kenton M Sanders Roberto De Giorgio department of Pediatrics Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit University of Rome 'La Sapienza' Rome Italy department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology and Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata (CRBA) Rome Italy 不详 department of Pathology and department of Surgery and Transplantation University of Bologna Bologna Italy department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno Nevada United States

试验性的证据显示肠的长期的机械亚吸藏可以损坏伤寒神经系统(ENS ) ，尽管在人的数据正在缺乏。我们这里描述伤寒的第一诉讼与内脏的先天的阻塞有关的退化神经病。3 年的 A 和老女孩开始抱怨了呕吐的 9 瞬间，腹的扩张，有空气液体的... 详细信息

试验性的证据显示肠的长期的机械亚吸藏可以损坏伤寒神经系统(ENS ) ，尽管在人的数据正在缺乏。我们这里描述伤寒的第一诉讼与内脏的先天的阻塞有关的退化神经病。3 年的 A 和老女孩开始抱怨了呕吐的 9 瞬间，腹的扩张，有空气液体的便秘在飞机铺平腹的辐射学。她的随后的病历被 3 操作描绘：首先显示出的扩大 duodeno-jejunal 当闭塞的损害不在时循环；第二(2 年以后) 被执行获得扩大的肠的环的完整厚度的活体检视并且在组织病理学说揭示了 hyperganglionosis；第三(在 hyperganglionosis 以后的 9 年被识别) 揭示了 Ladd 被移开的乐队，联系内脏旋转不良被改正。完整厚度的活体检视显示出的重复 intraoperative 与 Cajal 的减少的空隙的房间一起的退化神经病在 Ladd 的乐队下面在阻塞和正常的神经与肌的层上面在扩大的环联网的伤寒。病人容忍了的在最近的外科以后的一年口头的喂并且很好，建议那先天(部分) 在人的小肠的机械阻塞能唤起类似于在肠的机械吸藏的动物模型发现的那些的 ENS 的进步适应变化。如此的 ENS 变化模仿在肠的伪阻塞观察的神经元畸形。

关键词：肠神经病理学先天性肠阻塞神经系统治疗

Current trends and perspectives in interventional radiology for gastrointestinal cancers

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World Journal of Radiology 2021年第10期13卷 314-326页

作者： Elisa Reitano Nicola de'Angelis giorgio Bianchi Letizia Laera Stavros Spiliopoulos roberto Calbi Riccardo Memeo Riccardo Inchingolo Division of General Surgery Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovara 28100Italy Unit of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Digestive Surgery "F.Miulli"General Regional HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy department of Oncology "F.Miulli"General Regional HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy 2^(nd) department of Radiology School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 12461Greece department of Radiology "F.Miulli"General Regional HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70124Italy Unit of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery "F.Miulli"General Regional HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy Interventional Radiology Unit "F.Miulli"General Regional HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy

Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers often require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,endoscopists,oncologists,and interventional radiologists to diagnose and treat primitive cancers,metastases,and related complications.In this context,interventional radiology(IR)represents a useful minimally-invasive tool allowing to reach lesions that are not easily approachable with other techniques.In the last years,through the development of new devices,IR has become increasingly relevant in the context of a more comprehensive management of the oncologic patient.Arterial embolization,ablative techniques,and gene therapy represent useful and innovative IR tools in GI cancer treatment.Moreover,IR can be useful for the management of GI cancer-related complications,such as bleeding,abscesses,GI obstructions,and neurological pain.The aim of this study is to show the principal IR techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers and related complications,as well as to describe the future perspectives of IR in this oncologic field.

关键词： Interventional radiology Radiology Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Malignancy Embolization

Feeding broiler chickens with arginine above recommended levels:effects on growth performance,metabolism,and intestinal microbiota

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1528-1541页

作者： giorgio Brugaletta Marco Zampiga Luca Laghi Valentina Indio Chiara Oliveri Alessandra de Cesare Federico Sirri department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaOzzano Dell’Emilia40064 BolognaItaly department of Veterinary Medical Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaOzzano Dell’Emilia40064 BolognaItaly department of Physics and Astronomy Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna40127 BolognaItaly

Background Arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens and feeding diets with arginine beyond the recommended levels has been shown to influence the growth performance of broiler chickens in a positive way.Nonetheless,further research is required to understand how arginine supplementation above the widely adopted dosages affects metabolism and intestinal health of broilers.Therefore,this study was designed to assess the effects of arginine supplementation(i.e.,total arginine to total lysine ratio of 1.20 instead of 1.06-1.08 recommended by the breeding company) on growth performance of broiler chickens and to explore its impacts on the hepatic and blood metabolic profiles,as well as on the intestinal microbiota.For this purpose,630 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 2 treatments(7 replicates each) fed a control diet or a crystalline L-arginine-supplemented diet for 49 d.Results Compared to control birds,those supplemented with arginine performed significantly better exhibiting greater final body weight at D49(3778 vs.3937 g;P detes and Lactobacillus salivarius were found in the caecal content of supplemented birds.Conclusions The improvement in growth performance corroborates the advantages of supplementing arginine in broiler nutrition.It can be hypothesized that the performance enhancement found in this study is associated with the increased availability of arginine,betaine,histid

关键词： Arginine Broiler chicken Growth performance Metabolism Microbiota

The effect of operating and design parameter on bubble column performance:The LOPROX case study

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第12期34卷 48-52页

作者： giorgio Besagni Politecnico di Milano Department of EnergyVia Lambruschini 4a20156 MilanoItaly

It is known that the performances of multi-phase reactors depend on the operating parameters(the temperature and the pressure of the system),the phase properties,and the design parameters(the aspect ratio(AR),the bubble column diameter,and the gas sparger design).Hence,the precise design and the correct operation of multi-phase reactors depends on the understanding and prediction of the fluid dynamics parameters.This paper contributes to the existing discussion on the effect of operating and design parameter on multi-phase reactors and,in particular,it considers an industrial process(e.g.,the LOPROX(low pressure oxidation)case study,which is typical example of two-phase bubble columns).Based on a previously-validated set of correlations,the influence of operating and design parameter on system performances is studied and critically analyzed.First,we studied the effects of the design parameter on the liquid–gas interfacial area,by keeping constant the fluid physical–chemical properties as well as the operating conditions;subsequently,we discussed for a fixed system design,the influence of the liquid phase properties and the operating pressure.In conclusion,this paper is intended to provide guidelines for the design and scale-up of multi-phase reactors.

关键词： Bubble column Scale-up Gas holdup Interfacial area LOPROX

Efficient RT-QuIC seeding activity for α-synuclein in olfactory mucosa samples of patients with Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 290-303页

作者： Chiara Maria Giulia de Luca Antonio Emanuele Elia Sara Maria Portaleone Federico Angelo Cazzaniga Martina Rossi Edoardo Bistaffa Elena de Cecco Joanna Narkiewicz Giulia Salzano Olga Carletta Luigi Romito Grazia devigili Paola Soliveri Pietro Tiraboschi Giuseppe Legname Fabrizio Tagliavini roberto Eleopra giorgio Giaccone Fabio Moda Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Unit of Neurology 5 and NeuropathologyMilanItaly Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Unit of Neurology I-Parkinson and Movement Disorders UnitMilanItaly department of Health Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoOtolaryngology UnitSan Paolo HospitalMilanItaly department of Neuroscience Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati(SISSA)Laboratory of Prion BiologyTriesteItaly Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Scientific DirectorateMilanItaly

Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder whose diagnosis is often challenging because symptoms may overlap with neurodegenerative parkinsonisms.PD is characterized by intraneuronal accumulation of abnormalα-synuclein in brainstem while neurodegenerative parkinsonisms might be associated with accumulation of eitherα-synuclein,as in the case of Multiple System Atrophy(MSA)or tau,as in the case of Corticobasal degeneration(CBD)and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy(PSP),in other disease-specific brain regions.definite diagnosis of all these diseases can be formulated only neuropathologically by detection and localization ofα-synuclein or tau aggregates in the brain.Compelling evidence suggests that trace-amount of these proteins can appear in peripheral tissues,including receptor neurons of the olfactory mucosa(OM).Methods:We have set and standardized the experimental conditions to extend the ultrasensitive Real Time Quaking Induced Conversion(RT-QuIC)assay for OM analysis.In particular,by using human recombinantα-synuclein as substrate of reaction,we have assessed the ability of OM collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of PD and MSA to induceα-synuclein aggregation,and compared their seeding ability to that of OM samples collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of CBD and PSP.Results:Our results showed that a significant percentage of MSA and PD samples inducedα-synuclein aggregation with high efficiency,but also few samples of patients with the clinical diagnosis of CBD and PSP caused the same effect.Notably,the final RT-QuIC aggregates obtained from MSA and PD samples owned peculiar biochemical and morphological features potentially enabling their discrimination.Conclusions:Our study provide the proof-of-concept that olfactory mucosa samples collected from patients with PD and MSA possess important seeding activities forα-synuclein.Additional studies are required for(i)estimating sensitivity and specificity of the technique and for(ii)evaluating its application for the diagno

关键词： RT-QuIC Olfactory mucosa Parkinson’s disease Neurodegenerative parkinsonisms α-Synuclein

A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2613-2625页

作者： Maria Ilenia de Bartolo Daniele Belvisi Romina Mancinelli Matteo Costanzo Claudia Caturano giorgio Leodori Alfredo Berardelli Giovanni Fabbrini giorgio Vivacqua IRCCS Neuromed PozzilliItaly department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of Anatomical HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy-Integrated Research Center(PRAAB)-Campus Biomedico University of Rome RomeItaly

The search fo r reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis,to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying therapies.despite the need for non-invasively accessible biomarke rs,the majo rity of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers,which require invasive collection procedures.Saliva represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular biomarkers.In the present study,after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease,we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients.A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of 289articles.After screening and exclusion,34 relevant articles were derived fo r systematic review.Alpha-synuclein,the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease,has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva,with oligomeric alphasynuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls,while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein,and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's disease.Beyond alpha-synuclein,other biomarkers to rgeting diffe rent molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients:total tau,phosphorylated tau,amyloid-β1-42(pathological protein aggregation biomarkers);DJ-1,heme-oxygenase-l,metabolites(alte red energy homeostasis biomarkers);MAPLC-3beta(aberrant proteostasis biomarker);cortisol,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(inflammation biomarkers);DNA methylation,miRNA(DNA/RNA defects biomarkers);acetylcholinesterase activity(synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction biomarkers);Raman spectra,proteome,a

关键词： alpha-synuclein amyloid-beta autophagy DJ-1 neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease salivary biomarkers tau