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Nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma(PPARγ)as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegeneration and dependence elicited by drugs of abuse

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 984-985页

作者： roberto Ciccocioppo Massimo Ubaldi School of Pharmacy Pharmacology UnitUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand-activated transcription factors that are located in the *** activation by specific ligands,PPARs enter the nucleus and heterodimerize with the retinoid x *** heterodimer binds to PPAR response element in DNA to regulate the transcription of genes that are involved in different physiological processes,including insulin sensitization,inflammatory response,and neuroprotection(Kapadia et al.,2008).

关键词： dimer activation element

International NeuroAIDS: prospects of HIV-1 associated neurological com-plications

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 962-969页

作者： J roberto TRUJILLO Gilberto JARAMILLO-RANGEL Marta ORTEGA-martinez Augusto C PENALVA de OLIVEIRA Jose E VIDAL Joseph BRYANT Robert C GALLO Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute 725 W Lombard Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas Sao Paulo 01246 Brazil Clinical Research Unit in Human Retrovirology University of CampinasSao Paulo 01246 Brazil. Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas Sao Paulo 01246 Brazil

Neurological complications associated with HIV-1/AIDS are being recognized with a high frequency that parallels the increased number of AIDS cases. The early infiltration by HIV-1 into the nervous system can cause primary and/or secondary neurological complications. The most common neurocognitive disorder is AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC). In developing countries of Asia the three most opportunistic infections are tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Therefore, it is expected that secondary neurological complications due to TB and cryptococcosis will be the most common cause of morbility and mortality in HIV-1/AIDS cases in China. Research of NeuroAIDS in China is necessary to understand the impact and the biology of HIV-1 in the nervous system. Future studies would include, the molecular epidemiology and the description of opportunistic infections associated to HIV-1; the neuropathological description of primary and secondary HIV-1 complications in different groups; the HIV-1 neurot- ropism and immune response studies for China’s unique HIV-1 strains and recombinant forms derived from the nervous system, including experimental models such as the use of transgenic rats; and the study of potential resistant virus, primarily when the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has not full access in the brain.

关键词： NeuroAIDS HIV-1 neurotropism AIDS dementia complex.

Targeting the motor cortex to restore walking after incomplete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1489-1490页

作者： Marina martinez Département de Neurosciences Groupe de recherche sur la Signalisation Neurale et la Circuiterie and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau au service de l’ApprentissageUniversitéde MontréalCIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-MontréalMontréalQCCanada

Spinal cord injury(SCI),second only to stroke,is the leading cause of *** ability to walk is often lost after SCI,reducing independence and quality of *** of walking is cited as a priority among persons with SCI of all degrees of severity,chronicity,or age at *** 70%of SCIs are anatomically incomplete,some neural connections relaying information to and from the brain are spared.

关键词： incomplete paralysis injury

Phylogenetic framework for coevolutionary studies： a compass for exploring jungles of tangled trees

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 393-403页

作者： Andres martinez-AQUINO Division Zoologfa Invertebrados Museo de La Plata FCNyM UNLP Paseo del Bosque s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina

Phylogenetics is used to detect past evolutionary events, from how species originated to how their ecological interactions with other species arose, which can mirror cophylogenetic patterns. Cophylogenetic reconstructions uncover past ecological relationships between taxa through inferred coevolutionary events on trees, for example, codivergence, duplication, host-switching, and loss. These events can be detected by cophylogenetic analyses based on nodes and the length and branching pattern of the phylogenetic trees of symbiotic associations, for example, host-parasite. In the past 2 decades, algorithms have been developed for cophylogetenic analyses and implemented in different software, for ex ample, statistical congruence index and event-based methods. Based on the combination of these approaches, it is possible to integrate temporal information into cophylogenetical inference, such as es- timates of lineage divergence times between 2 taxa, for example, hosts and parasites. Additionally, the advances in phylogenetic biogeography applying methods based on parametric process models and combined Bayesian approaches, can be useful for interpreting coevolutionary histories in a scenario of biogeographical area connectivity through time. This article briefly reviews the basics of parasitology and provides an overview of software packages in cophylogenetic methods. Thus, the objective here is to present a phylogenetic framework for coevolutionary studies, with special emphasis on groups of parasitic organisms. Researchers wishing to undertake phylogeny-based coevolutionary studies can use this review as a ＂compass＂ when ＂walking＂ through jungles of tangled phylogenetic trees.

关键词： coevolution cophylogenetic analyses host-parasite molecular systematics parametric biogeography symbiosis.

Is dual therapy the correct strategy in frail elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome?

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2020年第1期17卷 51-57页

作者： Alessio Menditto roberto Antonicelli Cardiology Unit Italian National Research Centre on Aging

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a very common arrhythmia in clinical *** incidence and prevalence are age-related and are growing in the last *** is a risk factor also for coronary artery disease(CAD),and with the evolution of preventive care,the first event(acute coronary syndrome(ACS)or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI))takes place at a later *** elderly patients with AF and CAD undergo ACS or PCI,they have indication to assume triple *** therapy(oral anticoagulation(OAC)plus dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT))exposes patients to high bleeding *** the last 10 years,several clinical trials have tested dual therapy(OAC plus single antiplatelet therapy)in AF patients who undergo ACS or elective *** trial has tested warfarin+clopidogrel against triple *** AF-PCI trial has tested low-dose rivaroxaban+P2Y12 inhibitor or very low-dose rivaroxaban+DAPT against standard triple therapy with ***-DUAL PCI trial has tested two doses of dabigatran+P2Y12 inhibitor against standard triple therapy with *** trial has tested apixaban against warfarin both in dual therapy with P2Y12 inhibitor and in triple therapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor and ***-AF PCI,last published study,has tested edoxaban+P2Y12 inhibitor against triple *** these trials show dual therapy reduces significantly bleeding risk than triple *** this paper,we analyze these clinical trials to understand if dual therapy results can be applied to elderly patients and what is probably the better approach in elderly AF patients undergo to ACS or PCI.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Atrial fibrillation Dual therapy Oral anticoagulation The elderly

Shale gas reservoirs: Theoretical, practical and research issues

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Petroleum Research 2016年第1期1卷 10-26页

作者： roberto Aguilera Schulich School of Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

Shale gas reservoirs are found all over the *** endowment worldwide is estimated at 10,000 tcf by the GFREE team in the Schulich School of Engineering at the University of *** shale gas work and production initiated successfully in the Unites States and extended to Canada will have application,with modifications,in several other countries in the ***‘modifications’qualifier is important as each shale gas reservoir should be considered as a research project by itself to avoid fiascos and major financial *** gas reservoirs are best represented by at least quadruple porosity *** of the production obtained from shale reservoirs is dominated by diffusion *** approximate boundary between viscous and diffusion-like flow is estimated with Knudsen *** flow is present,for example,when the architecture of the rock is dominated by mega pore throat,macro pore throat,meso pore throat and sometimes micro pore *** flow on the other hand is observed at the nano pore throat *** process speed concept has been used successfully in conventional reservoirs for several ***,the concept discussed in this paper for tight gas and shale gas reservoirs,with the support of core data,has been developed only recently,and permits differentiating between viscous and diffusion dominated *** is valuable,for example,in those cases where the formation to be developed is composed of alternating stacked layers of tight sands and shales,or where there are lateral variations due to facies *** approach to develop the concept of a super-giant shale gas reservoir is presented as well as a description of GFREE,a successful research program for tight *** paper closes with examples of detailed original gas-in-place(OGIP)calculations for 3 North American shale gas reservoirs including free gas in natural fractures and the porous network within the organic matter,gas in the non-organic matter,adsorbed gas,a

关键词： shale gas reservoirs process or delivery speed quadruple porosity model Knudsen number pore throat level

A stratigraphical-geochemical study on the Chaco Paraná continental rift basin—An approach study based on regional sedimentology and drill-hole core analyses, South América

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第3期25卷 195-215页

作者： roberto Toga Departamento de Geociencias. Facultad de Ingenierta. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Avda. Las Heras 727 H3500C01. Resistervcia Chaco Argentina

This paper is focused on a geologic “regional rift basin system pattern” and its stratigraphical-geochemical relationship. This is mainly based on the littoral shallow marine sedimentary succession paleogeography and deposits. These successions characterize the large extensional intracratonic Chaco Paraná Basin rift system. The basin is located in South America west of the Brazilian Shield. The analyzed rift basin system evolved from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian-Senonian-Maastrichtian-Early Paleocene) to Quaternary time. The siliciclastic littoral shallow marine successions were deposited from Early Senonian-Maastrichtian to Late Miocene during three main successive littoral shallow marine transgressions of continental extension.; These transgressions happened over the wide pediplanized terrains of South America. These lands exist west of the more positive areas, between the Brazilian Shield and the foreland massifs that were settled in the more westernwards areas. Later, these regional foreland massifs were coupled and raised to the Andean Orogen Belt during the last 5 million years.; The extensive intracratonic pediplanized low topographic relief areas were the reservoirs of siliciclastic littoral shallow marine succession deposits during the three successive widespread vast continental littoral shallow marine transgressions.; The first transgression began at the Latest Campanian-Senonian and/or Early Maastrichtian time. After this episode, the sedimentary depositional systems continued during the Cenozoic until the Latest Miocene. These successions constitute a major allostratigraphic unit. The limit with underlying units is the regional unconformity between the regional volcanic event (Jurassic-Cretacic and interleaved eolianite sandstones) at the base and the undifferentiated Quaternary sediments (called as the Pampeano and Post-Pampeano Formations sensu lato). Based on many facies analyses there had been checked out different levels in the eustatic sea

关键词：地层学地球化学古地理学裂谷盆地白垩纪新生界阿根廷

Geochemistry and Genesis of the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations (Late Pleistocene-Holocene), Central and Northern Argentina Pampas and Its Adjacent Region—An Approaching Case Study

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2004年第3期23卷 220-237页

作者： roberto Torra Departamento de Geociencias. Facultad de Ingeniería. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avda. Las Heras St. No. 727 H3500COI. Resistencia Chaco Argentina

Littoral siliciclastic shallow marine horizontal conformable beds (a heterolithic succession), Middle to Late Miocene, outcropping in northeastern Argentina (Ituzaingó Formation) and overlying transitional conformable horizontal regolithic mantle-rock bed derived from them (the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations), were geochemically analyzed. The focus of this study is placed on the application of geochemical parameter and signature analyses related with the aforementioned geological units, which are of subcontinental extension into South America. The encountered results show an outstandingly similar geochemical behaviour between them. The main conclusion is that regolithic mantle-rock beds were derived from the littoral shallow marine mudstone (silty-argillaceous) beds. This is in oposition to previous aeolian processes proposed early in the 50’s and later. These mudstone beds constitute important sections of the littoral shallow marine sequence beds (outcropping HST parasequence). Such regolitization proposed for the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations predominantly developed in-situ during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The main erosional and mobilized agents were the surface free water (pluvial, fluvial and laminar water sheets) and vadose water. So, the wind flows and/or the immense air flow hurricanes are of insignificant sedimentological influence. Otherwise, there is not a proved appropiate sandy-silty reservoir for a reasonable support of the “aeolian hypothesis”, as well as clear aeolian structures settled in the regolithic mantle-rock bed. In spite of these lines of equality textural-structural evidence, the geochemical values for both major elements and trace elements, demonstrate that the Miocene heterolithic marine succession was the mother rock of the overlying regolithic mantle-rock bed, which was formed as an in-situ mantle-rock bed.

关键词：地球化学沉积环境南美大草原洪积世全新世阿根廷东北部地区

A Technique for High-Order Treatment of Diffusion Terms in Semi-Lagrangian Schemes

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第7期8卷 445-470页

作者： roberto Ferretti Dipartimento di Matematica Universita di Roma TreL.go S.Leonardo Murialdo100146 RomaItaly

We consider in this paper a high-order,semi-Lagrangian technique to treat possibly degenerate advection-diffusion equations,which has been proposed in similar forms by various *** scheme is based on a stochastic representation formula for the solution,which allows to avoid the splitting between advective and diffusive part of the evolution operator.A general theoretical analysis is carried out in the paper,with a special emphasis on the possibility of using large Courant numbers,and numerical tests in one and two space dimensions are presented.

关键词： Advection-diffusion equations stochastic representation method of characteristics semi-Lagrangian schemes high-order schemes convergence