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Challenges within the Chinese Arbitration System and Potential Solutions from an Italian Perspective

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北京仲裁 2009年第3期 90-132页

作者： roberta Berzero

北京仲裁委员会自2005年以来先后接收了来自New YorkUniversity、University of California-Berkeley、University of California-HastingsCollege of Law、Pepperdine University等高校的近二十位国际实习生。许多实习生在原来阅读文献的基础上,结合实习期间的观察、实践和思考写出了相当不错的研究报告,对于我们从不同的视角观察和认识我国的仲裁制度并探寻可能的完善之道极具参考价值。因此,本刊今后将每年选登部分优秀的国际实习生研究报告,以飨读者。

关键词：仲裁制度北京仲裁委员会阅读文献国际实习生

Empirical assessment of adaptation to climate change impacts of mountain households:development and application of an Adaptation Capability Index

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1503-1514页

作者： Rajiv PANDEY Nandini MAITHANI roberta ARETANO Giovanni ZURLINI Kelli M ARCHIE Ajay K GUPTA Vishnu Prasad PANDEY Biodiversity and Climate Change Division ICFREDehradun 248 006India Forest Research Institute Dehradun 248006India Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of SalentoLecee 73100Italy Climate Change Research Institute Victoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Asian Institute of Technology and Management(AITM) Lalitpur 44700Nepal

The present study proposes an index to assess the potential for adaptation to climate change for households in the mountainous regions. The index provides a realistic approach to recognize social and natural factors which contribute to successful adaptation and addresses several household functions, such as social networking, livelihood strategy, adjustment strategies, resource availability and accessibility. The proposed Adaptation Capability Index （ACI） is analytically defined, mathematically formulated and field tested on mountainous households in urban and semi-urban regions of the Uttarakhand Himalaya in India. To gather data on the topic relevant to the ACI, a household scale questionnaire was developed and administered to 12o heads of households through face-to-face interviews. The results highlight higher adaptive capability of urban households and low adaptation capacity of rural households due to poor farm productivity, low accessibility and availability of resources and technological input. Future programs and policies must include and implement regulations to remedy attributive factors responsible for higher adaptation. This paper may be applicable to other mountainous regions and may provide insights for effective adaptation strategies to climate change.

关键词： Adaptation strategy Adjustmentpractice Climate change Vulnerability Resilience Social networking

Innovation in China： Evidence From the Provincial Data

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Chinese Business Review 2011年第10期10卷 855-867页

作者： roberta Arbolino University of Naples ＂L＇Orientale＂ Naples Italy

China has made remarkable gains in industrialization and development. In the last years, in order to ensure the sustainability of its economic and social development, China gave more importance to the innovativeness of business enterprises. In the domestic arena, the sustainability of the growth model that China has followed over the past decades has been criticized because of its excessive reliance on capital and resources as opposed to knowledge and innovation. In 2006, that transformation has been at the centre of the government＇s ＂scientific development strategy＂. Today, in fact, innovation and promotion of entrepreneurship are essential conditions for competitiveness of firms and nations, for the long-term growth and, therefore, for the economy as a whole. This paper investigates the level of potential innovation reached in China in 2008 through a disaggregated analysis, evaluating the production capacity of the Chinese provinces. ＂Innovation＂ has been widely studied by economic literature, specially with reference to the output. In this paper, we will refer to the European Innovation Scoreboard （EIS） index, to measure the progress of innovation, which represents the skill to innovate of a territory, but not the achieved innovation. First, we will propose some methodological changes of this method, that allows to obtained a ranking, in order to better understand the results reached by the Chinese provinces; Then we will test a different methodology in order to measure the level of potential innovation overcoming the limits of current practice--from a composite index obtained through a mean of disaggregated indices to multivariate analysis.

关键词： development innovation multivariate analysis

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct:The new frontier of biliary pathology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第38期29卷 5361-5373页

作者： Federico Mocchegiani Paolo Vincenzi Grazia Conte Daniele Nicolini roberta Rossi Andrea Benedetti Cacciaguerra Marco Vivarelli Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Polytechnic University of MarcheAncona 60126Italy Department of Gastroenterology and Transplant United Hospital of MarcheAncona 60126Italy

Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct(IPNBs)represent a rare variant of biliary tumors characterized by a papillary growth within the bile duct *** their first description in 2001,several classifications have been proposed,mainly based on histopathological,radiological and clinical features,although no specific guidelines addressing their management have been *** duct neoplasms generally develop through a multistep process,involving different precursor pathways,ranging from the initial lesion,detectable only microscopically,*** intraepithelial neoplasia,to the distinctive grades of IPNB until the final stage represented by invasive *** and advanced investigations,mainly relying on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and cholangioscopy,are required to reach a correct diagnosis and to define an adequate bile duct mapping,which supports proper *** recently introduced subclassifications of types 1 and 2 highlight the histopathological and clinical aspects of IPNB,as well as their natural evolution with a particular focus on prognosis and *** surgical resection,including hepatectomy,pancreaticoduodenectomy or both,represents the treatment of choice,yielding optimal results in terms of survival,although several endoscopic approaches have been *** are newly recognized preinvasive neoplasms of the bile duct with high malignant *** novel subclassification of types 1 and 2 defines the histological and clinical aspects,prognosis and *** is mainly based on MRI and *** resection represents the mainstay of treatment,although endoscopic resection is currently applied to nonsurgically fit *** frontiers in genetic research have identified the processes underlying the carcinogenesis of IPNB,to identify targeted therapies.

关键词： Intraductal neoplasm of the bile duct Bile duct neoplasms Cholangiocarcinoma Intraductal papilloma Classification Treatment

PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism and progressive liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第41期19卷 6969-6978页

作者： Paola Dongiovanni Benedetta Donati roberta Fares Rosa Lombardi Rosellina Margherita Mancina Stefano Romeo Luca Valenti Internal Medicine Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico MilanoDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di Milano20122 MilanoItaly Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineUniversity of Gothenburg40530 GothenburgSweden Clinical Nutrition Unit Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia88100 CatanzaroItaly

The 148 Isoleucine to Methionine protein variant(I148M)of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3(PNPLA3),a protein is expressed in the liver and is involved in lipid metabolism,has recently been identified as a major determinant of liver fat *** studies confirmed that the I148M variant predisposes towards the full spectrum of liver damage associated with fatty liver:from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and progressive ***,the I148M variant represents a major determinant of progression of alcohol related steatohepatitis to cirrhosis,and to influence fibrogenesis and related clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis,and possibly chronic hepatitis B virus hepatitis,hereditary hemochromatosis and primary sclerosing *** in all,studies suggest that the I148M polymorphism may represent a general modifier of fibrogenesis in liver ***,the effect of the I148M variant on fibrosis was independent of that on hepatic steatosis and inflammation,suggesting that it may affect both the quantity and quality of hepatic lipids and the biology of non-parenchymal liver cells besides hepatocytes,directly promoting ***,PNPLA3 is a key player in liver disease *** of the I148M polymorphism will possibly inform clinical practice in the future,whereas the determination of the effect of the 148M variant will reveal mechanisms involved in hepatic fibrogenesis.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Chronic hepatitis C virus hepatitis Fibrogenesis Genetics Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 Single nucleotide polymorphism Steatosis

PED Flex with Shield Technology:a feasible alternative for fusiform MCA aneurysms

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 185-188页

作者： Guilherme J.Agnoletto Pedro Aguilar-Salinas roberta Santos Eric Sauvageau Ricardo A.Hanel Lyerly Neurosurgery Baptist Neurological InstituteJacksonvilleFLUSA

BACKGROUND The advent of flow diverters(FDs)has changed the scope of endovascular treatment options for intracranial aneurysms(IAs).FDs can effectively treat complex aneurysms in which both microsurgical and conventional endovascular options are less than ideal.12 The Pipeline Flex Embolization Device(PED;Medtronic,Irvine,California,USA)has been available in the USA for several years demon-strating positive *** recently,the PED Flex with enhanced delivery features has been introduced,and although decreased,thromboembolic complications are still a potential risk.3 In light of this,a new surface modification was applied to the PED Flex known as Shield Technology consisting of a phosphorylcholine layer covalently bound to its metal braids potentially reducing its thrombogenicity.4 Herein,we report our initial experience using the PED Flex with Shield Technology in the treatment of an unruptured fusiform aneurysm located in the middle cerebral artery(MCA)using dual-an-tiplatelet therapy.

关键词： Flex PED MCA treatment

Impairment of ghrelin synthesis in Helicobacter pyloricolonized stomach:New clues for the pathogenesis of ***-related gastric inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 639-646页

作者： Omero Alessandro Paoluzi Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco roberta Caruso Ivan Monteleone Giovanni Monteleone Francesco Pallone Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"

Ghrelin,the ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a,takes part in several functions of the digestive system,including regulation of appetite,energy homeostasis,gastric acid secretion and *** has also immunoregulatory properties and is supposed to inhibit some inflammatory pathways that can mediate gastric ***,ghrelin synthesis is reduced in the gastric mucosa of patients with Helicobacter pylori(***)infection,a worldwide condition inducing a T helper(Th)1/Th17 cell responsedriven gastritis,which may evolve towards gastric atrophy and *** this article,we review the available data on the expression of ghrelin in *** infection and discuss how the defective ghrelin synthesis may contribute to sustain the ongoing inflammatory response in this disease.

关键词： Gastritis Ghrelin Helicobacter pylori T helper 1 cells

Study of tumor necrosis factor receptor in the inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第18期29卷 2733-2746页

作者： roberta Figueiroa Souza Marcos Antônio Ferreira Caetano Henrique Inhauser Riceti Magalhães Patricia Castelucci Department of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000Brazil Department of Surgery School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-270Brazil

Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are part of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases(IBD)and have pathophysiological processes such as bowel necrosis and enteric neurons and enteric glial *** addition,the main inflammatory mediator is related to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).TNF-αis a mediator of the intestinal inflammatory processes,thus being one of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,however,its levels,when measured,are present in the serum of patients with *** addition,TNF-αplays an important role in promoting inflammation,such as the production of interleukins(IL),for instance IL-1βand *** are two receptors for TNF as following:The tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor(TNFR1);and the tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor(TNFR2).They are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their receptors have been detected in IBD and their expression is correlated with disease *** soluble TNF form binds to the TNFR1 receptor with,and its activation results in a signaling cascade effects such as apoptosis,cell proliferation and cytokine *** contrast,the transmembrane TNF form can bind both to TNFR1 and *** studies have suggested that TNF-αis one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of IBD,since TNF levels are present in the serum of both patients with UC and *** and subcutaneous biologics targeting TNF-αhave revolutionized the treatment of IBD,thus becoming the best available agents to induce and maintain IBD *** application of antibodies aimed at neutralizing TNF-αin patients with IBD that induce a satisfactory clinical response in up to 60%of patients,and also induced long-term maintenance of disease remission in most *** has been suggested that anti-TNF-αagents inactivate the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-αby direct neutralization,i.e.,resulting in suppression of ***,anti-TNF-αantibodies perform more complex functions than a simple block

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor 1 receptor Tumor necrosis factor 2 receptor Inflammatory bowel diseases Enteric nervous system tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome:A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5890-5907页

作者： roberta Elisa Rossi Alessandra Elvevi Davide Citterio Jorgelina Coppa Pietro Invernizzi Vincenzo Mazzaferro Sara Massironi HPB Surgery Hepatology and Liver TransplantationENETS Center of ExcellenceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori(INTNational Cancer Institute)Milan 20133Italy Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of MilanMilan 20122Italy Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases(ERN RARE-LIVER) San Gerardo HospitalMonza 20033Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology University of MilanMilan 20122Italy

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome(ZES)associated with pancreatic or duodenal gastrinoma is characterized by gastric acid hypersecretion,which typically leads to gastroesophageal reflux disease,recurrent peptic ulcers,and chronic *** symptoms of ZES are nonspecific and overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders,the diagnosis is often delayed with an average time between the onset of symptoms and final diagnosis longer than 5 *** critical step for the diagnosis of ZES is represented by the initial clinical *** is the hallmark of ZES;however,hypergastrinemia might recognize several causes,which should be ruled out in order to make a final *** levels>1000 pg/mL and a gastric pH below 2 are considered to be diagnostic for gastrinoma;some specific tests,including esophageal pH-recording and secretin test,might be useful in selected cases,although they are not widely *** ultrasound is very useful for the diagnosis and the local staging of the primary tumor in patients with ZES,particularly in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type *** controversies about the management of these tumors also *** the localized stage,the combination of proton pump inhibitory therapy,which usually resolves symptoms,and surgery,whenever feasible,with curative intent represents the hallmark of gastrinoma *** high expression of somatostatin receptors in gastrinomas makes them highly responsive to somatostatin analogs,supporting their use as anti-proliferative agents in patients not amenable to surgical *** medical options for advanced disease are super-imposable to other neuroendocrine neoplasms,and studies specifically focused on gastrinomas only are scant and often limited to case reports or small retrospective *** multidisciplinary approach remains the cornerstone for the proper management of this composite ***,we reviewed available literature about gastrinoma-associated ZES wit

关键词： Gastrinoma Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Neuroendocrine neoplasms Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm Duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasm Diagnosis Therapy