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Commentary on “Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective experiences in promoting physical activity(PA).The authors suggested that positive affective experiences,rather than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor of PA over sedentary *** authors proposed a new formal decision model between PA and sedentary alternatives and reported that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentary alternatives(V_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making processes.

关键词： benefits formal decision

Are we close to using Alzheimer blood biomarkers in clinical practice?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2583-2585页

作者： Bruno P.Imbimbo Simone Lista Camillo Imbimbo robert Nisticò Department of Research&Development Chiesi FarmaceuticiParmaItaly i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group Department of Health SciencesMiguel de Cervantes European University(UEMC)ValladolidSpain Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of PaviaPaviaItaly School of Pharmacy University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini FoundationRomeItaly

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease histologically characterized by the presence of extraneuronal plaques,mainly formed by the 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary to ngles,mainly formed by the tau protein and its hyperphosphorylated isoforms(p-tau).AD is the most common cause of dementia,with an estimated lifetime risk of about 1 in 10 for men and 1 in 5 for women.

关键词： Alzheimer tau Aβ

Advances in discovery of novel investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B:A comprehensive review of phases II and III therapeutic agents

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： robert Lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,Toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

Climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Tanzania

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 1-11页

作者： Issa NYASHILU robert KIUNSI Alphonce KYESSI Vice President’s Office Government CityDodoma2502Tanzania Department of Environmental Engineering and Technology Ardhi UniversityDar es Salaam35176Tanzania Institute of Human Settlements Studies Ardhi UniversityDar es Salaam35176Tanzania

Climate change vulnerability assessment is an essential tool for identifying regions that are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change and designing effective adaptation actions that can reduce vulnerability and enhance long-term resilience of these *** study explored a framework for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Jangwani Ward,***,taking flood as an example,this study highlighted the steps and methods for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning *** the study area,95 households were selected and interviewed through purposeful ***,10 respondents(4 females and 6 males)were interviewed for Focus Group Discussion(FGD),and 3 respondents(1 female and 2 males)were selected for Key Informant Interviews(KII)at the Ministry of Lands,Housing and Human Settlements *** study indicated that climate change vulnerability assessment framework involves the assessment of climatic hazards,risk elements,and adaptive capacity,and the determination of vulnerability *** average hazard risk rating of flood was *** and livelihood activities and physical infrastructures both had the average risk element rating of 3.0,and ecosystems had the average risk element rating of *** capacity ratings of knowledge,technology,economy or finance,and institution were 1.6,1.9,1.4,and 2.2,*** vulnerability levels of socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructure were very high(4.0).Ecosystems had a high vulnerability level(3.8)to *** very high vulnerability level of socioeconomic and livelihood activities was driven by high exposure and sensitivity to risk elements and low adaptive *** study recommends adoption of the new urban planning process including preparation,planning,implementation,and monitoring-evaluation-review phases that integrates climate change vulnerability assessment in

关键词： Climate change Vulnerability level Climatic hazard Risk elements Adaptive capacity New urban planning process

Coated boron layers by boronization and a real-time boron coating using an impurity powder dropper in the LHD

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第8期26卷 25-31页

作者： Naoko ASHIKAWA robert LUNSFORD Federico NESPOLI Erik GILSON Yaowei YU Jiansheng HU Shinichiro KADO National Institute for Fusion Science Toki 509-5292Japan Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton NJ 08540United States of America Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

In the Large Helical Device(LHD),diborane(B2H6)is used as a standard boron source for boronization,which is assisted by helium glow *** 2019,a new Impurity Powder Dropper(IPD)system was installed and is under evaluation as a real-time wall conditioning *** the LHD,which is a large-sized heliotron device,an additional helium(He)glow discharge cleaning(GDC)after boronization was operated for a reduction in hydrogen recycling from the coated boron *** operational time of 3 h was determined by spectroscopic data during glow discharges.A flat hydrogen profile is obtained on the top surface of the coated boron on the specimen exposed to *** results suggest a reduction in hydrogen at the top surface by *** oxygen in coated boron was obtained by boronization,and the coated boron,which has boron-oxide,on the first wall by B-IPD was also *** the difference in coating areas between B2H6 boronization and B-IPD operation,it would be most effective to use the IPD and B2H6 boronization coating together for optimized wall conditioning.

关键词： boron layer oxygen impurity hydrogen recycling impurity powder dropper LHD EAST

NeuroPNM:Model reduction of pore network models using neural networks

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 239-251页

作者： robert Jendersie Ali Mjalled Xiang Lu Lucas Reineking Abdolreza Kharaghani Martin Monnigmann Christian Lessig Otto-von-Guericke-Universitat Magdeburg Universitatsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Germany Ruhr-Universitat-Bochum Universitatstraβe 150Bochum44801Germany

Reacting particle systems play an important role in many industrial applications,for example biomass drying or the manufacturing of *** numerical modeling and simulation of such systems is therefore of great importance for an efficient,reliable,and environmentally sustainable operation of the *** complex thermodynamical,chemical,and flow processes that take place in the particles are a particular challenge in a ***,typically a large number of particles is involved,rendering an explicit treatment of individual ones impossible in a reactor-level *** approach for overcoming this challenge is to compute effective,physical parameters from single-particle,high-resolution *** can be combined with model reduction methods if the dynamical behaviour of particles must be *** network models with their unrivaled resolution have thereby been used successfully as high-resolution models,for instance to obtain the macroscopic diffusion coeffcient of *** parameter identification and model reduction have recently gained new impetus by the dramatic progress made in machine learning in the last *** report results on the use of neural networks for parameter identification and model reduction based on three-dimensional pore network models(PNM).We believe that our results provide a powerful complement to existing methodologies for reactor-level simulations with many thermally-thick particles.

关键词： Porenetwork models Neural networks Parameter estimation Reduced order model

Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(p<0.05).The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

High Impact Polylactide Based on Organosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： Daria Pakuła Bogna Sztorch Eliza Romańczuk-Ruszuk Bogdan Marciniec robert E.Przekop Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Various sectors of the industry are searching for new materials with specific requirements,providing improved *** study presents novel composite materials based on polylactide that have been modified with the organosilicon compound,(3-thiopropyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixture of cage structures and not fully condensed random *** composite materials were obtained through injection *** study includes a comprehensive characterization of the new materials that analyze their functional properties,such as rheology(MFR),mechanical strength(tensile strength,Charpy impact strength),and thermal *** microscopic photos were also taken to analyze the microstructure of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight organosilicon compound to polylactide resulted in a significant increase in MFR by 73.8%compared to the neat *** greatest improvement in impact strength was achieved for the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,increasing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compared to PLA,which represents an increase of up to 187%.The conducted research confirms the possibility of modifying the properties of the polymer by employing organosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopropyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

Identification of Shell Color-Associated Genes Using Mantle Branch-Specific RNA Sequencing of Yellow-Colored Line of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 1076-1086页

作者： PENG Haiming LIAO Yongshan YANG Chuangye MKUYE robert DENG Yuewen YUE Chenyang Fisheries College Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Pearl Research Institute Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture Zhanjiang 524088China Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province Zhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture Zhanjiang 524088China

The yellow-colored line of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii displays a yellow prismatic layer and a white nacreous layer that can be used as an ideal model for research on shell color ***-Raman spectroscopy and transcriptome analyses were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the phenotype *** micro-Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the prismatic layer exhibits distinct characteristic peaks of carotenoids,while these peaks are not prominent in the nacreous *** the transcriptome comparison of the central zone of mantle and mantle edge tissue,which function in nacreous and prismatic layer formation,respectively,935 significantly differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,with 385 genes upregulated and 227 genes downregulated(|log_(2)(Fold change)|>1 and false discovery rate<0.05)in the mantle edge *** these genes,some were associated with melanoma/melanogenesis,such as tyrosinase,zinc metalloprotease,glutathione S-transferase,and ATP-binding cassette sub-family;some were associated with the carotenoid-related pathway,including scavenger receptors,cytochrome P450 and lipoprotein *** associated with porphyrin metabolism,including porphobilinogen deaminase,and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase,and genes associated with shell matrix protein,including amorphous calcium carbonate binding protein,shematrin,PIF,and collagen,also exhibited significantly different *** is speculated that the different colours between prismatic layer and nacreous layer in the yellow-colored line of *** might be resulted from melanin,carotenoids and porphyrin metabolism,while genes related to shell structure and biomineralization might also affect *** results provide new insights to understand the mechanism of shell color formation in mollusca.

关键词： Pinctada fucata martensii shell coloration transcriptome