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Late Cretaceous chronostratigraphy(Turonian—Maastrichtian):SK1 core Songliao Basin,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 357-367页

作者： robert w. scott Xiaoqiao wan Chengshan wang Qinghua Huang Department of Geosciences University of Tulsa and Precision Stratigraphy Associates Tulsa OK 74104 USA State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences. Beijing 100083. China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil.field Company Ltd. Daqing 163712. China

Non-marine ostracodes, charophytes and palynomorphs are abundant in most Cretaceous lacustrine basins of Easl Asia. However, their ranges are not directly integrated with marine biota that defines the Cretaceous stages. Non-biotic events st, ch as magnetochrons and radiometric ages in these terrestrial deposits enable their correlation with marine strata. The SKI north and south compositcd cores in the Songliao Basin present a continuous section of Upper Cretaceous non-marine fossil and magneto- chron successions in superposed order. These chronostratigraphic events are integrated with marine events by an XIY graphic plot between the core data and a global database of Global Section and Stratotype Points （GSSP） and key reference sections. This plot projects stage boundaries in marine sections into the SKI section and interpolates numerical ages to the tirst and last occurrences of biota and to lithostratigraphic boundaries. This stratigraphic experiment tests and relines age calibrations based on both manual interpo- lation of depths to numerical ages and cyclostratigraphy. Ages derived by interpolation are similar and ages by cyclostratigraphy are older because stage boundaries are calibrated to a different age scale.

关键词： Upper Cretaceousstratigraphy:East Asia Songliao Basin:Numerical ages ofpalynomorphs:Ostracodes-Charophytes

Human endogenous retrovirus type-w and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan robert Hoepner Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-w(HERV-w): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds （CORB）, response to paleoclimatic/paleoceanographic global changes and regional tectonics workshop of IGCP 463 ＆ 494

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 49-51页

作者： robert w. scott Chengshan wang Xiumian Hu Tulsa University Cleveland Oklahoma 74020 USA China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 Beijing CHINA Nanjing University210093 Nanjing CHINA

Members of IGCP 463, Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds （CORBs）, held their fourth workshop in Switzerland, and members of IGCP Project 494, Dysoxic to oxic change in midCretaceous Tethyan oceanic sedimentation, held their third workshop. The joint workshops consisted of a day and a half of presentations of current scientific results and a halfday planning the next year＇s work flow. Afterwards many participants joined the oneday field trip ＂Aptian, Albian, and Cenomanian sedimentation in the Swiss Prealps＂ led by Michel Caron, Luc Braillard, Andre Strasser, and Corinne Saudan, which preceded the 7th International Symposium on the Cretaceous, 5-9 September, 2005. Projects 463 ＆ 494 also sponsored oral and poster sessions at the Symposium entitled, ＂Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds＂.

关键词：区域构造学全球变化海洋层白垩纪

COMPARING TwO CLUSTERING-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TRACK MOBILE NODES IN INDUSTRIAL wIRELESS SENSOR NETwORKS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 177-209页

作者： Mohammad Gholami robert w. Brennan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4

Tracking mobile nodes in dynamic and noisy conditions of industrial environments has provided a paradigm for many issues inherent in the area of distributed control systems in general and wireless sensor networks in particular. Due to the dynamic nature of the industrial environments, a practical tracking system is required that is adaptable to the changes in the environment. More specifically, given the limited resources of wireless nodes and the challenges created by harsh industrial environments there is a need for a technique that can modify the configuration of the system on the fly as new wireless nodes are added to the network and obsolete ones are removed. To address these issues, two cluster-based tracking systems, one static and the other dynamic, are proposed to organize the overall network field into a set of tracking zones, each composed of a sink node and a set of corresponding anchor nodes. To manage the wireless nodes activities and inter and intra cluster communications, an agent-based technique is employed. To compare the architectures, we report on a set of experiments performed in JADE （Java Agent Development Environment）. In these experiments, we compare two agent-based approaches （dynamic and static） for managing clusters of wireless sensor nodes in a distributed tracking system. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency of the static clusters versus the robustness and effectiveness of the dynamic clusters.

关键词： wireless sensor networks tracking mobile nodes factory automation distributed adaptive systems reconfigurability

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Automation on the Requirements Analysis Process

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2007年第3期22卷 338-347页

作者： Giuseppe Lami robert w.Ferguson Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione"Alessandro Faedo" 1-56124 Pisa Italy Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University 15213 PittsburghPAU.S.A.

Requirements analysis is an important phase in a software project. The analysis is often performed in an informal way by specialists who review documents looking for ambiguities, technical inconsistencies and incomplete parts. Automation is still far from being applied in requirements analyses, above all since natural languages are informal and thus difficult to treat automatically. There are only a few tools that can analyse texts. One of them, called QuARS, was developed by the Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell＇Informazione and can analyse texts in terms of ambiguity. This paper describes how QuARS was used in a formal empirical experiment to assess the impact in terms of effectiveness and efficacy of the automation in the requirements review process of a software company.

关键词： requirements/specifications analysis requirements/specifications tools process metrics

Motor tract reorganization after acute central nervous system injury: a translational perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1144-1149页

作者： Hajime Takase robert w.Regenhardt Department of Neurosurgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan Departments of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic *** tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore,there is impetus to understand mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of injury and subsequent reorganization of the motor tract that may lead to *** acute central nervous system injury,there are changes in the microenvironment and structure of the motor *** example,ischemic stroke involves decreased local blood flow and tissue death from lack of oxygen and *** injury,in contrast,causes stretching and shearing injury to microstructures,including myelinated axons and their surrounding *** involve blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which is an important initial *** acute central nervous system injury,motor tract reorganization occurs in the form of cortical remapping in the gray matter and axonal regeneration and rewiring in the white *** remapping involves one cortical region taking on the role of ***-response-element binding protein is a key transcription factor that can enhance plasticity in the peri-infarct *** regeneration and rewiring depend on complex cell-cell interactions between axons,oligodendrocytes,and other *** RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in axon growth/regeneration through interactions with myelin-derived axonal growth inhibitors and regulation of actin cytoskeletal *** and their precursors play a role in myelination,and neurons are involved through their voltage-gated calcium *** the pathophysiology of injury and the biology of motor tract reorganization may allow the development of therapies to enhance recovery after acute central nervous system *** include targeted rehabilitation,novel pharmacotherapies,such as growth factors and axonal growt

关键词： corticospinal tract myelin-axon interaction recovery remapping reorganization RhoA/ROCK translation

Aptian综合年代地层事件:定量地层学的运用(英文)

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地学前缘 2005年第2期12卷 22-30页

作者： robert w. scott Precision Stratigraphy Associates and Tulsa University RR3 Box 103-3 Cleveland OK 74020 USA

以往发表的年代地层数据都是以Ma形式出现,以关键物种的首现面和末现面来界定的.一般而言,这些年龄是在用某种方法确定的某两个层的年龄基础上通过插值获得的,很大程度上仍然是估计值,而不是可以检验的科学结论.我们需要的是一个可以评... 详细信息

以往发表的年代地层数据都是以Ma形式出现,以关键物种的首现面和末现面来界定的.一般而言,这些年龄是在用某种方法确定的某两个层的年龄基础上通过插值获得的,很大程度上仍然是估计值,而不是可以检验的科学结论.我们需要的是一个可以评价的、剖面重现的、标本重现的而且插值方法是经过严格检验的数据库.图形对比技术正是一个有用的方法,它可以综合众多剖面的分散分布的事件,并可以验证这些事件的顺序和年代.图形对比技术是一个定量的、非统计的方法,可以判别两个剖面之间存在的同时代关系.物种时限和非生物事件投点到X/Y图解上,时限可以通过对比线综合到单个的时间尺度上.其他剖面的数据通过重复以上过程把每个剖面的数据综合进来.获得的时限通过评价有这些物种出现的图形解而得到验证.Aptian阶(约124～112 Ma)时期环境发生巨大变化,用来确定Aptian阶的许多关键生物事件和年代地层事件并不都出现在同一个剖面.因此,这些事件的相对年龄始终是不确定的,也不是相关的.两个事件被提出来用于界定Aptian阶的底界,包括菊石Deshayesites tuarkyricus和磁极性带CM0.然而这两个事件标准地层剖面相隔600 km. 图形对比显示这两次事件出现在7万年间隔内.通过这一方法,来自23条Barremian-Aptian-Albian 期间的剖面被综合进入精确的数据库,可以用来评价和验证来自新剖面的数据.

关键词：综合年代地层定量地层学 Aptian

Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5732-5772页

作者： Kyle J Anderson robert T Cormier Patricia M scott Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School

In their seminal papers Hanahan and weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer *** functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of *** this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and *** members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPM8,TRPM7,TRPM6 and TRPM2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle *** VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC *** have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer ***2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).More than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal *** distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI *** are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CR

关键词： Ion channels Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognostic biomarker Novel therapies Clinical targets

The development of policy approaches for reducing nitro-gen pollution to coastal waters of the USA

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z2期48卷 791-806页

作者： robert w.Howarth Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cornell University NY 14853USA

Two-thirds of the coastal rivers and bays in the United States are degraded from nutrient pollution, and nitrogen inputs these waters continue to increase. The nitrogen comes from a variety of sources, including runoff from agricultural fields, concentrated animal feeding operations, atmospheric deposition from fossil fuel combustion, and sewage and septic wastes. Technical solutions for nitrogen pollution exist at reasonable cost. That most of these solutions have not yet been implemented to any significant extent across the United States suggests that new policy approaches are necessary. The best solution may involve a combination of voluntary and mandatory approaches, applying different approaches to different sources of nitrogen pollution. A watershed-based approach that relies heavily on voluntary mechanisms (such as crop-yield insurance to reduce over-fertilization) is likely to be the most effective for some sources of nitrogen (such as runoff from agricultural fields), while a uniform national regulatory approach may be better for others (such as NOx emissions from fossil fuel combustion). Implementation of management strategies should be carefully coupled to monitoring programs to assess the effectiveness of these strategies. while both nitrogen and phosphorus are important to control, the focus should be on nitrogen management, in part because nitrogen is more generally the causal agent of coastal eutrophication. Also, while nitrogen-control practices tend to also reduce phosphorus pollution, phosphorus-control practices often have little effect on nitrogen. Although current scientific and technical knowledge is sufficient to begin to make substantial progress toward solving coastal nitrogen pollution, progress will be made more quickly and more cost effectively with increased investment in appropriate scientific research.

关键词： development of policy approaches, reducing nitrogen pollution, coastal water of the USA.