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The andropause and memory loss: is there a link between androgen decline and dementia in the aging male?

Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第3期3卷 169-174页

作者： robert s.tan shou-Jin Pu Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program University of Texas Houston United StatesGeriatric Medicine Fellowship Program University of Texas Houston United States

studies demonstrate a decline in androgens with age and this results in the andropause. The objective of this paperis to review the literature on hormonal changes that occur in the aging males and determine if there are associations be-tween decreased testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and decreased cognitive function. Trials of androgen re-placement and its impact on cognitive function will also be analyzed. Method of analysis will be by a thorough searchof articles on MEDLINE, the Internet and major abstract databases. Results of the author's own research in 302 men ofthe association of memory loss as a symptom in the andropause will be presented. In addition, the authors open trial oftestosterone replacement in hypogonadic men with Alzheimer's disease will also be presented. The results of the author'strial will be compared with other investigators. High endogenous testosterone level predicted better performance on visu-al spatial tests in several studies, but not in all studies. Likewise, testosterone replacement in hypogonadic patients im-proved cognitive functions in some but not all studies. Testosterone has also been shown to improve cognitive functionin eugonadal men. several studies have shown that declines in DHEA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease and the re-sults of double blind studies with DHEA replacement and its effect on cognition will also be presented. In summary,there is still no consensus that androgen replacement is beneficial in cognitive decline but this option may prove promis-ing in some patients. (Asian J Androl 2001 sep; 3: 169-174)

关键词： andropause memory loss androgens testosterone aging dementia

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绝雄期和记忆缺失:老年男子雄激素降低与痴呆是否关联?

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生殖与避孕 2002年第1期22卷 63-63页

作者： robert s.tan shou-Jin Pu Geriatric Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program University of TexasHouston United StatesMedicine Fellowship Program University of Texas Houston United States

研究表明雄激素分泌的随龄降低,导致绝雄期。本文通过对MEDLINE,国际互联网和主要医学文摘数据库的广泛检素,就老年男子的激素分泌变化作一综述,并探讨睾酮和脱氢表雄酮的降低与其认知功能衰退的联系;亦将分析雄激素补充对认知功能的影... 详细信息

研究表明雄激素分泌的随龄降低,导致绝雄期。本文通过对MEDLINE,国际互联网和主要医学文摘数据库的广泛检素,就老年男子的激素分泌变化作一综述,并探讨睾酮和脱氢表雄酮的降低与其认知功能衰退的联系;亦将分析雄激素补充对认知功能的影响。本文同时将报道作者对302位男子,所作的记忆缺失与绝雄期关联的研究,以及睾酮替代疗法对性腺机能减退的阿尔茨海默氏病患者临床试用结果,并将作者的结果与其它研究人员的结果相比较。1、在某些研究中,体内睾酮水平较高者视觉空间试验表现良好。同样,在部分性腺功能减退患者,睾酮替代疗法改善其认知功能,此外,在性腺功能正常的男性患者,睾酮对认知功能亦有一定的改善。2、一些试验表明,脱氢表雄酮降低可能有助于阿尔茨海默氏病的发生。文中也将介绍脱氢表雄酮替代疗法对认知功能影响的双盲试验结果。结论:雄激素替代疗法是否有助于阻止认知功能下降目前还未达成共识,但对部分病人可能有一定前景。

关键词：绝雄期记忆缺失雄激素睾酮老年痴呆

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Three-stage Transfer Learning with AlexNet50 for MRI Image Multi-Class Classification with Optimal Learning Rate

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 155-183页

作者： suganya Athisayamani A.robert singh Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Woong Cho school of Computing Sastra Deemed to be UniversityThanjavur613401India Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India Department of AI and software Engineering Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea Department of Electronics Information and Communication EngineeringKangwon National UniversitySamcheok25913Republic of Korea

In radiology,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an essential diagnostic tool that provides detailed images of a patient’s anatomical and physiological *** is particularly effective for detecting soft tissue ***,radiologists manually interpret these images,which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the vast amount of *** address this challenge,machine learning,and deep learning approaches can be utilized to improve the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection in MRI *** manuscript presents the use of the Deep AlexNet50 model for MRI classification with discriminative learning *** are three stages for learning;in the first stage,the whole dataset is used to learn the *** the second stage,some layers of AlexNet50 are frozen with an augmented dataset,and in the third stage,AlexNet50 with an augmented dataset with the augmented *** method used three publicly available MRI classification datasets:Harvard whole brain atlas(HWBA-dataset),the school of Biomedical Engineering of southern Medical University(sMU-dataset),and The National Institute of Neuroscience and Hospitals brain MRI dataset(NINs-dataset)for *** hyperparameter optimizers like Adam,stochastic gradient descent(sGD),Root mean square propagation(RMs prop),Adamax,and AdamW have been used to compare the performance of the learning ***-dataset registers maximum classification *** evaluated the performance of the proposed classification model using several quantitative metrics,achieving an average accuracy of 98%.

关键词： MRI tumors classification AlexNet50 transfer learning hyperparameter tuning optimizer

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Prof. robert s. Warren: come early, stay late and listen

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Hepatobiliary surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 122-123页

作者：无 robert s.Warre HBsN the University of California school of Medicine

Expert’s introduction robert ***,MD(Figure 1)is a Professor of surgery in the University of California school of Medicine and a specialist in gastrointestinal and liver *** earned a medical degree at the University of Minnesota,where he completed a general surgery *** completing an oncology research fellowship at Memorial sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York,***,joined UCsF Medical Center in 1988.A board-certified surgeon,he later became the Chief of surgical Oncology at *** respected by his peers,*** was named to the list of ***"America’s Top Doctors",a distinction reserved for the top 1%of physicians in the nation for a given *** research focuses on the biology of colorectal cancer(CRC)and how it spreads.

关键词： surgery Figure Warren

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Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang school of Life sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina school of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical sciences Chinese Academy of Medical sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

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sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi sun shiqian shen robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Representations of and translation between common fractions and decimal fractions

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Chinese science Bulletin 2013年第36期58卷 4630-4640页

作者： WANG YunQi sIEGLER robert s school of International studies Zhejiang University Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Department of Psychology and Behavioral science Zhejiang University The siegler Center for Innovative Learning (sCIL) Beijing Normal University

Recent years have seen a boom in research on the magnitude representations of common fractions and decimal ***,previous studies generally only explored the magnitude representations of these two types of fractions in *** present study,using a pretest-training-posttest design,examined and compared the magnitude representations of both types of fractions,and more importantly examined their relations to fraction translation and overall mathematical *** results showed that(1)accurate magnitude representations developed more often for decimal fractions than for common fractions;(2)individual differences in fraction magnitude representations predicted individual differences in fraction translation performance above and beyond initial knowledge of fraction translation;(3)mere exposure to visual representations of fractions on number lines improved children’s mental representations of fraction magnitudes more than exposure to visual representations of fractions on circles or reading a textbook section on *** present findings suggest that,like whole numbers,both types of fractions are organized on a mental number line,which appears to provide a central conceptual structure for organizing a wide range of numerical *** implications of the findings are discussed.

关键词：分数小数陈述个体差异数学能力概念结构预测试幅度

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Flare evolution and polarization changes in fine structures of solar radio emission in the 2013 April 11 event

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第2期16卷 69-80页

作者： Gennady Chernov robert sych Bao-Lin tan Yi-Hua Yan Cheng-Ming tan Qi-Jun Fu Marian Karlicky Valery Fomichev Key Laboratory of solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism Ionosphere and Radio Wave PropagationRussian Academy of Sciences(IZMIRAN)TroitskMoscow region142190Russia Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Institute of solar-Terrestrial Physics Russian Academy of SciencesSiberian BranchIrkutsk 664033Russia Astronomical Institute of the Academy of sciences of the Czech Republic Ondrejov 15165Czech Republic

The measurement of positions and sizes of radio sources in observations is important for un- derstanding of the flare evolution. For the first time, solar radio spectral fine structures in an M6.5 flare that occurred on 2013 April 11 were observed simultaneously by several radio instruments at four different observatories： Chinese solar Broadband Radio spectrometer at Huairou （sBRs/Huairou）, Ondrejov Radio spectrograph in the Czech Republic （ORsC/Ondrejov）, Badary Broadband Microwave spectropolarimeter （BMs/Irkutsk）, and spectrograph/IZMIRAN （Moscow, Troitsk）. The fine structures included microwave zebra patterns （ZPs）, fast pulsations and fiber bursts. They were observed during the flare brightening lo- cated at the tops of a loop arcade as shown in images taken by the extreme ultraviolet （EUV） telescope onboard NAsA＇s satellite solar Dynamics Observatory （sDO）. The flare occurred at 06：58-07：26 UT in solar active region NOAA 11719 located close to the solar disk center. ZPs appeared near high frequency boundaries of the pulsations, and their spectra observed in Huairou and Ondrejov agreed with each other in terms of details. At the beginning of the flare＇s impulsive phase, a strong narrowband ZP burst occurred with a moderate left-handed circular polarization. Then a series of pulsations and ZPs were observed in almost unpolarized emission. After 07：00 UT a ZP appeared with a moderate right-handed polarization. In the flare decay phase （at about 07：25 UT）, ZPs and fiber bursts become strongly right-hand polarized. BMs/Irkutsk spectral observations indicated that the background emission showed a left-handed circular polarization （similar to sBRs/Huairou spectra around 3 GHz）. However, the fine structure appeared in the right-handed polarization. The dynamics of the polarization was associated with the motion of the flare ex- citer, which was observed in EUV images at 171 A and 131 A by the sDO Atmospheric Imaging Assembly （AIA）. Combining magnetograms observed by t

关键词： sun activity -- sun flares -- sun particle emission -- sun radio radiation -- zebra-pattern

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Interactions of complement proteins C1q and factor H with lipid A and Escherichia coli:further evidence that factor H regulates the classical complement pathway

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Protein & Cell 2011年第4期2卷 320-332页

作者： Lee Aun tan Andrew C.Yang Uday Kishore robert B.sim Medical Research Council Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK Present address:Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W120NNUK st Peter’s College New Inn Hall St.Oxford OX12DLUK Present address:sUNY Downstate College of Medicine 450 Clarkson Avenue BrooklynNY 11203USA Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordHeadingtonOxford OX39DSUK Present address:Center for Infection Immunity and Disease MechanismsBiosciencesSchool of Health Sciences and Social CareBrunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PH West LondonUK Present address:Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK

Proteins of the complement system are known to interact with many charged *** recently characterized binding of C1q and factor H to immobilized and liposomal anionic *** H inhibited C1q binding to anionic phospholipids,suggesting a role for factor H in regulating activation of the complement classical pathway by anionic *** extend this finding,we examined interactions of C1q and factor H with lipid A,a well-characterized activator of the classical *** report that C1q and factor H both bind to immobilized lipid A,lipid A liposomes and intact Escherichia coli *** H competes with C1q for binding to these ***,increasing the factor H:C1q molar ratio in serum diminished C4b fixation,indicating that factor H diminishes classical pathway *** recombinant forms of the Cterminal,globular heads of C1q A,B and C chains bound to lipid A and *** in a manner qualitatively similar to native C1q,confirming that C1q interacts with these targets via its globular head *** observations reinforce our proposal that factor H has an additional complement regulatory role of down-regulating classical pathway activation in response to certain *** is distinct from its role as an alternative pathway *** suggest that under physiological conditions,factor H may serve as a downregulator of bacterially-driven inflammatory responses,thereby finetuning and balancing the inflammatory response in infections with Gram-negative bacteria.

关键词： complement lipid A bacteria factor H C1q

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Complement activation by phospholipids: the interplay of factor H and C1q

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Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1033-1049页

作者： Lee Aun tan Bingbin Yu Francis CJ sim Uday Kishore robert B sim MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxford OX13QUUK Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease MechanismsBiosciencesSchool of Health Sciences and Social CareBrunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PH West LondonUK Present address Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W120NNUK Present address school of Life sciences and Engineering Biology BuildingTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Complement proteins in blood recognize charged *** anionic phospholipid(aPL)cardiolipin binds both complement proteins C1q and factor H.C1q is an activator of the complement classical pathway,while factor H is an inhibitor of the alternative *** examine opposing effects of C1q and factor H on complement activation by aPL,we surveyed C1q and factor H binding,and complement activation by aPL,either coated on microtitre plates or in *** C1q and factor H bound to all aPL tested,and competed directly with each other for *** the aPL activated the complement classical pathway,but negligibly the alternative pathway,consistent with accepted roles of C1q and factor ***,in this system,factor H,by competing directly with C1q for binding to aPL,acts as a direct regulator of the complement classical *** regulatory mechanism is distinct from its action on the alternative *** of classical pathway activation by factor H was confirmed by measuring C4 activation by aPL in human sera in which the C1q:factor H molar ratio was adjusted over a wide *** factor H,which is regarded as a down-regulator only of the alternative pathway,has a distinct role in downregulating activation of the classical complement pathway by aPL.A factor H homologue,β2-glycoprotein-1,also strongly inhibits C1q binding to *** globular domains of C1q A,B and C chains bound aPL similarly to native C1q,confirming that C1q binds aPL via its globular heads.

关键词： complement regulation classical pathway C1q factor H anionic phospholipid

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