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Surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma: Speaking the language

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第15期11卷 2211-2212页

作者： robert j. Korst Division of Thoracic Surgery

The terminology used to describe esophagectomy for carcinoma can be confusing, even for specialists in gastrointestinal disease. As a result, specific terms are often used out of their intended context. To simplify the nomenclature, two points regarding procedures for surgical resection of the esophagus are critical: the extent of resection (radical vs standard) and the operative approach (choice of incisions). It is important to understand that the radicality of the resection may have little to do with the operative approach, with the exception of esophagectomy without thoracotomy (transhiatal esophagectomy), which mandates the performance of a standard or non-radical resection. Esophagectomy has emerged as the standard curative treatment option for patients with esophageal carcinoma; however, unlike the surgical resection of other types of solid tumors, many different surgical options and/or approaches exist for these patients. This heterogeneity of care may result from the fact that the esophagus is accessible through more than one body cavity (left hemithorax, right hemithorax, abdomen).In addition, and partially as a result of its accessibility,different types of surgical specialists harbor this operation in their armamentarium, including general surgeons,thoracic surgeons, and surgical oncologists. Despite this enthusiasm amongst surgeons, little consensus exists as to which option is most oncologically sound. Further, the details of the various surgical approaches and procedures for resection of the esophagus are often difficult to comprehend, even for specialists in gastrointestinal disease, with much of the relevant terminology used out of its intended context. To facilitate the understanding of the surgical options for esophageal carcinoma, it is useful to view the operation from two angles: the extent of resection (Aradical@ vs Astandard@) and the operative approach (choice of incisions).

关键词： Esophageal carcinoma Terminology

Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 197-208页

作者： Phillip j Tully robert A Baker Department of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University of South Australia 3 Flinders Drive Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia School of Psychology University of Adelaide Hughes Building North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Discipline of Psychiatry The University of Adelaide Eleanor Harold Building Frome Road Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Heart Failure Self Management Program Ambulatory and Primary Healthcare Directorate Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre 207 Hampstead Road Northfield SA 5085 Australia

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

关键词： Depression Depressive disorder Coronary artery bypass Coronary artery disease Antidepressive agents Anxiety

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丝孢烟霉菌属Capnofrasera

菌物研究 2020年第4期18卷 208-234页

作者： Stanley j.hughes Toni j.Atkinson Keith A.Seifert Biodiversity Mycology&Botany Agriculture&Agri-Food CanadaOttawa KIA 0C6Canada P.O.Box 20 WarringtonDunedinNew Zealand Department of Biology Carleton UniversityOttawa AIS 5b6Canada

新增单型丝孢烟霉菌属Capnofrasera 3个新种,分别为***、***和***。另外,Coccosporium aucupariae转移至该属中,后选模式基于其原始插图,并对其认定的有性型给出简要描述。这些物种在形成束丝趋势、分生孢子分支、共轴细胞相对优势、分... 详细信息

新增单型丝孢烟霉菌属Capnofrasera 3个新种,分别为***、***和***。另外,Coccosporium aucupariae转移至该属中,后选模式基于其原始插图,并对其认定的有性型给出简要描述。这些物种在形成束丝趋势、分生孢子分支、共轴细胞相对优势、分生孢子细胞及顶延伸、及顶延伸后遗留瘢痕特质以及分生孢子的分隔、大小等方面均有所不同。这个世界性属中的每个物种都有独特的地理分布,并且与特定的树种或灌木相关。本研究说明并描述了丝孢烟霉菌属中的已知物种,包括模式种***,并提供了一个检索表和关键词以便鉴定。

关键词：无性型分类学 Coccosporium aucupariae 分生孢子个体发育共无性型

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电法地球物理技术在贵金属勘探中的应用

国外地质勘探技术 1994年第1期 10-15,3页

作者： Kenneth L.Zonge Larry j.hughes 齐文秀

业已证实地面电法地球物理技术在如下三个方面间接地为勘探提供了有价值的信息: ①追踪硫化物矿化带②圈定拉矿构造或与矿有关的构造③蚀变带填图。若硫化物矿化与金矿共生,通常可用激发极化法(IP)加以圈定,该技术能够探测占体积总量小... 详细信息

业已证实地面电法地球物理技术在如下三个方面间接地为勘探提供了有价值的信息: ①追踪硫化物矿化带②圈定拉矿构造或与矿有关的构造③蚀变带填图。若硫化物矿化与金矿共生,通常可用激发极化法(IP)加以圈定,该技术能够探测占体积总量小于0.2%的黄铁矿,有时还可以从石墨和粘土异常中分辨出黄铁矿体,对于构造和蚀变带填图,常常是用可控源音频磁大地电流法(CSAMT),因为这个方法有极好的横向分辨能力和垂向穿透率。典型的CSAMT的探测对象包括:硅化沉积与火山岩、断层、角砾岩带、泥质蚀交、粘土和石墨层,以及其它岩性。为了在贵金属勘探中有效地应用地球物理方法,必须注意以下几项:第一,勘探学家必须准确地划分勘探阶段;第二,勘探学家必须清楚地了解采用地球物理方法所能查明的"示踪"矿化或围岩地质蚀变的类型;第三,正确地选择解决问题所需方法技术(电法、磁法、重力和地震等),提供成功解决问题的最好机会;第四,勘探学家必须有足够的财力去进行适当的地球物理工作,只要认真和充分地应用这些原则,地球物理方法可在降低勘探成本的同时,大大地提高勘探的成功率。

关键词：贵金属矿床勘探电法勘探

Early Cretaceous subduction initiation beneath southern Tibet caused the northward flight of India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1123-1131页

作者： Haoyu Hu robert j.Stern Geosciences Department University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX75083-0688USA

Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates formed the ~2500 km long Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone and produced the Himalaya mountains and Tibetan *** we offer a new explanation for tectonic events leading to this collision:that the northward flight of India was caused by an Early Cretaceous episode of subduction initiation on the southern margin of *** data for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone show restricted ages between 120 Ma and 130 Ma,and their supra-subduction zone affinities are best explained by seafloor spreading in what became the forearc of a north-dipping subduction zone on the southern margin of *** subsequent evolution of this new subduction zone is revealed by integrating data for arcrelated igneous rocks of the Lhasa terrane and Xigaze forearc basin *** slab pull from this new subduction zone triggered the rifting of India from East Gondwana in Early Cretaceous time and pulled it northward to collide with Tibet in Early Paleogene time.

关键词： Cretaceous northward subduction

Wild rice research: Advancing plant science and food security

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 563-565页

作者： robert j.Henry Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Rice was domesticated in Asia(Oryza sativa)and Africa(Oryza glaberrima)from Oryza rufipogon and Oryza bathii,*** Oryza genus has a pantropical *** genetic diversity in Oryza provides an extensive gene pool to adapt rice to climate change and address future food *** primary gene pool of domesticated rice includes species that are readily accessible for rice breeding due to ease of crossing,while more distant species are also sources of useful genes that can be recovered with greater difficulty(Figure 1).Advances in genomics and gene editing provide a path for use of this wider *** of Oryza species also offer potential insights into rice biology that may be critical for ongoing rice food security.

关键词： sativa Oryza breeding

Quaternary glacial records in mountain regions：A formal stratigraphical approach

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Episodes 2005年第2期28卷 85-92页

作者： P.D.hughes P.L.Gibbard j.C.Woodward Geography SchoolofEnvironmentandDevelopmentMansfieldCooperBuildingTheUniversityofManchesterOxfordRoadManchesterM139PLUnitedKingdom. GodwinInstituteofQuaternaryResearch DepartmentofGeographyDowningPlaceUniversityofCambridgeCambridgeCB23ENUnitedKingdom.

Glacial deposits in locally-glaciated mountain regions are often expressed through their surface form and the study of these deposits constitutes a major branch of geomorphology. Studies of glacial depositional records in mountain areas have often neglected formal stratigraphical procedure resulting in an ad hoc development of quasi-stratigraphical nomenclature. Here, a formal stratigraphical procedure is recommended, since this enables a systematic approach to the subdivision of glacial deposits in mountain regions. Moreover, such an approach facilitates, in some instances, the development of a formal chronostratigraphy that can be compared to regional and global geological time scales. This is important in locally-glaciated mountain regions where glacial deposits represent one of the most important records of cold stage environments. Given that glacial landforms represent a key component of the Quaternary record, maintaining a formal link between geomorphological and geological stratigraphical procedure is a fundamental requirement of a consistent and comparable stratigraphical framework.

关键词：第四纪冰川山区地质沉积地形特征鉴别方法

Spatio-temporal variation in childhood growth in Nigeria:a comparison of aggregation and interpolation

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International journal of Digital Earth 2017年第11期10卷 1166-1176页

作者： Elise Hellwig robert j.Hijmans Environmental Science and Policy University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA

The mean height-for-age Z-score(HAZ)of children under five is an important indicator of the health status of a *** values are frequently aggregated and reported at the national level,potentially obscuring important within-country *** evaluated aggregation and interpolation methods to provide sub-national estimates over space and time,using survey data from Nigeria in 1990,2003,2008,and *** aggregated HAZ values by region and by state,and interpolated the values spatially and spatio-temporally using thin plate *** results were evaluated with cross-validation using the root mean squared error(RMSE)as a measure of goodness of *** HAZ values increased from 1990 to 2013,but values rose more sharply in southern Nigeria than in the *** methods performed better than assuming a constant national *** state-level aggregation,and the spatial and spatio-temporal interpolations had similar RMSE values,but the interpolation methods showed more detailed spatial ***-temporal interpolation produced good results in all conditions,including in years with sparse sampling and when extrapolating to years for which there were no observations.

关键词： Height-for-age health surveys DHS prediction stunting

Recovery of spermatogenesis following testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic-androgenic steroid use

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 373-380,I0007页

作者： j Abram McBride robert M Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC 27599-7235 USA.

The use of testosterone replacement therapy （TRT） for hypogonadism continues to rise, particularly in younger men who may wish to remain fertile. Concurrently, awareness of a more pervasive use of anabolic-androgenic steroids （AAS） within the general population has been appreciated. Both TRT and AAS can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal （HPG） axis resulting in diminution of spermatogenesis. Therefore, it is important that clinicians recognize previous TRT or AAS use in patients presenting for infertility treatment. Cessation of TRT or AAS use may result in spontaneous recovery of normal spermatogenesis in a reasonable number of patients if allowed sufficient time for recovery. However, some patients may not recover normal spermatogenesis or tolerate waiting for spontaneous recovery. In such cases, clinicians must be aware of the pathophysiologic derangements of the HPG axis related to TRT or AAS use and the pharmacologic agents available to reverse them. The available agents include injectable gonadotropins, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors, but their off-label use is poorly described in the literature, potentially creating a knowledge gap for the clinician. Reviewing their use clinically for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and other HPG axis abnormalities can familiarize the clinician with the manner in which they can be used to recover spermatogenesis after TRT or AAS use.

关键词： anabolic steroids hypogonadism infertility spermatogenesis testosterone testosterone replacement therapy vasectomy reversal