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j.urnal of Materiomics 2021年第4期7卷 657-664页

作者： A.C.García-Wong D.Pilloud S.Bruyere D.Mangin S.Migot j.F.Pierson F.capon Institut j.an Lamour(UMR CNRS 7198) Universite de Lorraine54000NancyFrance

In this paper,vanadium nitride(VN)thin films have been deposited on Al substrates by reactive magnetron *** VO_(2) films have been obtained by air oxidation of VN samples performed at three temperatures(450,525 and 550℃)at various durations(lower than 50 min).X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrometry of the VN oxidized films indicate that VO_(2) and V2O5 are the only phases produced during the oxidation *** dioxide is the first oxide *** coexists with VN in a long period at 450℃ or suddenly disappears at 525 and 550℃.Whatever the temperature,V2O5 is exclusively detected after the total oxidation of *** oxide is detrimental to the thermochromic performance of *** emissivity-switching properties of the oxidized films were analyzed by infrared camera in the 7.5e13 mm *** comparison among all the samples exhibiting a thermochromic behavior shows that the maximum emissivity switch is independent of the oxidation temperature and the surface morphology of the *** results could open a new strategy in the investigation of VN oxidation as a method to obtain VO_(2),along with an insight into the correlation between surface morphology and optical properties.

关键词： Vanadium dioxide Vanadium nitride Thermochromism Optical properties Air oxidation

Access to biodiversity for food production:Reconciling open access digital sequence information with access and benefit sharing

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Molecular Plant 2021年第5期14卷 701-704页

作者： Brad Sherman robert j.Henry ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture BrisbaneQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Synthetic Biology University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

CHALLENGES TO EXiSTING LEGAL SCHEMES Over the last 40 years or so,a complex web of international legal agreements was developed that regulate the access,transfer,and use of plant genetic *** include the Convention on ... 详细信息

关键词： Access Figure legal

Cenozoic plants from Tibet:An extraordinary decade of discovery,understanding and implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第2期66卷 205-226页

作者： Zhekun ZHOU j.a LIU Linlin CHEN robert A.SPICER Shufeng LI j.an HUANG Shitao ZHANG Yongj.ang HUANG Linbo j.A j.nj.n HU Tao SU CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla666303China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PaleontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China

Plant fossils play an important role in understanding landscape evolution across the Tibetan Region,as well as plant diversity across wider eastern *** the last decade or so,paleobotanical investigations within the Tibet Region have led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of how the present plateau formed and how this affected the regional climate and *** is because:(1)Numerous new taxa have been *** all the Cenozoic records of new plant fossil species reported from the Tibet(Xizang)Autonomous Region 45 out of 63(70%)were documented after *** these,many represent the earliest records from Asia,or in some cases worldwide,at the genus or family level.(2)These fossils show that during the Paleogene,the region now occupied by the Tibetan Plateau was a globally significant floristic exchange *** on paleobiogeographic studies,grounded by fossil evidence,there are four models of regional floristic migration and exchange,i.e.,into Tibet,out of Tibet,out of India and into/out of Africa.(3)Plant fossils evidence the asynchronous formation histories for different parts of the Tibetan *** most of the Paleogene,there was a wide east-west trending valley with a subtropical climate in central Tibet bounded by high(>4 km)mountain systems,but that by the early Oligocene the modern high plateau had begun to form by the rise of the valley *** reconstructions using radiometrically-dated plant fossil assemblages in southeastern Tibet show that by the earliest Oligocene southeastern Tibet(including the Hengduan Mountains)had reached its present elevation.(4)The coevolution between vegetation,landform and paleoenvironment is evidenced by fossil records from what is now the central Tibetan *** the Paleocene to Pliocene,plant diversity transformed from that of tropical,to subtropical forests,through warm to cool temperate woodland and eventually to deciduous shrubland in response to landscape evolution from a seas

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Cenozoic Paleobotany Flora Central valley Biodiversity

Synthetically engineered microbes reveal interesting principles of cooperation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 3-14页

作者： Michael D. Dressier Corey j. Clark Chelsea A. Thachettu Yasmine Zakaria Omar Tonsi Eldakar robert P. Smith Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA Department of Biological Sciences Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314-7796 USA

Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological sys- tems. However, if natural selection favors traits that confer an advantage to one individual over another, then helping others would be paradoxical. Nevertheless, cooperation persists and is critical in maintaining homeostasis in systems ranging from populations of bacteria to groupings of mammals. Developing an understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms by which cooperation operates is critical in understanding ecological and evolutionary relationships. Over the past decade, synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool to study social dynamics. By engineering rationally controlled and modulatable beha- vior into microbes, we have increased our overall under- standing of how cooperation enhances, or conversely constrains, populations. Furthermore, it has increased our understanding of how cooperation is maintained within populations, which may provide a useful framework to influence populations by altering cooperation. As many bacterial pathogens require cooperation to infect the host and survive, the principles developed using synthetic biology offer promise of developing novel tools and strategies to treat infections, which may reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. Overall, the use of engineered cooperative microbes has allowed the field to verify existing, and develop novel, theories that may govern cooperative behaviors at all levels of biology.

关键词： synthetic biology engineered bacteria coop-eration cheater quorum sensing

Individual effect of Y and Nd on the microstructure formation of Mg-Y-Nd alloys processed by severe plastic deformation and their effect on the subsequent mechanical and corrosion properties

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第2期11卷 509-521页

作者： Maria Zemkova Peter Minarik j.n Dittrich j.n Bohlen robert Kral Charles University Department of Physics of MaterialsKe Karlovu 512116PragueCzechia University of Zilina Research CentreUniverzitna8215/1Zilina01026Slovakia Institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon21502GeesthachtGermany

This work investigated the effect of sole yttrium and neodymium alloying on the microstructure formation during severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) and an impact on the mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of binary Mg-3Y and Mg-3Nd *** results are compared with a ternary Mg-4Y-3Nd alloy,which represents a simplified version of the commercially successful WE43 *** extensive study comprises a thorough microstructural analysis performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy,including electron backscatter diffraction and texture analysis performed by X-ray *** is shown that the presence of Nd primarily caused precipitation during the processing of the Mg-3Nd alloy,while Y remained dissolved in the magnesium matrix in the Mg-3Y *** difference resulted in a significantly smaller average grain size in the Mg-3Y alloy(~0.77 nm) than in the Mg-3Nd alloy(~1.3 μm) after the final step of the processing and formation of a slightly different ***,the composition and the processing affected the mechanical and corrosion properties of the investigated materials,measured by compression deformation tests,microhardness measurement,and electrochemical impedance *** study shows that the ECAP-processed W3 sample exhibits a surprisingly good combination of ultrafine-grain structure,weak crystallographic texture,high strength,and high corrosion resistance compared with the other investigated *** attributes make this material very interesting for utilisation in the industry and/or medicine.

关键词： Magnesium Rare earth elements Microstructure Texture Mechanical strength Corrosion

The codewriting workbook creating computational architecture in AutoLISP robert j. Krawczyk ; foreword by William j. Mitchell.

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Comparative multi-locus assessment of modern Asian newts(Cynops, Paramesotriton, and Pachytriton:Salamandridae) in southern China suggests a shared biogeographic history

2009年

作者： robert j. Krawczyk foreword by William j. Mitchell.

ISBN: (纸本)9781568987927

The Codewriting Workbook introduces students and practi-tioners to basic programming concepts for computer-aided design (CAD). Through a series of guided exercises and examples, readers learn how to develop and write procedures for creating two-dimensional drawings and three-dimensional models using a variety of algorithmic functions. Each exercise begins with a simple concept and evolves into a f

关键词： AutoLISP (Computer program language)Computeraided design.Architectural designData processing.Engineering designData processing.

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Zoological Research 2022年第5期43卷 706-718页

作者： Zhi-Yong Yuan Yun-Ke Wu Fang Yan robert W.Murphy Theodore j.Papenfuss David B.Wake Ya-Ping Zhang j.ng Che State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthaca 14850USA College of Life Science Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntario M5S 2C6Canada Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Evolutionary biologists are always interested in deciphering the geographic context of diversification,therefore they introduced the concept of comparative phylogeography, which helps to identify common mechanisms that contribute to shared genetic structures among organisms from the same ***, we used multi-locus genetic data along with environmental data to investigate shared phylogeographic patterns among three Asianendemic newt genera, Cynops, Paramesotriton and Pachytriton, which occurred in montane/submontane streams or ponds in southern China. Our 222samples from 78 localities covered the entire range of the three genera and represented the largest dataset of this group to date. We reconstructed matrilineal genealogies from two protein-coding,mitochondrial genes, and gene network from two nuclear genes. We also estimated divergence times of maj.r cladogenetic events and used occurrence data to evaluate niche difference and similarity between lineages. Our results revealed a common basal split in all three genera that corresponds to the separation of two geographic terrains of southern *** ancient divergence occurred during middle to late Miocene and likely correlate with paleoclimatic fluctuations caused by the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP).Particularly,the strengthening and weakening of Asian summer monsoons during the Miocene may have profoundly impacted southern China and led to repeatedly vicariance in those ***,despite differences in realized niches between lineages,there is no evidence for divergence of fundamental *** of old newt matriline lineages in mountains of southern China suggests that the region acts as both museums and cradles of *** on those results,we advocate a multi-pronged protection strategy for newts in the three genera.

关键词： Amphibian Comparative phylogeography Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau East Asian monsoons Ecological niche modeling Species museums and cradles

Negative consequences of reduced protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids for performance,intestinal barrier function,and caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 216-228页

作者： Reza Barekatain Peter V.Chrystal Tanya Nowland Amy F.Moss Gordon S.Howarth Thi Thu Hao Van robert j.Moore South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundoora West CampusBundooraVICAustralia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Envi1ronmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia

The consequences of feeding broiler chickens with reduced protein(RP)diets for gut health and barrier function are not well *** study was performed to elucidate the effect of reducing dietary protein and source of protein on gut health and performance *** experimental diets included 2 control diets with standard protein levels either containing meat and bone meal(CMBM)or an all-vegetable diet(CVEG),a medium RP diet(17.5%in growers and 16.5%in finisher),and a severe RP diet(15.6%in grower and 14.6%in finisher).Off-sex Ross 308 birds were assigned to each of the 4 diets and performance measurements were taken from d 7 to 42 *** diet was replicated 8 times(10 birds per replicate).A challenge study was conducted on additional 96 broilers(24 birds per diet)from d 13 to *** of the birds in each dietary treatment were challenged by dexamethasone(DEX)to induce a leaky *** birds with RP diets decreased weight gain(Pj.cted ***-bacteria was the main phylum driving the differences in birds fed 15.6%*** the family level,Bifidobacteriaceae,Unclassified Bifidobacteriales,Enterococcaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,and Lachnospir-aceae were the main taxa in birds fed 15.6%*** supplementation of synthetic amino acids,severe reduction of dietary pro

关键词： Gut health Microbiota Tight j.nction protein Inflammation Broiler

Putting it all together： intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing proteasome biogenesis

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第1期12卷 19-48页

作者： Lauren A. Howell robert j. Tomko j.. Andrew R. Kusmierczyk Department of Biomedical Sciences Florida State University College of Medicine Tallahassee FL 32306 USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue Universi~ Indianapolis Indianapolis IN 46202 USA

BACKGROUND： The 26S proteasome is at the heart of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is the key cellular pathway for the regulated degradation of proteins and enforcement of protein quality control. The 26S proteasome is an unusually large and complicated protease comprising a 28-subunit core particle （CP） capped by one or two 19-subunit regulatory particles （RP）. Multiple activities within the RP process incoming ubiquitinated substrates for eventual degradation by the barrel-shaped CE The large size and elaborate architecture of the proteasome have made it an exceptional model for understanding mechanistic themes in macromolecular assembly. OBj.CTIVE： In the present work, we highlight the most recent mechanistic insights into proteasome assembly, with particular emphasis on intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating proteasome biogenesis. We also describe new and exciting questions arising about how proteasome assembly is regulated and deregulated in normal and diseased cells. METHODS： A comprehensive literature search using the PubMed search engine was performed, and key findings yielding mechanistic insight into proteasome assembly were included in this review. RESULTS： Key recent studies have revealed that proteasome biogenesis is dependent upon intrinsic features of the subunits themselves as well as extrinsic factors, many of which function as dedicated chaperones. CONCLUSION： Cells rely on a diverse set of mechanistic strategies to ensure the rapid, efficient, and faithful assembly of proteasomes from their cognate subunits. Importantly, physiological as well as pathological changes to proteasome assembly are emerging as exciting paradigms to alter protein degradation in vivo.

关键词： proteasome assembly assembly chaperones ubiquitin-proteasome system proteolysis macromolecular complex

Production, Application, and Field Performance of Abietiv^(TM),the Balsam Fir Sawfly Nucleopolyhedrovirus

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中国病毒学 2007年第2期22卷 163-172页

作者： Christopher j. Lucarotti Benoit Morin robert I.Graham Renée Lapointe Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre PO Box 4000FrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5P7Canada Population Ecology Group Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B 6C2 Canada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre PO Box 4000FrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5P7Canada Population Ecology Group Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick E3B 6C2 Canada Sylvar Technologies Inc.P.O.Box 636 Stn.AFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A6Canada

Beginning in the early 1990s, the balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) became a significant defoliating insect of precommercially thinned balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands in western Newfoundland, Canada. In 1997, a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeabNPV) was isolated from the balsam fir sawfly and, as no control measures were then available, NeabNPV was developed for the biological control of balsam fir sawfly. In order to register NeabNPV for operational use under the Canadian Pest Control Products Act, research was carried out in a number of areas including NeabNPV field efficacy, non-target organism toxicology, balsam fir sawfly ecology and impact on balsam fir trees, and NeabNPV genome sequencing and analysis. As part of the field efficacy trials, approximately 22 500 hectares of balsam fir sawfly-infested forest were aerially treated with NeabNPV between 2000 and 2005. NeabNPV was found to be safe, efficacious, and economical for the suppression of balsam fir sawfly outbreak populations. Conditional registration for the NeabNPV-based product, Abietiv?, was received from the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (Health Canada) in April 2006. In j.ly 2006, Abietiv was applied by spray airplanes to 15 000 ha of balsam fir sawfly-infested forest in western Newfoundland in an operational control program.

关键词：生产应用香油锯蝇