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Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis:a narrative review

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第1期6卷 21-28,I0001页

作者： Roy j.Hopkins robert B.Wilson Department of Upper GI Surgery Liverpool HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in *** high-income countries,*** is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized *** incidence of *** infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for *** infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and *** 20%and 35%of patients with *** infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second *** of *** infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care *** this article,current treatments for recurrent *** infection are reviewed and future directions *** include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.

关键词： Clostridium difficile recurrent infection faecal microbiota transplant anion-binding resins monoclonal antibodies secondary bile acid

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： Barry M Berger Bernard Levin robert j Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation Scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA Stool DNA The United States Preventive Services Task Force Cancer Intervention Surveillance Modeling Network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

The variable codons of H5N1 avian influenza A virus haemagglutinin genes

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2008年第11期51卷 987-993页

作者： Mark j.GIBBS robert W.MURPHY School of Botany and Zoology Faculty of ScienceAustralian National UniversityACT 0200Australia Department of Natural History Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoON M5S 2C6Canada

We investigated the selection pressures on the haemagglutinin genes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses using fixed effects likelihood models. We found evidence of positive selection in the sequences from isolates from 1997 to 2007, except viruses from 2000. The haemagglutinin sequences of viruses from southeast Asia, Hong Kong and China's Mainland were the most polymorphic and had similar nonsyn-onymous profiles. Some sites were positively selected in viruses from most regions and a few of these sites displayed different amino acid patterns. Selection appeared to produce different outcomes in vi-ruses from Europe, Africa and Russia and from different host types. One position was found to be positively selected for human isolates only. Although the functions of some positively selected posi-tions are unknown, our analysis provided evidence of different temporal, spatial and host adaptations for H5N1 avian influenza viruses.

关键词： positive selection pressure H5N1 avian influenza virus HA codon

Mutual neutralization in low-energy collisions of Na^(+)+H^(-)ions

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第8期32卷 25-31页

作者：王堃董川屈一至吴勇林晓贺 robert j.Buenker Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China College of Material Sciences and Optoelectronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Faculty of Foundation Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101416China Fachbereich C-Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Bergische Universitat WuppertalD-42097 WuppertalGermany

The low-energy mutual neutralization(MN)reactions Na^(+)+H^(-)→Na(nl)+H have been studied by employing the full quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital close-coupling(QMOCC)method over a wide energy range of 10^(-3)-10^(3) e V/*** and state-selective cross sections have been investigated and compared with the available theoretical and experimental data,and the state-selective rate coefficients for the temperature range of 100-10000 K have been *** the present work,all the necessary highly excited states are included,and the influences of rotational couplings and 10 active electrons are *** is found that in the energy below 10 e V/u,the Na(4s)state is the most dominant exit state with a contribution of approximately 78%to the branch fraction,which is in best agreement with the experimental *** energies above 10 e V/u,the MN total cross section is larger than those obtained in other theoretical calculations and shows a slow decreasing trend because the main exit states change,when the energy is above 100 e V/u,the dominant exit state becomes the Na(3p)state,while the Na(4s)state becomes the third most important exit *** datasets presented in this paper,including the potential energy curve,the radial and rotational couplings,the total and state-selective cross sections,are openly available at https://***/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00112.

关键词： mutual neutralization cross section rate coefficient quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital closecoupling(QMOCC)method

Attenuation artifacts in light sheet fluorescence microscopy corrected by OPTiSPIM

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 392-404页

作者： jürgen Mayer Alexandre robert-Moreno james Sharpe jim Swoger Centre for Genomic Regulation(CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDr.Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain Universitat Pompeu Fabra(UPF) BarcelonaSpain InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Present address:European Molecular Biology Laboratory(EMBL) Dr.Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)is rapidly becoming an essential technology for mesoscopic imaging of samples such as embryos and adult mouse ***,LSFM can suffer from optical artifacts for which there is no intrinsic *** attenuation of light due to absorbing material causes“shadow”artifacts along both the illumination and detection *** approaches have been introduced to reduce this problem,including scanning illumination and multi-view ***,neither of these approaches completely eliminates the *** the distribution of the absorbing material is complex,shadows cannot be *** introduce a new approach that relies on multi-modal integration of two very different mesoscopic *** LSFM,optical projection tomography(OPT)can operate in transmission mode to create a voxel map of the 3D distribution of the sample’s optical ***,we demonstrate a hybrid instrument(OPTiSPIM)that can quantify this attenuation and use the information to correct the shadow artifacts of LSFM.

关键词： illumination light absorbing

A plant-based diet and hypertension

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第5期14卷 327-330页

作者： Sarah Alexander robert j Ostfeld Kathleen Allen Kim A Williams Rush University Medical Center Division of Cardiology Chicago IL USA Montefiore Medical Center Division of Cardiology Bronx NY USA New York University Department of Nutrition & Food Studies NY USA

Hypertension is an insidious, common, and deadly dis-ease, often detected incidentally at a routine doctor＇s visit orworkplace health screening. Worldwide, it is estimated thatone billion people have hypertension and... 详细信息

关键词： Hypertension Vegan Vegetarian Plant-based diet

Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 1-8页

作者： YU LIU robert j.KASPER NATALIE j.S.CHOI Department of Family and Community Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological *** evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected *** disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ *** the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with *** studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 *** addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 *** review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles COVID-19 Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Thimet oligopeptidase

Characterization of a new monoclonal anti-glypican-3 antibody specific to the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2

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World journal of Hepatology 2017年第7期9卷 368-384页

作者： Preeyanat Vongchan robert j Linhardt Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai University Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Departments of ChemistryBiologyChemical and Biomedical Engineering

AIM To characterize the antigen on HepG2 cell that is specifically recognized by a new monoclonal antibody raised against human liver heparan sulfate proteoglycan(HSPG), clone *** The antigen recognized by m Ab 1E4-1D9 was immunoprecipitated and its amino acid sequence was analyzed LC/MS. The transmembrane domain, number of cysteine residues, and glycosylation sites were predicted from these entire sequences. Data from amino acid analysis was aligned with glypican-3(https://***/Tools/msa/clustalo/). The competitive reaction of mA b 1E4-1D9 and anti-glypican-3 on HepG2 cells was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow cytometry. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation of mA b 1E4-1D9 and anti-glypican-3 was performed in HepG2 cells by Western immunoblotting. The recognition by mA b 1E4-1D9 of a specific epitope on solid tumor and hematopoietic cell lines was studied using indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow *** Monoclonal antibody 1E4-1D9 reacted with an HSPG isolated from human liver and a band of 67 kD was detected under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. The specific antigen pulled down by m Ab 1E4-1D9, having a MW of 135 kD, was analyzed. The results showed two sequences of interest, gi30722350(1478 amino acid) and gi60219551(1378 amino acid). In both sequences no transmembrane regions were observed. Sequence number gi30722350 was 99.7% showed a match to FYCO1, a molecule involved in induction of autophagy. Sequence number gi60219551 contained 15 cysteines and 11 putative glycosylation sites with 6 predicted N-glycosylation sites. It was also matched with all PDZ domain proteins. Moreover, it showed an 85.7% match to glypican-3. Glypican-3 on HepG2 cells competitively reacted with both phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-glypican-3 and mA b 1E4-1C2 and resulted in an increase of double-stained cell population when higher concentration of m Ab 1E4-1D9 was used. Moreover, antigens precipitated fro

关键词： Monoclonal anti-glypican-3 Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 Heparan sulfate proteoglycan Coimmunoprecipitation

Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Disparate associations among asian populations

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World journal of Hepatology 2014年第5期6卷 263-273页

作者： robert j Wong Aijaz Ahmed Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

obesity is a global epidemic contributing to an increas-ing prevalence of obesity-related systemic disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASh) will in the near future lead to end-stage liver disease in a large cohort of patients with NASh-related cirrhosis and NASh is predicted to be a leading indication for liver transplantation in the coming decade. however, the prevalence of obesity and the progression of hepatic histological damage associated with NASh exhibit sig-nificant ethnic disparities. Despite a significantly lower body mass index and lower rates of obesity compared to other ethnic groups, Asians continue to demonstrate a significant prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, met-abolic syndrome and NASh. Ethnic disparities in central adiposity and visceral fat distribution have been hy-pothesized to contribute to these ethnic disparities. The current review focuses on the epidemiology of obesity and NASh among Asian populations.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis obesity metabolic syndrome Asians hepatocellular carcinoma