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human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan robert hoepner Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(hERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation human

Diagnosis and management of testosterone deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 177-186,I0006页

作者： james A McBride Culley C Carson robert M Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine NC USA.

Testosterone supplementation therapy （TST） use has dramatically increased over the past decade, due to the availability of newer agents, aggressive marketing, and an increasing incidence of testosterone deficiency （TD）. Despite the increase in TST, a degree of ambiguity remains as to the exact diagnostic criteria of TD, and administration and monitoring of TST. One explanation for this phenomenon is the complex role testosterone plays in multiple physiologic pathways. Numerous medical co-morbidities and medications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms of TD. The diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum total testosterone level that reliably correlates with symptoms. This observation is particularly true in the aging male and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays. Several prominent medical societies have developed guideline statements to clarify the diagnosis, but they differ from each other and with expert opinion in several ways. Aside from diagnostic dilemmas, there are numerous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate. The available TST agents have changed significantly over the past decade similar to the trends in the diagnosis of TD. Therefore, as the usage of TST increases, clinicians will be challenged to maintain an up-to-date understanding of TD and TST. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and management of TD.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction hormones hypogonadism testosterone

Alterations in gastric mucin synthesis by helicobacter pylori

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第4期6卷 475-482页

作者： james C. Byrd robert S. Bresalier Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory Henry Ford Health Sciences CenterDetroitMIUSA Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory Henry Ford Health Sciences CenterDetroitMIUSA Department of MedicineUniversity of Michigan School of MedicineAnn ArborMIUSA

INTRODUCTIONhelicobacter pylori is recognized as a cause of chronicactive gastritis,gastric and duodenal ulcers,and gastriccancer,though the mechanisms of pathogenesis for ***-associated diseases are not yet well *** ... 详细信息

关键词： gastric mucin helicobacter pylori

hypomagnesaemia associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第3期3卷 243-253页

作者： james Wei Tatt Toh Evonne Ong robert Wilson General Surgery Liverpool HospitalUniversity of New South WalesLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia University of New South Wales Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Liverpool HospitalUniversity of New South WalesLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

hypomagnesaemia and associated hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism have been increasingly recognised as rare longterm side-effects of proton pump inhibitors(PPIs).The PPIs may inhibit active magnesium(Mg)absorption by interfering with transcellular transient receptor potential melastatin-6 and-7(TRPM 6 and 7)*** recent cell culture studies have suggested concomitant inhibition of passive Mg absorption by *** being treated with a range of PPIs,the four patients in our case series developed hypomagnesaemia,which responded to withdrawal of therapy and initiation of Mg *** clinical course and management demonstrate key aspects of hypomagnesaemia associated with long-term use of PPIs.

关键词： Proton pump inhibitors hypomagnesaemia hypocalcaemia.

Attenuation artifacts in light sheet fluorescence microscopy corrected by OPTiSPIM

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 392-404页

作者： Jürgen Mayer Alexandre robert-Moreno james Sharpe Jim Swoger Centre for Genomic Regulation(CRG) The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDr.Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain Universitat Pompeu Fabra(UPF) BarcelonaSpain InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats(ICREA) Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain Present address:European Molecular Biology Laboratory(EMBL) Dr.Aiguader 8808003 BarcelonaSpain

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)is rapidly becoming an essential technology for mesoscopic imaging of samples such as embryos and adult mouse ***,LSFM can suffer from optical artifacts for which there is no intrinsic *** attenuation of light due to absorbing material causes“shadow”artifacts along both the illumination and detection *** approaches have been introduced to reduce this problem,including scanning illumination and multi-view ***,neither of these approaches completely eliminates the *** the distribution of the absorbing material is complex,shadows cannot be *** introduce a new approach that relies on multi-modal integration of two very different mesoscopic *** LSFM,optical projection tomography(OPT)can operate in transmission mode to create a voxel map of the 3D distribution of the sample’s optical ***,we demonstrate a hybrid instrument(OPTiSPIM)that can quantify this attenuation and use the information to correct the shadow artifacts of LSFM.

关键词： illumination light absorbing

Novel approaches for the molecular classification of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 620-622页

作者： robert h. Getzenberg Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore 21287 MD USA

Among the urologic cancers, prostate cancer is by far the most common, and it appears to have the potential to affect almost all men throughout the world as they age. A number of studies have shown that many men with prostate cancer will not die from their disease, but rather with the disease but from other causes. These men have a form of prostate cancer that is described as ＂very low risk＂ and has often been called indolent.

关键词： Prostate Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Men Beers Aluminium Classification

Airborne laser scanning of natural forests in New Zealand reveals the influences of wind on forest carbon

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 126-139页

作者： David A. Coomes Daniel Safka james Shepherd Michele Dalponte robert holdaway Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street CB2 3EA Cambridge UK Landcare Research Riddet Rd Massey University Palmerston North 4474 Palmerston North New Zealand Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Reserch and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Math via E. Math 138010 San Michele all'Adige (TN) Italy Landcare Research 54 Gerald Street Lincoln 7608 Lincoln New Zealand.

Background： Forests are a key component of the global carbon cycle, and research is needed into the effects of human-driven and natural processes on their carbon pools. Airborne laser scanning （ALS） produces detailed 3D maps of forest canopy structure from which aboveground carbon density can be estimated. Working with a ALS dataset collected over the 8049-km2 Wellington Region of New Zealand we create maps of indigenous forest carbon and evaluate the influence of wind by examining how carbon storage varies with aspect. Storms flowing from the west are a common cause of disturbance in this region, and we hypothesised that west-facing forests exposed to these winds would be shorter than those in sheltered east-facing sites. Methods： The aboveground carbon density of 31 forest inventory plots located within the ALS survey region were used to develop estimation models relating carbon density to ALS information. Power-law models using rasters of top-of-the-canopy height were compared with models using tree-level information extracted from the ALS dataset. A forest carbon map with spatial resolution of 25 m was generated from ALS maps of forest height and the estimation models. The map was used to evaluate the influences of wind on forests. Results： Power-law models were slightly less accurate than tree-centric models （RMSE 35% vs 32%） but were selected for map generation for computational efficiency. The carbon map comprised 4.5 million natural forest pixels within which canopy height had been measured by ALS, providing an unprecedented dataset with which to examine drivers of carbon density. Forests facing in the direction of westerly storms stored less carbon, as hypothesised. They had much greater above-ground carbon density for a given height than any of 14 tropical forests previously analysed by the same approach, and had exceptionally high basal areas for their height. We speculate that strong winds have kept forests short without impeding basal area growth. Concl

关键词： Forest LiDAR Airborne laser scanning Remote sensing Carbon Climate change Cyclone Wind New Zealand LUCAS

Cancer/testis antigens： novel tools for discerning aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 400-404,I0006页

作者： Takumi Shiraishi robert h Getzenberg Prakash Kulkarni Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Baltimore M D 21287 USA Department of Urology Graduate School of Medical Science Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kyoto Japan Department of Oncology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Baltimore MD 21287 USA pharmacology and Molecular Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA

The introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） in the 1980s has dramatically altered and benefited the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer. however, the widespread use of PSA testing has resulted in overdetection and overtreatment of potentially indolent disease. Thus, a clinical dilemma today in the management of prostate cancer is to discern men with aggressive disease who need definitive treatment from men whose disease are not lethal. Although several serum and tissue biomarkers have been evaluated during the past decade, improved markers are still needed to enhance the accuracy, with which patients at risk can be discerned and treated more aggressively. The cancer/testis antigens （CTAs） are a group of proteins that are restricted to the testis in the normal adult, but are aberrantly expressed in several types of cancers. Because of their restricted expression pattern, the CTAs represent attractive biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis/prognosis. Furthermore, several studies to date have reported the differential expression of CTAs in prostate cancer. here, we review recent developments that demonstrate the potential of the CTAs as biomarkers to discern the a^ressive Dhenotvoe of orostate cancer.

关键词： cancer/testis antigens DNA microarrays prostate cancer prostate carcinoma tumor antigen

Where physics meets chemistry： Thin film deposition from reactive plasmas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 441-458页

作者： Andrew Michelmore Jason D. Whittle james W. Bradley robert D. Short School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ UK Material Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK

Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an industrially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled surface functionalization is plasma deposition. Plasma deposition has advantages over other surface engineering processes, including that it is solvent free, substrate and geometry independent, and the surface properties of the film can be designed by judicious choice of precursor and plasma conditions. Despite the utility of this method, the mechanisms of plasma polymer growth are generally unknown, and are usually described by chemical （i.e., radical） pathways. In this review, we aim to show that plasma physics drives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and surface-plasma interactions. For example, we show that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and also arrive at surfaces with energies greater than 1000 kJ·mol^-1 （〉10 eV） and thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film deposition processes requires an understanding of both physical and chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry,functionalization polymer