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Lipid droplets in the nervous system:involvement in cell metabolic homeostasis

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 740-750页

作者： Yuchen Zhang Yiqing Chen Cheng Zhuang Jingxuan Qi robert Chunhua Zhao Jiao Wang School of Life Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy BeijingChina

Lipid droplets serve as primary storage organelles for neutral lipids in neurons,glial cells,and other cells in the nervous *** droplet formation begins with the synthesis of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic ***,lipid droplets were recognized for their role in maintaining lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis;however,recent research has shown that lipid droplets are highly adaptive organelles with diverse functions in the nervous *** addition to their role in regulating cell metabolism,lipid droplets play a protective role in various cellular stress ***,lipid droplets exhibit specific functions in neurons and glial *** of lipid droplet formation leads to cellular dysfunction,metabolic abnormalities,and nervous system *** review aims to provide an overview of the role of lipid droplets in the nervous system,covering topics such as biogenesis,cellular specificity,and ***,it will explore the association between lipid droplets and neurodegenerative *** the involvement of lipid droplets in cell metabolic homeostasis related to the nervous system is crucial to determine the underlying causes and in exploring potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease lipid droplet biogenesis lipid droplets lipid metabolism nervous system neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

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Public health importance of light intensity physical activity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： robert Ross Ian Janssen Mark S.Tremblay School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada School of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines worldwide recommend that adults accumulate 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidelines are recommendations for light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisurely pace of 3 km/h or less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

关键词： intensity light benefits

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Characterization of squash polysaccharide and the anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rat revealed by urine metabolomics analysis

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第5期13卷 2937-2946页

作者： Li Liang Fuming Zhang Quanhong Li Baoguo Sun Yuyu Zhang robert J.Linhardt Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor ChemistryBeijing Technology and Business University(BTBU)Beijing 100048China Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chemistry and Chemical BiologyBiomedical Engineering and Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy 12180USA College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China China National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing Beijing 100083China

The present study reports the structural characteristics of 3 polysaccharide fractions(SPS-F1,SPS-F2 and SPS-F3)isolated and purified from ***-F1(molecular weight(Mw)=12.30 kDa)and SPS-F2(Mw=19.40 kDa)were likely to contain HG and RG-I domain of pectic polysaccharide,***-F2(Mw=270.4 kDa)was mainly composed of rhamnose,galactose and *** treatment with SPS decreased body weight gain,glucose and TG levels in type 2 diabetes ***,25 differential metabolites were identified based on urinary metabolomics analysis,which are crucial to the anti-diabetic effect of *** regulation of nicotinamide N-oxide,histamine,cis-aconitate,citrate,L-malic acid,3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid were mainly associated with energy metabolism,gut microbiota and *** of surface plasmon resonance revealed the binding kinetics with galectin-3(Gal-3)and fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2).The K_(D)values of SPS-F2 and SPS-F3 to Gal-3 were 4.97×10^(-3)and 1.48×10^(-3)mol/L,indicating a weak binding *** 3 fractions showed moderate binding to FGF2 and the affinity was SPS-F3>SPS-F2>***,the metabolomics and SPR approach were proved to be a promising tool in exploring the anti-diabetes effects of SPS and provided a deep understanding of the mechanisms.

关键词： Polysaccharide Metabolomics Type 2 diabetes Surface plasmon resonance

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Creation and validation of a novel low-cost dry lab for early resident training and assessment of robotic prostatectomy technical proficiency

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 133-138页

作者： Kevin Kunitsky Abhishek Venkataramana Katherine E.Fero Jorge Ballon Jacob Komberg robert Reiter Wayne Brisbane Institute of Urologic Oncology Department of UrologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA

Purpose:To evaluate the preliminary validity and acceptability of a low-cost low-fidelity robotic surgery dry lab for training and assessing residents’technical proficiency with key robotic radical prostatectomy *** and methods:Three standardized inanimate tasks were created to simulate the radical prostatectomy steps of posterior dissection,neurovascular bundle release,and urethrovesical *** trainees and faculty at a single institution completed and evaluated each dry lab *** validity was evaluated by comparing task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across four participant cohorts:medical students(n=5),junior residents(n=5),senior residents(n=5),and attending surgeons(n=7).Content validity,face validity,and acceptabilitywere evaluated through a posttask survey using a 5-point Likert ***:There was a significant difference in the individual and composite task completion times and Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills scores across all participant cohorts(all p<0.01).The model was rated favorably in terms of its content validity and acceptability for use in residency ***,model realism,compared with human tissue,was poorly *** dry lab production cost was less than US$***:This low-cost procedure-specific dry lab demonstrated evidence of content validity,construct validity,and acceptability for simulating key robotic prostatectomy technical steps and can be used to augment robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy surgical training.

关键词： Robotic surgery education Radical prostatectomy Simulation Dry laboratory Validation

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面向电铲自主装卸的矿用自卸车斗型优化

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吉林大学学报（工学版） 2024年第5期54卷 1227-1236页

作者：谭晓丹王勇澎 robert Hall 徐天爽黄庆学吉林大学机械与航空航天工程学院长春130022 太原重型机械集团有限公司矿山采掘装备及智能制造国家重点实验室太原030024 南达科他州矿业理工大学采矿工程与管理学院拉皮德城57701 太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院太原030024

针对现有电铲自主装卸功能在料堆重构、环境感知、目标识别等领域存在技术难度的现状,从降低自主装卸作业任务难度的角度出发,本文提出了一种以载荷均衡分布为目标的矿用自卸车斗型优化方法。首先,构建了一种基于差分迭代的装卸后自卸... 详细信息

针对现有电铲自主装卸功能在料堆重构、环境感知、目标识别等领域存在技术难度的现状,从降低自主装卸作业任务难度的角度出发,本文提出了一种以载荷均衡分布为目标的矿用自卸车斗型优化方法。首先,构建了一种基于差分迭代的装卸后自卸车斗内料堆的轮廓重构方法,并对料堆质心位置进行计算;其次,建立并验证了模拟电铲装卸过程的离散元仿真方法;再次,利用离散元仿真实验,研究了不同斗型结构参数对斗内料堆质心位置的影响;最后,以横向载荷均布为目标,以纵向载荷分布、行驶安全性、斗容变化为约束对斗型进行优化。结果表明:优化后的斗型与原斗型相比,在保持装载能力和行驶安全性的前提下,极端装卸位置时的载荷分布均匀性显著提升,并具有更大的合理装卸面积和更高的作业效率。

关键词：机械设计及理论自主装卸矿用自卸车载荷分布斗型优化

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Optical measurements of dissolved organic matter as proxies for COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)in plateau lakes

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 132-138页

作者： Xuan Yang Yongqiang Zhou Xiaoying Yang Yunlin Zhang robert G.M.Spencer Justin D.Brookes Erik Jeppesen Hucai Zhang Qichao Zhou Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming650500China Institute of International River and Eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming650500China Zhejiang College of Security Technology Wenzhou325016China Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee32306United States Water Research Centre School of Biological ScienceThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005Australia Department of Ecoscience Aarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkara06800Turkey Institute of Marine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityErdemliMersin33731Turkey Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental SciencesKunming650034China

The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection *** assessments of organic matter,such as chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Mn))and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD_(5)),are often ***,optical measurements of dissolved organic matter(DOM)offer a rapid and reliable means of obtaining organic matter composition *** we employed DOM optical measurements in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)*** was performed using an independent dataset encompassing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from 2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging multiple linear regressions(MLRs)applied to DOM absorbance at 254 nm(a254)and fluorescence components C1-C5,we successfully traced COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R^(2)>0.8,P0.9)in mesotrophic lakes compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic *** study underscores the utility of MLR-based DOM indices for inferring COD_(Mn)and BOD_(5)variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of integrating in situ and remote sensing platforms for water pollution early warning.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Chemical oxygen demand Biochemical oxygen demand Water quality Yungui plateau lakes

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Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection in cirrhotic patients: First American cohort

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 784-790页

作者： robert Luke Pecha Fares Ayoub Ankur Patel Abdullah Muftah Michael W Wright Mai A Khalaf Mohamed O Othman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UC DavisSacramentoCA 95817United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Internal Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77550United States Medical School Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Tropical Medicine Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

BACKGROUND Among patients with cirrhosis and pre-malignant or early malignant mucosal lesions,surgical intervention carries a much higher bleeding *** such lesions are discovered,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)may offer curative therapy with lower risks than surgery and improved outcomes compared to traditional endoscopic *** To evaluate the outcomes of ESD in patients with *** Patients with cirrhosis undergoing ESD between July 2015 and August 2022 were retrospectively matched in 1:2 fashion to controls based on lesion location,size,and anticoagulation *** outcomes were compared between *** A total of 64 Lesions from 59 patients were included(16 cirrhosis,43 control).There were no differences in patient or lesion characteristics between *** bloc and curative resection was achieved in 84.21%,78.94%of the cirrhosis group and 88.89%,68.89%of controls,respectively,with no significant *** patients had significantly higher rates of intra-procedural coagulation grasper use for control of bleeding(47.37%vs 20%;P=0.02).There were otherwise no significant differences in adverse event *** the 29 patients with follow up,we found higher rates of recurrence in the cirrhosis group compared to controls(40%vs 5.26%;P=0.019),however this effect did not persist on multivariable analysis controlling for known *** ESD may be safe and effective in patients with *** procedure related outcomes were not significantly different between ***-procedural bleeding requiring use of the coagulation grasper use was expectedly higher in the cirrhosis group given the known effects of liver disease on hemostasis.

关键词： Endoscopic aubmucosal dissection Cirrhosis Advanced polypectomy Intraprocedural bleeding Colon cancer

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A circular single-stranded DNA mycovirus infects plants and confers broad-spectrum fungal resistance

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 955-971页

作者： Xianhong Wang Ioly Kotta-Loizou robert H.A.Coutts Huifang Deng Zhenhao Han Ni Hong Karim Shafik Liping Wang Yashuang Guo Mengmeng Yang Wenxing Xu Guoping Wang National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops Wuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province Wuhan 430070China Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Natural SciencesImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical and Biological ScienceSchool of Life and Medical SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfield AL109ABUK Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21526Egypt

Circular single-stranded DNA(ssDNA)viruses have been rarely found in fungi,and the evolutionary and ecological relationships among ssDNA viruses infecting fungi and other organisms remain *** this study,a novel circular ssDNA virus,tentatively named Diaporthe sojae circular DNA virus 1(DsCDV1),was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Diaporthe sojae isolated from pear ***1 has a monopartite genome(3185 nt in size)encapsidated in isometric virions(21-26 nm in diameter).The genome comprises seven putative open reading frames encoding a discrete replicase(Rep)split by an intergenic region,a putative capsid protein(CP),several proteins of unknown function(P1-P4),and a long intergenic ***,the two split parts of DsCDV1 Rep share high identities with the Reps of Geminiviridae and Genomoviridae,respectively,indicating an evolutionary linkage with both *** analysis based on Rep or CP sequences placed DsCDV1 in a unique cluster,supporting the establishment of a new family,tentatively named Gegemycoviridae,intermediate to both ***1 significantly attenuates fungal growth and nearly erases fungal virulence when transfected into the host ***,DsCDV1 can systematically infect tobacco and pear seedlings,providing broad-spectrum resistance to fungal *** localization analysis revealed that DsCDV1 P3 is systematically localized in the plasmodesmata,while its expression in trans-complementation experiments could restore systematic infection of a movement-deficient plant virus,suggesting that P3 is a movement ***1 exhibits unique molecular and biological traits not observed in other ssDNA viruses,serving as a link between fungal and plant ssDNA viruses and presenting an evolutionary connection between ssDNA viruses and *** findings contribute to expanding our understanding of ssDNA virus diversity and evolution,offering potential biocontrol applications for managing crucial plant d

关键词： circular single-stranded DNA virus mycovirus virus evolution Genomoviridae Gegemycoviridae Diaporthe sojae circular DNA virus 1

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A cytochrome c551 mediates the cyclic electron transport chain of the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Roseiflexus castenholzii

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 79-93页

作者： Lu Yu Zhenzhen Min Menghua Liu Yueyong Xin Aokun Liu Jian Kuang Wenping Wu Jingyi Wu Huimin He Jiyu Xin robert EBlankenship Changlin Tian Xiaoling Xu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences and Affiliated HospitalKey Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Photosynthesis Research Center College of Life and Environmental SciencesHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and MedicineCenter for Bioanalytical ChemistryHefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Departments of Biology and Chemistry Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Roseiflexus castenholzii is a gram-negativefilamentous phototrophic bacterium that carries out anoxygenic photosynthesis through a cyclic electron transport chain(ETC).The ETC is composed of a reaction center(RC)–light-harvesting(LH)complex(rcRC–LH);an alternative complex III(rcACIII),which functionally re-places the cytochrome bc1/b6f complex;and the periplasmic electron acceptor auracyanin(rcAc).Although compositionally and structurally different from the bc1/b6f complex,rcACIII plays similar essential roles in oxidizing menaquinol and transferring electrons to the ***,rcACIII-mediated electron transfer(which includes both an intraprotein route and a downstream route)has not been clearly elucidated,nor have the details of cyclic ***,we identify a previously unknown monoheme cytochrome c(cyt c551)as a novel periplasmic electron acceptor of *** reduces the light-excited rcRC–LH to complete a cyclic *** also reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in the ETC using electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),spectroelectrochemistry,and enzymatic and structural *** that electrons released from rcACIII-oxidized menaquinol are transferred to two alternative periplasmic electron acceptors(rcAc and cyt c551),which eventually reduce the rcRC to form the complete cyclic *** work serves as a foundation for further studies of ACIII-mediated electron transfer in anoxygenic photosynthesis and broadens our under-standing of the diversity and molecular evolution of prokaryotic ETCs.

关键词： cytochrome c menaquinol oxidoreductase electron transport chain electron paramagnetic reso-nance light-harvesting complex

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert J.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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