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Hydro-mechanical interaction effects and channelling in threedimensional fracture networks undergoing growth and nucleation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 707-719页

作者： Adriana Paluszny Robin nThomas Maria CSaceanu robert WZimmerman department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

The flow properties of geomechanically generated discrete fracture networks are examined in the context of *** networks are generated by growing fractures in tension,modelling the low permeability rock as a linear elastic *** are modelled as discrete surfaces which grow quasi-statically within a three-dimensional(3d)*** may have their locations specified as a simulation input,or be generated as a function of damage,quantified using the local variation in equivalent *** properties of the grown networks are shown to be a product of in situ stress,relative orientation of initial flaws,and competitive process of fracture interaction and *** grow preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the direction of maximum tension and may deviate from this path due to mechanical fracture *** is significantly channelled through a subset of the fractures in the full domain,consistent with observations of other real and simulated *** the fracture networks grow,small changes in the geometry of the fractures lead to large changes in the locations and scale of primary flow *** flow variability and formation of channels are examined for two growing networks,one with a fixed amount of fractures,and another with nucleating *** interaction between fractures is shown to modify the local stress field,and in turn the aperture of the *** for single-phase flow are the results of hydro-mechanical effects in fracture networks during *** are the results of changes to the topology of the network as well as the result of mechanical self-organisation which occurs during interaction leading to growth and intersection.

关键词： Fracture growth Fracture mechanics Stress intensity factor(SIF) Quasi-static growth Finite elements

dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy may explain changes in body composition after spinal cord injury: A retrospective case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2427-2437页

作者： Ashraf S Gorgey robert M Lester Mina P Ghatas Sakita n Sistrun Timothy Lavis Spinal Cord Injury and disorders Service Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMCRichmondVA 23249United States department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States Bionutrition Service Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23249United States

BACKGROUnd Reduced level of physical activity,high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI).Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after *** To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI METHOdS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 *** intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary *** resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body *** Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%,*** body weight decreased by 8%,body fat decreased by 29%,and lean mass increased by 7%.Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.COnCLUSIOn Manipulation of caloric intake,fat percentage,and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.

关键词： Spinal cord injury diet High-protein Low-fat nutrients Basal metabolic rate Case report

dust pollen distribution on a continental scale and its relation to present-day vegetation along north-south transects in east China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 236-246页

作者： P. COUR d. dUZER G. robert M. CALLEJA C. BEAUdOUIn Ecole nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier 34000 Montpellier France UMR CnRS 5554 ISEM Université Montpellier 2 34000 Montpellier France department of Earth Sciences Sun Yat-sen University

A series of dust pollen samples was collected along n-S transects in east China (18°n to 53°n latitudes). Sample sites extend from the cold-temperate zone in the north to the tropical region in the south. Pollen taxa characterize each region and reflect the natural and devastated vegetation as well as corre- sponding climatic zones. The quantitative pollen data can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of planted and introduced species. Valuable information of human disturbance of the natural forest is evaluated by quantitative comparison between dust pollen and in-situ pollen of protected forest. In addition, percentages of grass pollen vary regularly from north to south that is consistent with spatial distribution of net primary productivity in east China. Among all grasses, Artemisia and the Gramineae carry the clearest signal: their ratio increases northwards and therefore represent a suitable and con- venient tool for palaeoclimate reconstructions.

关键词： dust pollen vegetation east China human impact climate zones

Inheritance and allelism of morphological traits in eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.)

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 73-83页

作者： david J.roberts dennis J.Werner Phillip A.Wadl robert n.Trigiano department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityBox 7609Raleigh27695-7609NCUSA department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee2505 E.J.Chapman Dr.370 Plant Biotechnology Bldg.Knoxville37996TNUSA

Inheritance of purple,gold,and variegated foliage types,weeping architecture,and double flower was explored in F1,F2,and backcross families resulting from controlled hybridization of eastern redbud(Cercis canadensis L.).Potential allelic relationships were explored when *** analysis in families derived from controlled hybridization of‘Covey’(green leaf)and‘Forest Pansy’(purple leaf)suggest that purple leaf color and weeping architecture are both controlled by single recessive genes,for which the symbols pl1 and wp1 are proposed,*** of gold leaf was explored in families of‘Covey’(green leaf)×‘Hearts of gold’(gold leaf).Interpretation of inheritance of gold leaf in these families was confounded by the recovery of a leaf color phenotype in the F2 family unlike either ***,data suggested the action of a single locus controlling gold leaf color in‘Hearts of gold’,and that instability of gold leaf expression may be based on transposable element *** of gold leaf in the F2 families of‘Texas White’[green leaf(*** ***)]×‘Jn2’[gold leaf(The Rising Sun)]did not fit a Mendelian *** of progeny of‘Silver Cloud’and‘Floating Clouds’(both showing white/green leaf variegation)with non-variegated cultivars demonstrated that variegation in‘Silver Cloud’is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene,while variegation in‘Floating Clouds’is controlled by cytoplasmic *** symbol var1 is proposed for the gene controlling variegation in‘Silver Cloud’.double flower in progeny derived from‘Flame’(double flower)suggested that double flower is dominant to single flower,and that‘Flame’is heterozygous at the double-flower locus,for which the symbol df1 is *** studies showed that the gene controlling purple leaf in‘Forest Pansy’is allelic to the purple leaf gene in‘Greswan’and that the gene controlling weeping phenotype in‘Traveller’(*** ***)is non-allelic to the wee

关键词： Inheritance Silver symbol

dissecting anxiety-related QTLs in mice by univariate and multivariate mapping

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第21期57卷 2727-2732页

作者： ZHU ZhiHong ZHAnG ChenHao WAnG XuSheng COOK Melloni n WILLIAMS robert LU Lu ZHU Jun ZJU-IBM Biocomputation Laboratory College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China department of Anatomy and neurobiology University of Tennessee Healthy Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA department of Psychology University of MemphisMemphisTN 38152USA

To detect genes underlying anxiety-related traits in mice,we performed univariate and multivariate QTL mapping analyses of phenotypes obtained from 71 mice of the BXd recombinant inbred (RI) strains (n=528 mice) and their parental strains (C57BL/6J and dBA/2J).Separate and joint mapping analyses were carried out using a linkage map composed of 506 simple sequence repeats (SSRs).The main QTL effects,interactions between pairs of QTLs (epistasis),and their environmental interactions were *** results showed that anxiety-related traits were influenced by multiple QTLs (five main effect QTLs and three epistatic QTLs).Ten potential anxiety-related candidate genes within the QTL intervals on chromosomes 5,13 and 15 were *** of these genes have been reported previously to be associated with the anxiety *** on our results,it is suggested that the multivariate QTL mapping approach improves the statistical power for detecting QTL and the precision of parameter ***,multivariate mapping can also detect pleiotropic QTL effects.

关键词： QTL定位映射分析焦虑小鼠多变量单变量 QTL效应解剖

Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1053-1070页

作者： Amber n.Hafeez Sanu Arora Sreya Ghosh david Gilbert robert L.Bowden Brande B.H.Wulff John Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK USdA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKS 66506USA

disease-resistance(R)gene cloning in wheat(Triticum aestivum)has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources,facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and ***,with the challenges of population growth and climate change,it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes,but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten *** populations are continually changing,and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily *** meet this challenge,we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and *** atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens,such as wheat rusts,blotch diseases,powdery mildew,and wheat *** present a costed proposal detailing how the inter-acting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping,mutational genomics,and whole-genome association *** explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat,as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens,and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic,durable approach to R-gene *** against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide,recently estimated at 21%,this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum disease resistance R genes association genetics gene stewardship durable resistance

Influence of donor age on the differentiation and division capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第12期12卷 1640-1651页

作者： Cintia dS Horinouchi María Julia Barisón Anny W robert Crisciele Kuligovski Alessandra M Aguiar Brunodallagiovanna Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory Instituto Carlos ChagasCuritiba 81350010ParanáBrazil

BACKGROUnd Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells(hASCs)are one of the most useful types of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells,which are adult multipotent cells with great therapeutic potential for the treatment of several ***,for successful clinical application,it is critical that high-quality cells can be *** factors seem to be able to influence cell quality and performance,especially factors related to donors’intrinsic characteristics,such as ***,there is no consensus regarding this characteristic,and there is conflicting information in the *** To investigate the growth kinetics and differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from the lipoaspirates of elderly and young *** hASCs were harvested from liposuctioned adipose tissue obtained from female donors(aged 20-70 years).Cells were distributed into two groups according to age range:old hASCs(oASCs,≥55 years,n=9)and young hASCs(yASCs,≤35 years,n=9).For each group,immunophenotypic characterization was performed by flow *** doubling time was assessed over seven *** adipogenic potential evaluation,lipid deposits were assessed after 7 d,14 d and 21 d of adipogenic *** potential was verified by analyzing cell mineralization after 14 d,21 d and 28 d of osteogenic *** expression of PPARγ2,CEBPA and Runx2 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain *** hASCs were successfully obtained,cultured,and grouped according to their age:yASCs(26.33±4.66 years old)and oASCs(64.78±4.58 years old).After maintenance of the cells in culture,there were no differences in morphology between cells from the young and old ***,both groups showed classical immunophenotypic characteristics of mesenchymal stem/stromal *** average doubling time indicated that yASCs(4.09±0.94 d)did not significantly differ from oASCs(4.19±1.29 d).Concerning differentiation pot

关键词： Adipose-derived stem cells Stem cells Adipogenesis Osteogenesis Cell differentiation donor age

Linear logistic regression with weight thresholding for flow regime classification of a stratified wake

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第2期13卷 120-127页

作者： Xinyi L.d.Huang robert F.Kunz Xiang I.A.Yang department of Mechanical Engineering Penn State UniversityUniversity Park16802PAUSA

A stratified wake has multiple flow regimes,and exhibits different behaviors in these regimes due to the competing physical effects of momentum and *** work aims at automated classification of the weakly and the strongly stratified turbulence regimes based on information available in a full Reynolds stress ***,we generate a direct numerical simulation database with Reynolds numbers from 10,000 to 50,000 and Froude numbers from 2 to ***(100)independent realizations of temporally evolving wakes are computed to get converged ***,we train a linear logistic regression classifier with weight thresholding for automated flow regime *** classifier is designed to identify the physics critical to *** against data at one flow condition,the classifier is found to generalize well to other Reynolds and Froude *** results show that the physics governing wake evolution is universal,and that the classifier captures that physics.

关键词： Stratified wake Classification Supervised learning Full Reynolds stress modelling

Genetic variation amongst biotypes of dactylopius tomentosus

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 360-374页

作者： Catherine W. Mathenge Markus Riegler G. Andrew C. Beattie robert n. Spooner-Hart Paul Holford School of Science and Health University of Western Sydney (Hawkesbury Campus) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 Penrith NSW 2751 Australia

The tomentose cochineal scale insect, dactylopius tomentosus （Lamarck）（Hemiptera： dactylopiidae）, is an important biological control agent against invasive species of Cylindropuntia （Caryophyllales： Cactaceae）. Recent studies have demonstrated that this scale is composed of host-affiliated biotypes with differential host specificity and fitness on particular host species. We investigated genetic variation and phylogenetic rela-tionships among d. tomentosus biotypes and provenances to examine the possibility that genetic diversity may be related to their host-use pattern, and whether their phylogenetic relationships would give insights into taxonomic relatedness of their host plants. nucleotide sequence comparison was accomplished using sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I （COI） gene. Sequences of individuals from the same host plant within a region were identical and characterized by a unique haplotype. Individuals belonging to the same biotype but from different regions had similar haplotypes. However, haplotypes were not shared between different biotypes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the monophyletic d. tomentosus into 3 well-resolved clades of biotypes. The phylogenetic relationships and clustering of biotypes corresponded with known taxonomic relatedness of their hosts. Two biotypes, Fulgida and Mamillata, tested positive for Wolbachia （α-Proteobacteria）, a common endosymbiont of insects. The Wolbachia sequences were serendipitously detected by using insect-specific COI dnA barcoding primers and are most similar to Wolbachia Supergroup F strains. This study is the first molecular characterization of cochineal biotypes that, together with Wolbachia sequences, contribute to the better identification of the biotypes of cochineal insects and to the biological control of cacti using host-specific biotypes of the scale.

关键词： biotypes Cylindropuntia spp. dactylopiidae Hemiptera tomentose cochineal scale Wolbachia spp.