检索结果-南通市图书馆

International Journal of digital Earth 2016年第12期9卷 1185-1205页

作者： n.Sang C.gold d.Miller department of Landscape Architecture Planning and Management Swedish University of Agricultural ScienceAlnarpSweden AnserGIS AB LundSweden department of Computing and Mathematics University of South WalesPontypriddUK The James Hutton Institute AberdeenUK

The effort to develop a digital Earth has made dramatic progress in terms of visualisation and visual data integration for use-cases which demand semantically rich *** provide this analysis and ensure legitimate representations of the spatial data from which visualisation are derived,it is necessary to provide more comprehensive analytical capabilities of the *** of aesthetic valuation of landscape require a richer analytical response than simply‘whether and possibly how much of’an object or area of land can be *** requires interrogation of the scene as it appears and to distinguish between transient visual effects and those locally invariant to view point *** paper explores a data structure to support scene *** such,it first reviews the existing techniques from the fields of GIS and computer graphics as to their potential and limitations in providing a qualitatively more nuanced visual *** then introduces a new method of encoding visually apparent relationships into terrain models.A prototype implementation is presented based on the Quad-Edge Triangular Irregular network,though it is believed that raster or vector implementation would be *** developed primarily with landscape analysis in mind,the method could have wider applicability.

关键词： Visibility analysis landscape topology viewshed

Ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 254-270页

作者： robert n.REEd John d.WILLSOn Gordon H.ROddA Michael E.dORCAS US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColorado department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia department of Biology Davidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA

An invasive population of Burmese pythons(Python molurus bivittatus)is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native *** has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread?We scored the Burmese python for each of 15 literature-based attributes relative to predefined comparison groups from a diverse range of taxa and provide a review of the natural history and ecology of Burmese pythons relevant to each *** focused on attributes linked to spread and magnitude of impacts rather than establishment *** results suggest that attributes related to body size and generalism appeared to be particularly applicable to the Burmese python’s success in *** attributes with the highest scores were:high reproductive potential,low vulnerability to predation,large adult body size,large offspring size and high dietary ***,attributes of ectotherms in general and pythons in particular(including predatory mode,energetic efficiency and social interactions)might have also contributed to invasion *** establishment risk assessments are an important initial step in prevention of new establishments,evaluating species in terms of their potential for spreading widely and negatively impacting ecosystems might become part of the means by which resource managers prioritize control efforts in environments with large numbers of introduced species.

关键词： body size Burmese python Florida invasive species Python molurus

Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: non-invasive assessment

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9880-9897页

作者： Rustam n Karanjia Mary ME Crossey I Jane Cox Haddy KS Fye Ramou njie robert d.gold.n Simon d Taylor-Robinson Liver Unit Division of Digestive Health Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London St Mary’s Campus London W2 1NY United Kingdom Institute of Hepatology London Foundation for Liver Research 111 Coldharbour Lane London SE5 9NT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London SE5 9NT United Kingdom MRC Gambia Atlantic Road Fajara The Gambia

Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and usually develops over many years, as a result of chronic inflammation and scarring, resulting in end-stage liver disease and its complications. The progression of disease is characterised by ongoing inflammation and consequent fibrosis, although hepatic steatosis is increasingly being recognised as an important pathological feature of disease, rather than being simply an innocent bystander. However, the current gold standard method of quantifying and staging liver disease, histological analysis by liver biopsy, has several limitations and can have associated morbidity and even mortality. Therefore, there is a clear need for safe and noninvasive assessment modalities to determine hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. This review covers key mechanisms and the importance of fibrosis and steatosis in the progression of liver disease. We address non-invasive imaging and blood biomarker assessments that can be used as an alternative to information gained on liver biopsy.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fibrosis non-invasive assessment Blood biomarker Ultrasound

Routine use of thiopurines in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9185-9190页

作者： Brendan M Boyle Michael d Kappelman Richard B Colletti robert n Baldassano david E Milov Wallace V Crandall nationwide Children’s Hospital department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of Vermont Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia nemours Children’s Clinic

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of thiopurines in maintaining steroid-free remission in routine clinical practice.

关键词： Crohn's disease Pediatric Remission Thiopurines Mercaptopurine

Fractal and Multifractal Propertiesof the Spatial distribution of natural Fractures——Analyses and Applications

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第4期73卷 477-487页

作者： XU Jiandong QU Guosheng robert d. JACOBI Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 PRC department of Geology State University of New York at Buffalo USA

The Cantor's dust theory is applied to investigate the scaling properites of the spatial distribution of natural fractures obtained from detailed scanline surveys of 27 field sites in the Appalachian Plateau of western new York, USA. The results obtained in this study indicate: 1) fracture spacing is characterized by fractal and multifractal properties. On small scales analyses yield an average fractal dimension of 0.15, which suggests a very high degree of clustering. In contrast, on large scales, fractures tend to be more regular and evenly distributed with an average fracture dimension of 0.52; 2) fractal dimension varies with different sets in different orientations, which can be attributed to interactions between pre-existing fractures and younger ones, as well as variations of the intensity of the stresses under which the fractures were formed; 3) a time sequence of fracture set formation can be proposed based on fractal and multifractal analyses, which consists of (from old to young): n-S, nW, EnE, and nE-striking sets. This time sequence is confirmed by the study of the abutting relationships of different fracture sets observed in the field.

关键词： fractal multifractal fracture

Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut:Molecular biology, breeding, environmental stress,and future perspectives

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 229-237页

作者： Jake C.Fountain Pawan Khera Liming Yang Spurthi n.nayak Brian T.Scully robert d.Lee Zhi-Yuan Chen robert C.Kemerait Rajeev K.Varshney Baozhu Guo department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad Telangana India USdA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA USA Huaiyin normal University School of Life Sciences USdA-ARS US Horticultural Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between *** and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.

关键词： Host resistance Molecular breeding Aflatoxin contamination Reactive oxygen species ROS

Evolution of non‑lichenized,saprotrophic species of Arthonia(Ascomycota,Arthoniales)and resurrection of naevia,with notes on Mycoporum

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fungal diversity 2020年第3期102卷 205-224页

作者： Vinodhini Thiyagaraja robert Lücking damien Ertz dhanushka n.Wanasinghe Samantha C.Karunarathna Erio Camporesi Kevin d.Hyde CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50002Thailand World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universitat BerlinKonigin‑Luise‑Str.6-814195 BerlinGermany Research department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service Général de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique Fédération Wallonie-BruxellesRue A.Lavallée 11080 BrusselsBelgium A.M.B.G.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societa per gli Studi naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly

Fungi that are barely lichenized or non-lichenized and closely related to lichenized taxa,the so-called borderline fungi,are an important element in reconstructing the evolutionary history of lichenized *** is a prime example including non-lichenized,saprotrophic lineages which potentially were precursors to lichenized *** this study,we focused on saprotrophic species of Arthonia sensu lato,including new sequence data for Arthonia *** obtained fresh material of this taxon from a living branch of Fraxinus ornus in Italy to assess its taxonomic status and to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships within *** sections of the thallus and ascomata of *** confirmed the absence of a *** likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined mtSSU,nuLSU and RPB2 sequence data placed the species close to ***(barely lichenized or non-lichenized)and ***(non-lichenized)in a clade closely related to Arthonia sensu stricto,and the *** clade is here resurrected under the name *** character state analysis within a broader context of Arthoniales does not support the saprotrophic lifestyle to be a plesiomorphic feature,but suggests loss of lichenization in naevia,as well as loss and possible regain in a second clade containing saprotrophic species and including taxa resembling Mycoporum,underlining the evolutionary plasticity of *** two clades constitute model taxa to further investigate the evolution of alternative biological lifestyles within the context of chiefly lichenized taxa.

关键词： Arthonia susa Arthothelium Evolution Lichenization Mycarthonia Pseudoarthonia Saprobes

Epitaxially aligned single-crystal gold nanoplates formed in large-area arrays at high yield

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 296-303页

作者： Trevor B.demille robert d.neal Arin S.Preston Zijuan Liang Allen G.Oliver robert A.Hughes Svetlana neretina College of Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Well-tailored nanomaterials with a single-crystal character provide ideal building blocks for on-chip plasmonic *** colloidal methods have demonstrated mastery over the synthesis of such structures,it has proven quite difficult to deploy these same nanomaterials on substrate surfaces in a highly deterministic manner where precise control over position and orientation is ***,we demonstrate a room-temperature two-reagent liquid-phase seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoplates directly on substrate surfaces in arrays over a square-centimeter *** synthesis is reliant on benchtop lithographic and directed-assembly processes that give rise to single-crystal seeds of gold that express both an epitaxial relationship with the underlying substrate and the internal defect structure required to promote a two-dimensional growth *** resulting structures are highly faceted and,because seed-substrate epitaxy is imposed upon the growing nanoplates,are identically aligned on the substrate *** yields are increased to values as high as 95%using a post-processing sonication procedure that selectively removes a small population of irregularly shaped nanostructures from the substrate surface,and in doing so,gives rise to an uncompromised plasmonic *** work,therefore,advances the techniques needed to integrate single-crystal nanomaterials with wafer-based technologies and provides leading-edge capabilities in terms of defining large-area arrays of plasmonic structures with the nanoplate geometry.

关键词： nanoplates epitaxial array plasmon Brij-700 block copolymer substrate

Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness costs in response to partial freezing

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy C. Morey robert C. Venette William d. Hutchison department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USdA. Forest Service Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often dictate the bounds to species' distributions. However, population dynamics at, or near, those range limits may also be affected by sublethal effects. We exposed late instars and pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to cold temperatures and measured the effects of exposure on subsequent survivorship, development, and reproduction. Cold temperature was applied as acute exposure to -10 °C (a low, but not immediately lethal temperature for this species) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the supercooling point exotherm). Survival was defined as the ability to successfully eclose as an adult. We measured immature development times, pupal mass, and adult longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Additionally, surviving insects were mated with individuals that had not been exposed to cold to measure fertility. There was no difference between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived acute exposure to -10 °C and those exposed to the control temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and 8% of pupae survived brief periods with internal ice formation and continued development to become reproductively viable adults. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing came with significant fitness costs but not to exposure to -10 °C;most insects that survived partial freezing had lower fertility and shorter adult lifespans than either the -10 °C or control group. These results are discussed within the context of forecasting invasive in sect distributions.

关键词： fertility invasive species partial freeze tolerance supercooling point

Mechanistic study of substrate-based galvanic replacement reactions

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 365-379页

作者： Kyle d. Gilroy Aarthi Sundar Pouyan Farzinpour robert A. Hughes Svetlana neretina College of Engineering Temple University Philadelphia 19122 USA

The sacrificial templates used in galvanic replacement reactions dictate the properties of the hollow metal nanostructures formed. Here, we demonstrate that substrate-based Au-Ag nanoshells with radically altered properties are obtained by merely coating silver templates with an ultrathin layer of gold prior to their insertion into the reaction vessel. The so-formed nanoshells exhibit much smoother surfaces, a higher degree of crystallinity and are far more robust. dealloying the nanoshells results in the first demonstration of substrate-based nanocages. Such cages exhibit a well-defined pattern of geometric openings in directions corresponding to the {111}-facets of the starting template material. The ability to engineer the cage geometry through adjustments to the orientational relationship between the crystal structure of the starting template and that of underlying substrate is demonstrated. Together these discoveries provide the framework to advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing substrate- based galvanic replacement reactions.

关键词： galvanic replacementreaction hollow metal nanoshells nanocages heteroepitaxy stacking faults