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can color vision variation explain sex differences in invertebrate foraging by capuchin monkeys?

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current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 300-312页

作者： Amanda D.MELIN Linda M.FEDIGAN Hilary c.young Shoji KAWAMURA Department of Anthropology University of Calgary Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier SciencesUniversity of Tokyo

Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective coveting, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex： Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more ＂soft＂ sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. color Vision： Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of ex- posed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more ＂hard＂ sedentary invertebrates. We con- elude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision [current Zoology 56 （3）： 300-312, 2010].

关键词： Male Foraging Female Foraging cebus Dichromacy Trichromaey Invertebrate Foraging

Maximizing biomass utilization: An integrated strategy for coproducing multiple chemicals

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 180-191页

作者： Byeongchan Ahn Sua Jo Jonggeol Na J.Jay Liu young-Ju Kim Wangyun Won Department of chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Department of chemical Engineering (Integrated process) Kyung Hee University Department of chemical Engineering and Materials Science Ewha Womans University Department of chemical Engineering Pukyong National University Resources Engineering Plant Research Department Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the viable solutions to alleviate the global warming. However, the limited utilization of biomass majorly focused on cellulose and hemicellulose restricts the economic and environmental feasibilities. To cope with this issue, we proposed an integrated process of co-producing 1,6-hexanediol（1,6-HDO） with tetrahydrofuran and adipic acid from biomass, referred to as Strategy A. To compare the impacts of lignin upgrading and feedstock, Strategy B, which co-produces tetrahydrofuran alone, and Strategy c, which is the traditional route to produce 1,6-HDO from fossil fuels, were used. Heat networks are also designed to reduce operating costs and indirect carbon emissions due to energy consumption, saving 87% and 83% of the heat and cooling requirements, respectively, in Strategy A. The market competitiveness of Strategy A was evaluated by determining the minimum selling price through techno-economic analysis, and sustainability was thoroughly investigated by quantifying the environmental impacts through both midpoint and endpoint life-cycle assessments（LcAs）.Strategy A was found to be the most favorable both economically（USRDScHARDOLLAR3,402/ton） and environmentally（-26.9 kg cO2eq.）. This indicates that lignin valorization is not only economically but also environmentally preferred. Finally, changes in economic and environmental feasibilities depending on economic, process, and environmental parameters were investigated using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. The results of these analyses provide valuable insight into bio-based chemical production.

关键词： carbon capture and utilization

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun young choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

STRIKING GOLD:HISTORIc PRESERVATION AND LEED

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Journal of Green Building 2008年第1期3卷 24-43页

作者： robert A.young Architecture and Historic Preservation Program University of Utah College of Architecture+Planning

INTRODUcTION“How can historic preservation be green?”“can efforts toward a sustainable future embrace and respect historic preservation?”While adherents to the preservation movement and the environmental movement argue these questions demonstratively from their particular perspectives,a growing number of successful historic preservation projects have begun to provide clear evidence that preservation is indeed green,especially when the broader view that encompasses social,environmental,and economic sustainability is ***,the historic preservation movement and the environmental movement both derive from the same intent to provide stewardship of the *** preservation movement largely has focused on the built environment with some more recent efforts recognizing the broader environment of cultural ***,the environmental movement has largely been seen as a tool for stewardship of the natural *** the surface,both movements may appear to be opposite sides of the same coin with overlapping and at times seemingly confl icting *** those familiar with the long-term tenets of the preservation movement,this is a false perception since within the historic preservation movement it has long been known and accepted that reusing existing buildings is one of the most sustainable forms of stewardship of the environment.

关键词： preservation landscape historic

A mechanistic study of cO removal on a small H-saturated platinum cluster

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Science china chemistry 2008年第12期51卷 1187-1196页

作者： FORREY robert c Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University Berks Campus Reading PA 19610 USA

cO poisoning to platinum catalysts has long been recognized as one of the major technical obstacles in heterogeneous catalysis and its successful removal represents a significant challenge to a wide variety of applications. Using density functional theory (DFT), we performed systematic theoretical calcula-tions to explore the cO removal mechanisms, in the presence of hydrogen, via oxidation by oxygen to form cO2 or reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde using a subnano Pt cluster as a model for catalyst nanoparticles. We show that cO oxidation is both thermochemically and kinetically difficult at low H coverage but becomes very exothermic with a moderate activation barrier at high H coverage, suggesting that the oxidation can be carried out readily at elevated temperatures. Doping the Pt cluster with Ru can significantly improve the oxidation thermochemical energy and moderately reduce the activation barrier. The results are consistent with experimental observations. We found that cO reduction by hydrogen to form formaldehyde is moderately endothermic. However, the reaction is predicted to be kinetically difficult due to the relatively high activation barriers associated with the sequential H attacks to the cO molecule.

关键词： cluster Pt-Au alloy full H-saturation cO oxidation cO hydrogenation density functional theory

A critical Review of the Evidence for M32 being a compact Dwarf Satellite of M31 rather than a More Distant Normal Galaxy

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2008年第4期8卷 369-384页

作者： c. Ke-shih young Malcolm J. currie robert J. Dickens A-Li Luo Tong-Jie Zhang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China School of Physics University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 Australia Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Didcot Oxfordshire OX 11 0QX Great Britain Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Since Baade＇s photographic study of M32 in the mid 1940s, it has been accepted as an established fact that M32 is a compact dwarf satellite of M31. The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of our investigation into the nature of the existing evidence. We find that the case for M32 being a satellite of M31 rests upon Hubble Space Telescope （HST） based stellar population studies which have resolved red-giant branch （RGB） and red clump stars in M32 as well as other nearby galaxies. Taken in isolation, this recent evidence could be considered to be conclusive in favour of the existing view. However, the conventional scenario does not explain M32＇s anomalously high central velocity dispersion for a dwarf galaxy （several times that of either NGc 147, NGc 185 or NGc 205） or existing planetary nebula observations （which suggest that M32 is more than twice as distant as M31） and also requires an elaborate physical explanation for M32＇s inferred compactness. conversely, we find that the case for M32 being a normal galaxy, of the order of three times as distant as M31, is supported by：（1） a central velocity dispersion typical of intermediate galaxies, （2） the published planetary nebula observations, and （3） known scaling relationships for normal early-type galaxies. However, this novel scenario cannot account for the high apparent luminosities of the RGB stars resolved in the M32 direction by HST observations. We are therefore left with two apparently irreconcilable scenarios, only one of which can be correct, but both of which suffer from potentially fatal evidence to the *** suggests that current understanding of some relevant fields is still very far from adequate.

关键词： galaxies:individual M32 - galaxies distances and redshifts - galaxies dwarf- galaxies elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies fundamental parameters

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干燥器优化的简易方法

化工厂设计 1989年第3期9卷 31-33页

作者： Gary c.young 张近陕西师大

本文提出了一种仅仅基手物料组成,流量及温度来寻求干燥器新操作条件的快速方法。

关键词：干燥器性能优化

Endangered species and nature conservation: science issues and challenges

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第2期3卷 75-82页

作者： robert c.SZARO US Geological Survey Biological Resources DisciplineRestonVirginiaUSA

The issues and challenges facing us in ensuring the survival of as many species and ecosystems as possible call fora renewed research focus to address how to improve management strategies and policy making now and into thefuture. The key issues to be addressed by activities of the International Union of Forest Research Organization’s(IUFRO) Task Force on Endangered Species and Nature conservation include such issues as: (i) preventing speciesfrom being listed by maintaining species populations at sufficient levels that they do not require listing;(ii) recoveringthreatened and endangered species;(iii) developing management practices and strategies;(iv) balancingactions affecting suites of threatened or endangered species;(v) developing conservation strategies for specieswithout definitive taxonomic treatments;(vi) dealing with global change;(vii) dealing with invasive species;and(viii) restoring critical habitats.

关键词： endangered species management practices nature conservation restoration science issues

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES FOR THE REHABILITATION OF AN HISTORIc STATE OFFIcE BUILDING

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Journal of Green Building 2014年第4期9卷 23-42页

作者： robert c.Burns AIA LEED AP

When the commonwealth of Virginia determined to renovate the Ninth Street Office Building for continued use as badly needed office space,it was confronted with many *** only does the prime location of the 11-story building on Richmond’s capitol Square come into play,but also the complications inherent in the rehabilitation of any iconic 110-year old building for contemporary *** the commonwealth’s mandate to meet a minimum threshold for sustainability,and we have the recipe for a challenging,but ultimately rewarding,*** article will describe the historic evolution of the project along with a discussion of the process necessary to design and implement a sustainable building solution within the context of an historic building,including identification of potential sustainable strategies and the implementation of an appropriate approach to arrive at the final solution.

关键词： Historic rehabilitation adaptive reuse public projects sustainable strategies embodied energy