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Deep.ice: A deep.learning and deep.feature b.sed classification of Rice leaf disease sub.yp.s

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, p. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha robert, Jennifer Eunice Andrew, J. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manip.l Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial stap.e food glob.lly, with its enduring sustainab.lity hinging on the p.omp. detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds p.ramount imp.rtance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent p.st, the identification of leaf p.thologies in crop. p.edominantly relies on manual methods using sp.cialized equip.ent, which p.oves to b. time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy b. harnessing Deep.Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comp.ehensive dataset comp.ising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assemb.ed along with the b.nchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irresp.ctive of the extent of disease sp.ead across the leaves. These classes encomp.ss diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe b.ight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe b.ast, as well as mild and severe b.own sp.t. Following meticulous manual lab.lling and dataset segmentation, which was validated b. horticulture exp.rts, data augmentation strategies were imp.emented to amp.ify the numb.r of images. The datasets were sub.ected to evaluation using the p.op.sed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their p.rformance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning ap.roaches like VGG16, Xcep.ion, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Incep.ion ResnetV2, and Incep.ion V3. The effectiveness of the p.op.sed custom VGG16 model was gauged b. its cap.city to generalize to unseen images, yielding an excep.ional accuracy of 99.94%, surp.ssing the b.nchmarks set b. existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interp.etab.e AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. p.b.ishing services b. Elsevier b.V. on b.half of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an op.n access article under the CC b.-NC-ND license (http.//creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep.learning CNN Crop.yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

Adding Value to Crop.p.oduction Systems b. Integrating Forage Cover Crop.Grazing

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American Journal of p.ant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： robert b. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth p. Vogel Terry J. Klop.enstein Galen Erickson p. Step.en b.enziger b.uce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay p.rsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Dep.rtment of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are imp.rtant cool-season annual forages and cover crop.. Yearling steer (b.s taurus) p.rformance was comp.red in the sp.ing following autumn estab.ishment as for age cover crop. after soyb.an [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Rep.icated p.stures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soyb.an stub.le in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following sp.ing near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each p.sture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in sp.ing with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, resp.ctively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat b. 0.31 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale b. 0.12 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghdp.-1p.dp.-1p.. b.sed on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kgp.-1p., mean net return ($ hap.-1p. yrp.-1p.) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crop. p.ovide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could b. viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. b.sed on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was sup.rior to wheat and likely will p.ovide the most stab.e b.ef yearling p.rformance across years with variab.e weather for the western Cornb.lt USA.

关键词： Cover crop. Soyb.an Triticale Wheat

Construction of a sequential light-harvesting system via sup.amolecular cop.lymerization

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中国化学快报:英文版 2023年第8期34卷 1-2页

作者： Hongwei Qian Tangxin Xiao robert b.p.elmes Leyong Wang School of p.trochemical Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Dep.rtment of Chemistry Maynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo.KildareIreland State Key Lab.ratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The current energy crisis is a worldwide p.ob.em and the search for clean and economic energy p.oduction is a glob.l *** this context,the exp.oitation and utilization of solar energy is b.coming more and more *** in nature sets an outstanding examp.e to harvest,transfer and store solar energy[1].In most of the p.otosynthetic organisms such as p.rp.e p.otosynthetic b.cteria,the rigid p.otein scaffolds serve as key elements to b.nd p.gments and control their excitation energy *** energy transfer is esp.cially intriguing in this field to make full use of full-b.nd solar *** mimic natural p.otosynthesis[2].

关键词： b.coming harvesting store

Construction of molecular nanotub.s with p.ecise length,diameter and chirality

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中国化学快报:英文版 2023年第9期34卷 3-4页

作者： Qiaona Zhang Hongwei Qian Tangxin Xiao robert b.p.elmes Leyong Wang School of p.trochemical Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Dep.rtment of Chemistry Maynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo.KildareIreland State Key Lab.ratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Molecular nanotub.s are nanoscale organic materials with tub.lar architecture,that show p.tential ap.lications in molecular recognition/sep.ration,cross-memb.ane transp.rtation,catalysis in confined sp.ces,and nanoelectronics[1].However,the p.ecise construction of molecular nanotub.s with well-defined cavity sizes and shap.s is non-trivial.

关键词： p.ecise sizes molecular

Dynamic materials fab.icated from water solub.e p.llar[n]arenes b.aring triethylene oxide group.

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第2期30卷 271-276页

作者： Tangxin Xiao Ling Zhou Lixiang Xu Weiwei Zhong Wei Zhao Xiao-Qiang Sun robert b.p.elmes School of p.trochemical Engineering Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University Dep.rtment of Chemistry Maynooth University National University of Ireland

p.llar[n]arenes are a new kind of sup.amolecular macrocyclic hosts which have develop.d rap.dly due to their unique top.logy and high functionality, giving rise to many ap.lications in the construction of interesting and functional materials. Among them, water-solub.e p.llar[n]arenes b.aring triethylene oxide (TEO) chains have drawn increasing research interest due to their advantageous p.op.rties. In this review, we summarized the recent p.ogress of dynamic materials fab.icated from water solub.e p.llar[n]arenes b.aring TEO group., including thermo resp.nsive materials with lower critical solution temp.rature (LCST) b.havior, cyclic host liquids, and smart windows. It is anticip.ted that more and more ‘smart' sup.amolecular materials b.sed on modified p.llar[n]arenes will b. develop.d in this b.rgeoning area of research.

关键词： p.llar[n]arenes Host-guest interactions LCST Thermoresp.nsive materials Smart window

Effects of soil metal(loid)s p.llution on microb.al activities and environmental risks in an ab.ndoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Dep.rtment of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equip. Environnement et Microb.ologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Ab.ndoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic sub.tances can seriously threaten and p.se a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samp.es were collected from different dep.hs(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microb.al *** p.tential ecological risk indices for the different soil dep.hs(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging b.tween 1840.65-13,089.62,and rep.esenting extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and p.ob.b.y not arsenic)contrib.ted to the highest environmental risk.A modified comb.ned p.llution risk index(MCR)comb.ning total content and mob.le p.op.rtion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and p.tential environmental *** the near-surface samp.es(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,p.0}Sb.and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligib.e or low to moderate p.llution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samp.es were used to assess the microb.al metab.lic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship.b.tween metal(loid)s exchangeab.e fraction or content and microb.al activity characteristics(p.0.05).The microb.al metab.lic activity in the D-1 layer was low p.esumab.y due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microb.al activities in ab.ndoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Ab.ndoned chemical smelting sites Microb.al activities Modified comb.ned p.llution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

Artificial light-harvesting systems fab.icated b. sup.amolecular host–guest interactions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2019年第1期30卷 31-36页

作者： Tangxin Xiao Weiwei Zhong Ling Zhou Lixiang Xu Xiao-Qiang Sun robert b.p.elmes Xiao-Yu Hu Leyong Wang School of p.trochemical Engineering Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University Dep.rtment of Chemistry Maynooth University National University of Ireland Key Lab.ratory of Mesoscop.c Chemistry of MOE School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University

Artificial light-harvesting systems(LHSs) have drawn increasing research interest in recent times due to the energy crisis worldwide. Concurrently, macrocycle-b.sed host–guest interactions have p.ayed an imp.rtant role in the develop.ent of sup.amolecular chemistry. In recent years, studies towards artificial LHSs driven b. macrocycle-b.sed host–guest interactions are gradually b.ing disclosed. In this mini-review, we b.iefly introduce the b.rgeoning p.ogress of artificial LHSs driven b. host–guest interactions. We b.lieve that an increasing numb.r of rep.rts of artificial LHSs driven b. host–guest interactions will ap.ear in the near future and will p.ovide a viab.e alternative for the future p.oduction of renewab.e energy.

关键词： Light-harvesting systems Macrocycle Host-guest interactions Sup.amolecular chemistry Self-assemb.y

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therap.

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta b.rak James Halle-Smith p.ter Lab.b.Moath Alarab.yat Ravi Marudanayagam b.b.y V Dasari Keith J roberts Syed S Raza Michail p.p.michail David C b.rtlett robert p.Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Dep.rtment of Hep.top.ncreatob.liary Surgery and Liver Transp.antation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherap. University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

b.CKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therap.(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accep.ed and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and p.esent the exp.rience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was p.rformed according to p.ISMA guidance to identify all studies rep.rting outcomes of p.tients with dCCA who received *** p.tients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrosp.ctively collected from a p.osp.ctively maintained *** characteristics,NAT typ.,p.ogression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectab.e”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies rep.rted outcomes for 9 p.tients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged b.tween 0 and 100%b.t without survival b.nefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectab.e dCCA or inclusive with extrahep.tic *** p.esented case series includes 9 p.tients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for b.rderline resectab.e or locally advanced *** p.tients p.ogressed to surgery and 2 were *** p.tient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for b.nefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectab.lity for dCCA is *** p.op.se using the estab.ished National-Comp.ehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for p.ncreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therap. Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

Effect of b.ochar Typ. and b.adyrhizob.um jap.nicum Seed Inoculation on Soyb.an Growth, Nodulation and Yield in a Trop.cal Ferric Acrisol

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 635-675页

作者： Gb.deb. Monday Eleb.yo robert Thomas b.chmann Dep.rtment of Crop.and Soil Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana b.anch Camp.s Malaysian Institute of Chemical and b.o-Engineering Technology Green Chemistry and Sustainable Engineering Technology Cluster Universiti Kuala Lumpur Alor Gajah Malaysia

In trop.cal environments, most soyb.an growth studies have utilized rice husk b.ochar (RHb. in soil, even though it is low in nitrogen, p.tassium, and p.osp.orous. This may not give short-term agronomic p.rformance relative to enriched b.ochar. Moreover, the imp.ct of inoculating soyb.an seeds with atmosp.eric nitrogen-fixing b.cterium b.adyrhizob.um jap.nicum on nodulation and grain yield has p.oduced inconclusive findings in the literature. This research therefore aims to assess the effect of p.ultry manure (p.), p.ultry manure b.ochar (p.b. and RHb.alone and in comb.nations on grain yield, dry shoot and root b.omass of soyb.ans in the semi-deciduous agro-ecological zone. In addition, the effect of b. jap.nicum inoculated and non-inoculated soyb.an seeds on nodulation and grain yield was also investigated. The treatments followed a sp.it p.ot design studying inoculation and non-inoculation, soil amendments (eight), and control sub.lot factors, resp.ctively. The results show that the amendment of a ferric acrisol with 4 Mg∙ha−1 p., 10 Mg∙ha−1 RHb.+ 2 Mg∙ha−1 p., and 5 Mg∙ha−1 RHb.+ 4 Mg∙ha−1 p.b.with b. jap.nicum inoculated seed p.oduced significantly greater grain yield (p.= 0.05). p. treatment had a significant (p.b. jap.nicum-inoculated soyb.an seeds significantly (p.= 0.014) increased soyb.an nodulation. This study suggests that RHb.comb.ned with p. or p.b.p.ovides a b.neficial source of N, p. and K, resulting in imp.oved soyb.an yield and nodulation in a trop.cal ferric acrisol.

关键词： b.ochar p.ultry Manure Soil Fertility Soil Microorganism Soyb.an p.oduction