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Reproductive Behavior and Underwater Calls in the Emei Mustache Toad,Leptobrachium boringii

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Asian Herpetological Research 2011年第4期2卷 199-215页

作者： Yuchi ZHENG Dingqi RAO robert w.murphy Xiaomao ZENG Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum100 Queen’s ParkToronto M5S 2C6OntarioCanada

The Emei mustache toad, Leptobrachium boringii （Megophryidae）, is terrestrial but breeds in permanent streams. Primarily, it has a polygynous mating system and polyandry also occurs. The species vigorously defends submerged nest sites. we report on a reproductive study at Mt. Emei, western China conducted in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2011 during the breeding season. Males produce both advertisement and courtship calls underwater, and the latter differs from the former in having an additional trill-like last note of low intensity. Females might determine the oviposition location and hence the egg mass location. A low, submissive posture can be adopted by the male to avoid being attacked by other males. when fighting, the maxillary nuptial spines are employed as weapons, and males hold their opponents on their spines with the forelimbs that enlarge during the breeding season. Male body size and the quantity of fight wounds on its ventral side are positively correlated. Satellite male mating might exist in L. boringii. Additionally, underwater calls from another population of this species and a population of L. leishanense generally are similar to those of the population from Mt. Emei.

关键词： advertisement call courtship call underwater call male combat male weaponry nest inspection satellite male reproductive tactic

The gap in research on polyploidization between plants and vertebrates:model systems and strategic challenges

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Science Bulletin 2015年第17期60卷 1471-1478页

作者： Jing Chai Yuebo Su Feng Huang Shaojun Liu Min Tao robert w.murphy Jing Luo Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources and Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province School of Life SciencesYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum

Polyploidization via whole-genome duplications （wGD） is a common phenomenon in organisms. However, investigations into this phenomenon differ greatly between plants and animals. Recent research on polyploid plants illustrates the immediate changes that follow wGDs and the mechanisms behind in both genetic and epigenetic consequences. Unfortunately, equivalent questions remain to be explored in animals. Enlightened by botanical research, the study of polyploidization in vertebrates involves the identification of model animals and the establishment of strategies. Here we review and compare the research on plants and vertebrates while considering intrageneric or intraspecific variation in genome size. Suitable research methods on recently established poly- ploidy systems could provide important clues for under- standing what happens after wGDs in vertebrates. The approach yields insights into survival and the rarity of polyploidization in vertebrates. The species of Carassius and the allopolyploid system of goldfish × common carp hybridization appear to be suitable models for unraveling the evolution and adaptation of polyploid vertebrates.

关键词： Polyploidization Recurrent wGD events Genome size variation Next-generation sequencing

Toward a Phylogeny of the Kukri Snakes,Genus Oligodon

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Asian Herpetological Research 2010年第1期1卷 1-21页

作者： Marc D.Green Nikolai L.Orlov robert w.murphy Department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum100 Queen’s Park TorontoON M5S 2C6 Canada Zoological Institute Russian Academy of SciencesUniversitetskaya nab 1 St.Petersburg 199034Russia State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The South and Southeast Asian snake genus Oligodon, known for its egg-eating feeding behavior, has been a taxonomically and systematically challenging group. This work provides the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus. we use approximately 1900 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer the relationships of these snakes, and we examine congruence between the phylogeny and hemipenial characters. A hypothesis for the position of Oligodon within the Colubridae is also proposed. we discuss the implications of the phylogeny for previous taxonomic groupings, and consider the usefulness of the trees in analysis of behavior and biogeography of this genus.

关键词： Oligodon genealogy Colubridae hemipenis mitochondrial DNA Southeast Asia South Asia

Matrilineal Genealogy of Hynobius (Caudata:Hynobiidae) and a Temporal Perspective on Varying Levels of Diversity among Lineages of Salamanders on the Japanese Islands

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第4期3卷 288-302页

作者： Yuchi ZHENG Rui PENG robert w.murphy Masaki KURO-O Lujun HU Xiaomao ZENG Department of Herpetology Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered wildlife College of Life SciencesSichuan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum Department of Biology Hirosaki University

Previous work found that different Japanese lineages of salamanders had quite different levels of species and genetic diversity. Lineages vary from having one to several species and the extent of genetic variation among lineages differs substantially. Most speciose,genus Hynobius contains 18 species and several potential cryptic species. we explore genetic diversity in this genus by combining comprehensive sampling and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Based on this and previous analyses of salamanders,relative times of divergence are employed to evaluate the relationship between age and diversity among the four major lineages whose distributions broadly overlap on the islands. For Hynobius,our analyses are congruent with the previously reported high level of cryptic diversity in morphology and allozymes,particularly in species composed of non-sister matrilines. Both species and genetic diversity correlate with the relative ages of the lineages. This correlation indicates that the variation in levels of diversity can be explained,to a considerable extent,by the hypothesis that older insular lineages have accumulated greater diversity. In addition to the Korean Peninsula,H. leechii might have survived in another Pleistocene glacial refugium north of the peninsula and this refugium provided a source of colonization after the last glacial maximum.

关键词： tempo of diversification salamander Japanese Archipelago Hynobius cryptic species northern glacial refugium

Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton(Caudata: Salamandridae) with the Description of a New Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第2期5卷 67-79页

作者： Zhiyong YUAN Haipeng ZHAO Ke JIANG Mian HOU Lizhong HE robert w.murphy Jing CHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution and Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Life Science Henan University College of Continuing Education Sichuan Normal University Qixiling Nature Reserve Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queens Park Toronto Canada M5S 2C6

The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.

关键词： Matrilineal genealogy amphibians cryptic species Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.

Testing Hypotheses of Pleistocene Population History Using Coalescent Simulations: Refugial Isolation and Secondary Contact in Pseudepidalea raddei (Amphibia: Bufonidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2012年第2期3卷 103-113页

作者： Bingjun DONG Jing CHE Li DING Song HUANG robert w.murphy Ermi ZHAO Yaping ZHANG Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education) College of Life Sciences Sichuan University College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Shenyang Normal University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Huangshan University Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queen's Park

The impact of the Quaternary glaciation on eastern China’s local fauna and flora is a topic of considerable interest. we use mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) sequences and coalescent simulations to test two general biogeographic hypotheses related to the effect of the Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on a widespread, eastern Chinese amphibian, Pseudepidalea raddei. Genealogical reconstructions are made and they detect major western and eastern lineages, which overlap in northwestern China, and possibly indicate the secondary contact of the populations that had entered the region from separate glacial refugia. Coalescent tests rejected alternative hypotheses of fragmentation of either a widespread ancestor or panmixia. The tests instead supported the hypothesis of geographic isolation and a remarkable dispersal pattern in one of the lineages. Though the Pleistocene climatic events are known to have affected the historical distributions and intra-specific divergence of Chinese squamates, coalescent and non-coalescent demographic analyses indicated that the toad P. raddei was not adversely affected by glacial cycling. Presumably, an increase in the amount of climatically mild habitats in East Asia is due to the development of monsoons since the Mid-late Pleistocene is responsible for the relatively mild effects.

关键词： Mongolian toad Pleistocene refugia phylogeography biogeography

Comparative Skin Histology of Frogs Reveals High-elevation Adaptation of the Tibetan Nanorana parkeri

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第2期10卷 79-85页

作者： Chunhua YANG Tingting FU Xinqiang LAN Yun ZHANG Lotanna Micah NNEJI robert w.murphy Yanbo SUN Jing CHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences650223 KunmingChina Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University230601 HefeiChina Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences650223 KunmingChina Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum100 Queen’s ParkTorontoOnt.M5S 2C6Canada Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences650223 KunmingChina

Adaptations to extreme environmental conditions are intriguing. Animal skin, which directly interacts with external environment, plays diverse and important roles in adaptive evolution. The thin and bare skin of amphibians is sensitive to external environmental conditions and, thus, it facilitates investigations into adaptations for living in extreme environments. Herein, we compare the structures of skin in four anuran species living at elevations ranging from 100 m to 4500 m to assess phenotypic innovations in the skin of Nanorana parkeri, which lives at extremely high elevations. Analyses reveal similar basic skin structures, but N. parkeri differs from the other species by having more epidermal capillaries and granular glands, which correlate highly with responses to hypoxia and/or ultraviolet(UV) radiation. Further intraspecific comparisons from frogs taken at ~4500 m and ~2900 m reveal that all of the changes are fixed. Changes occurring only in the higher elevation population, such as possessing more skin pigments, may represent local adaptations to coldness and/or UV radiation. These results provide a morphological basis for understanding further the molecular adaptations of these frogs.

关键词： Nanorana parkeri skin structure phenotypic innovation high-elevation adaptation

A new species of genus Fejervarya (Anura:Dicroglossidae) from northern Thailand

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Zoological Research 2016年第6期37卷 327-337页

作者： Chatmongkon SUwANNAPOOM Zhi-Yong YUAN Nikolay A.POYARKOV Jr. Fang YAN Somboon KAMTAEJA robert w.murphy Jing CHE State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Division of Fishery School of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Phayao Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Forestry Southwest Forestry University Department of Vertebrate Zoology Biological FacultyLomonosov Moscow State University Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center Under the A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS South Branch Faculty of Education Chiang Rai Rajabhat University Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum

we describe a new species of frog in the dicroglossid genus Fejervarya from Ban Monjong, Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Analysis of DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial gene 16S, advertisement calls, and morphological distinctiveness support recognition of the new species. Matrilineal genealogy suggests that the new population from Chiang Mai is a sister taxon to the South Asian clade that includes F. syhadrensis, F. granosa, and F. pierreL The new species, Fejervarya chiangmaiensis sp. nov., differs morphologically from its congeners by its relatively small body size and proportions and the presence of dorsal warts and dermal ridges. Discovery of this new species indicates that the biodiversity of amphibians in this region remains underestimated.

关键词： Phylogeny Mitochondrial DNA 16SrRNA Chiang Mai Province Cryptic species Fejervarya chiangmaiensis sp. nov.

Discovery of Female Laudakia papenfussi Zhao,1998,with Insights into its Phylogenetic Relationships

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Asian Herpetological Research 2016年第2期7卷 122-130页

作者： Dahu ZOU Fang YAN Ke JIANG Jing CHE robert w.murphy Theodore J.PAPENFUSS Shuangquan DUAN Song HUANG School of Sciences Tibet University College of Life and Environment Sciences Huangshan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity of California

The sole voucher of Papenfuss＇ Rock Agama, Laudakia papenfussi （CIB 775001）, an adult male, was collected from Zanda, Tibet, China on July 1, 1976 and described in 1998. No information on this species appeared since its description. In September 2014, we collected one female and six males at the type locality. Based on the original description and these newly collected specimens, we re-describe this species. Principal components analysis based on 33 morphological characteristics clearly diagnose L. papenfussi from closely related species. One way ANOVA test shows significant differences among four Tibetan rock agamas for 9 characters at 95% significant level, and 8 characters at 99% significant level. Molecular analyses recover three main clades in Laudakia. The four Tibetan rock agamas place into two geographical groups： Yarlung Zangbo group （L. sacra and L. wui） and the Himalayan group （L. tuberculata and L. papenfussi）.

关键词： Papenfuss' Rock Agama Tibetan Plateau morphology phylogeny