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Feasibility of MRI in Patients w.th Non-Pacemaker/Defibrillator Metallic Devices and Abandoned Leads

Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2021年第3期14卷 83-93页

作者： Prabhakaran P. Gopalakrishnan Loretta Gevenosky robert w. w. biederman Division of Cardiology Aultman Deuble Heart and Vascular Hospital Canton OH USA Cardiovascular MRI Center Allegheny Health Network Cardiovascular Institute Pittsburgh PA USA

Objective: To evaluate feasibility of MRI in patients w.th non-pacemaker (PM)/Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) metallic devices and abandoned leads. Background: Relative safety of MRI performed using specified protocol has been established in MR non-conditional PM/ICDs. w.th limited safety data, many non-PM/ICD metallic devices and abandoned leads continue to be a contraindication for MRI. Methods: w. retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients w.th extra-cardiac devices, non-programmable cardiac devices, and abandoned leads, w.o underw.nt MRI (GE 1.5 Tesla, w.) at a single tertiary care center over a span of 13 years. Scan protocol w.s designed to maintain specific absorption rate (SAR) w.kg and scan time Results: The cohort comprised 127 MRI exams representing 94 patients, w.th 13 patients having tw. or more scans. The devices consisted of: 23 vagal nerve stimulators (VNS), 22 implantable loop recorders, 16 spinal stimulators, 5 peripheral nerve stimulators, 3 bladder stimulators, 2 deep brain stimulators, 1 gastric stimulator, 1 bone stimulator, 1 w.TCHMAN device, 22 abandoned PM/lCD leads and 1 VNS lead. There w.s no immediate (peri-MRI exam) morbidity or mortality. Patients did not report any discomfort, palpitations, heating, or sensation of device migration during the exam. Local follow.up data w.s available in 65% (100% for thoracic imaging) w.th a mean of 190 ± 475 days (median 13 days). No device malfunction w.s reported during follow.up. Conclusions: w.th appropriate precautions, MRI is feasible in patients w.th extracardiac devices, nonprogrammable cardiac devices, and abandoned leads.

关键词： MRI Safety Pacemaker Abandoned Leads Implantable Loop Recorder Extra-Cardiac Devices

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The Concordance Rates betw.en LV Hypertrophy and RV Hypertrophy in Patients w.th Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy as Diagnosed by Cardiovascular MRI w.th Fibrosis Imaging

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w.rld Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2015年第7期5卷 171-180页

作者： Nessim N. Amin Saundra B. Grant June A. Yamrozik Ronald B. w.lliams Diane V. Thompson Mark Doyle Moneal Shah robert w. w. biederman Gerald McGinnis Cardiovascular Institute Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA

Introduction: CMR has become the leading modality to define the clinical impact of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) accurately identifies regions of myocardial fibrosis. It is w.ll know. that myocardial fibrosis can occur in patients w.th HCM and is independently linked to a poorer prognosis than those w.thout fibrosis by CMR. Hypothesis: w. hypothesize that there is significant RV involvement in HCM w.en incorporates a CMR analysis for RV hypertrophy and fibrosis. Methods: A retrospective review.of all patients referred for HCM w.s performed. SSFP/LGE techniques w.re used to diagnose patients w.th HCM, using gadolinium administration (0.15 mmol/kg). Post-injection (10 minutes) LGE images w.re obtained using manual T1-w.ighted, IR-preparations. Regions of myocardium w.th LGE signals w.re visually designated as fibrotic. LV/RV mass indices (LVMI/RVMI) and ejection fractions w.re calculated. Results: Via 72 patients referred for HCM, 47(65%) w.re CMR confirmed. The mean LVMI w.s 108 ± 44 g/m2 w.ile the mean RVMI w.s 30 ± 21 g/m2. As w.ll, 34/47 (72%) had evidence of LV fibrosis w.ile 24/47 (51%) had evidence for RV fibrosis. Of the RVH positive patients, 26/34 (76%) patients w.re LV LGE positive and 18/34 (52%) w.re RV LGE positive. Conclusion: The high frequency of RVH and RV fibrosis in the setting of HCM is surprising in that this phenomenon is rarely described. How.ver, there is no reason to expect the phenotypic expression should be limited to the LV. Interestingly, as for the LV, the presence or absence of RV fibrosis has little predictive pow.r tow.rds the systolic function.

关键词： Cardiac MRI Right Ventricle Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Fibrosis Imaging Hypertrophy

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Regional Heterogeneity in 3D Myocardial Shortening in Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Cardiovascular CMR Tagging Substudy to the Life Study

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： robert w. w. biederman Alistair A. Young Mark Doyle Richard B. Devereux Eduardo Kortright Gilbert Perry Jonathan N. Bella Suzanne Oparil David Calhoun Gerald M. Pohost Louis J. Dell’Italia Division of Cardiology Department of Cardiovascular CMR Gerald McGinnis Cardiovascular Institute Allegheny General Hospital Drexel University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand w.ill Cornell Medical College New York USA ACTEK Inc. Birmingham USA University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

Background: Increased relative w.ll thickness in hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been show. by echocardiography to allow.preserved shortening at the endocardium despite depressed LV midw.ll circumferential shortening (Mw.S). Depressed Mw.S is an adverse prognostic indicator, but w.ether this finding reflects reduced global or regional LV myocardial function, as assessed by three-dimensional (3D) myocardial strain, is unknow.. Methods and Results: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) tissue tagging permits direct evaluation of regional 3D intramyocardial strain, independent of LV geometry. w. evaluated 21 hypertensive patients w.th electrocardiographic LVH in the LIFE study and 8 normal controls using 3D MR tagging and echocardiography. Patients had higher MR LV mass than normals (116 ± 40 versus 63 ± 6 g/m2, P = 0.002). Neither echocardiographic fractional shortening (32 ± 6 versus 33% ± 3%), LVEF (63% versus 64%) or mean end-systolic stress (175 ± 27 versus 146 ± 28 g/cm2) w.re significantly different, yet global Mw.S w.s decreased by both echocardiography (13.4 ± 2.8 versus 18.2% ± 1.5%, P P P = 0.002) in LVH and greater in lateral and anterior regions versus septal and posterior regions ( P P P 0.60, P = 0.001 for both). Conclusions: In patients w.th hypertensive LVH, despite normal LV function via echocardiography or CMR, CMR intramyocardial tagging show.depressed global Mw.S w.ile 3D MR strain revealed marked underlying regional heterogeneity of LV dysfunction.

关键词： Hypertension Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cardiac Mechanics Heart w.ll Motion 3D

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Elemental Geosystems robert w. Christopherson 4th ed.

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2004年

作者： robert w. Christopherson

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Geosystems : an introduction to physical geography robert w. Christopherson 4th ed.

Geosystems : an introduction to physical geography Robert W....

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2000年

作者： robert w. Christopherson

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Geosystems 地理系统: an introduction to physical geography：自然地理导论 robert w. Christopherson. 6th ed.

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2006年

作者： robert w. Christopherson.

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COMPARING Tw. CLUSTERING-BASED TECHNIQUES TO TRACK MOBILE NODES IN INDUSTRIAL w.RELESS SENSOR NETw.RKS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 177-209页

作者： Mohammad Gholami robert w. Brennan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4

Tracking mobile nodes in dynamic and noisy conditions of industrial environments has provided a paradigm for many issues inherent in the area of distributed control systems in general and w.reless sensor netw.rks in particular. Due to the dynamic nature of the industrial environments, a practical tracking system is required that is adaptable to the changes in the environment. More specifically, given the limited resources of w.reless nodes and the challenges created by harsh industrial environments there is a need for a technique that can modify the configuration of the system on the fly as new.w.reless nodes are added to the netw.rk and obsolete ones are removed. To address these issues, tw. cluster-based tracking systems, one static and the other dynamic, are proposed to organize the overall netw.rk field into a set of tracking zones, each composed of a sink node and a set of corresponding anchor nodes. To manage the w.reless nodes activities and inter and intra cluster communications, an agent-based technique is employed. To compare the architectures, w. report on a set of experiments performed in JADE （Java Agent Development Environment）. In these experiments, w. compare tw. agent-based approaches （dynamic and static） for managing clusters of w.reless sensor nodes in a distributed tracking system. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency of the static clusters versus the robustness and effectiveness of the dynamic clusters.

关键词： w.reless sensor netw.rks tracking mobile nodes factory automation distributed adaptive systems reconfigurability

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w.ere physics meets chemistry： Thin film deposition from reactive plasmas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 441-458页

作者： Andrew.Michelmore Jason D. w.ittle James w. Bradley robert D. Short School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ UK Material Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK

Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an industrially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled surface functionalization is plasma deposition. Plasma deposition has advantages over other surface engineering processes, including that it is solvent free, substrate and geometry independent, and the surface properties of the film can be designed by judicious choice of precursor and plasma conditions. Despite the utility of this method, the mechanisms of plasma polymer grow.h are generally unknow., and are usually described by chemical （i.e., radical） pathw.ys. In this review. w. aim to show.that plasma physics drives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and surface-plasma interactions. For example, w. show.that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and also arrive at surfaces w.th energies greater than 1000 kJ·mol^-1 （〉10 eV） and thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film deposition processes requires an understanding of both physical and chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry,functionalization polymer

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Nanocapsules of oxalate oxidase for hyperoxaluria treatment

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2682-2688页

作者： Ming Zhao Duo Xu Di w. James w. w.ittaker robert Terkeltaub Yunfeng Lu Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems Oregon Health and Sciences University Beaverton OR 97006-8921 USA Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Immunology San Diego VA Medical Center 3350 La Jolla Village Drive San Diego CA 92161 USA

Enzyme therapeutics have great potential for the treatment of systemic disorders such as urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, w.ich are caused by the excessive accumulation of oxalate. How.ver, exogenous enzymes have short half-lives in vivo and elicit high immunogenicity, w.ich largely limit the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, w. report a delivery strategy w.ereby therapeutic enzymes are encapsulated w.thin a thin zw.tterionic polymer shell to form enzyme nanocapsules. The strategy is exemplified by the encapsulation of oxalate oxidase （OxO） for the treatment of hyperoxaluria, because as-synthesized OxO nanocapsules have a prolonged blood circulation half-life and elicit reduced immunogenicity. Our design of enzyme nanocapsules that enable the systemic delivery of therapeutic enzymes can be extended to various biomedical applications.

关键词： enzyme therapeutics hyperoxaluria oxalate oxidase protein delivery long circulation nanomedicine

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Late Cretaceous chronostratigraphy(Turonian—Maastrichtian):SK1 core Songliao Basin,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 357-367页

作者： robert w. Scott Xiaoqiao w.n Chengshan w.ng Qinghua Huang Department of Geosciences University of Tulsa and Precision Stratigraphy Associates Tulsa OK 74104 USA State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences. Beijing 100083. China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil.field Company Ltd. Daqing 163712. China

Non-marine ostracodes, charophytes and palynomorphs are abundant in most Cretaceous lacustrine basins of Easl Asia. How.ver, their ranges are not directly integrated w.th marine biota that defines the Cretaceous stages. Non-biotic events st, ch as magnetochrons and radiometric ages in these terrestrial deposits enable their correlation w.th marine strata. The SKI north and south compositcd cores in the Songliao Basin present a continuous section of Upper Cretaceous non-marine fossil and magneto- chron successions in superposed order. These chronostratigraphic events are integrated w.th marine events by an XIY graphic plot betw.en the core data and a global database of Global Section and Stratotype Points （GSSP） and key reference sections. This plot projects stage boundaries in marine sections into the SKI section and interpolates numerical ages to the tirst and last occurrences of biota and to lithostratigraphic boundaries. This stratigraphic experiment tests and relines age calibrations based on both manual interpo- lation of depths to numerical ages and cyclostratigraphy. Ages derived by interpolation are similar and ages by cyclostratigraphy are older because stage boundaries are calibrated to a different age scale.

关键词： Upper Cretaceousstratigraphy:East Asia Songliao Basin:Numerical ages ofpalynomorphs:Ostracodes-Charophytes

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