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癌症一级预防的环境与职业干预：一个跨部门的政策框架

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环境与职业医学 2013年第10期30卷 806-810页

作者： Carolina Espina Miquel Porta Joachim Schüz Ildefonso Hernández Aguado robert v.percival Carlos Dora Terry Slevin Julietta Rodriguez Guzman Tim Meredith Philip J.Landrigan Maria Neira 汪源何蓉金泰廙 Department of Public Health and Environment World Health Organization(WHO)GenevaSwitzerland Section of Environment and Radiation International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)LyonFrance Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research(IMIM-Hospital del Marprbb) BarcelonaSpain Networking Centre of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health(CIBERESP) Spain Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona(UAB) BarcelonaSpain Department of Public Health Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Miguel HernándezSan Juan de AlicanteSpain Environmental Law Program University of Maryland Carey School of LawBaltimoreMarylandUSA Cancer Council Western Australia PerthWestern AustraliaAustralia Occupational Health Program El Bosque UniversityBogotaColombia Department of Sustainable Development and Environment Pan-American Health Organization/WHOWashington DCUSA Department of Preventive Medicine Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA

[背景]每年,全球新发癌症近1300万例,癌症死亡760万例;63%的癌症死亡病例发生在中、低收入国家。有相当比例的癌症是由环境和工作场所中致癌物暴露所致。[目的]为环境和职业性癌症的一级预防制定基于循证的全球愿景和战略。[方法]通过在... 详细信息

[背景]每年,全球新发癌症近1300万例,癌症死亡760万例;63%的癌症死亡病例发生在中、低收入国家。有相当比例的癌症是由环境和工作场所中致癌物暴露所致。[目的]为环境和职业性癌症的一级预防制定基于循证的全球愿景和战略。[方法]通过在PubMed中组合使用"环境的"、"职业的"、"暴露"、"癌症"、"一级预防"和"干预"这些搜索词,确定相关研究。为补充文献综述,于2011年3月17—18日在西班牙阿斯图里斯亚召开了"癌症的环境与职业决定因素:一级预防干预"国际会议,该会议由世界卫生组织主办。[讨论]很多由环境和职业引起的癌症都是可以预防的。一级预防政策通过减少或消除非自愿暴露于确认或潜在致癌物质,可最有效地实现预防目的。根据现有的知识,这些策略直接且经济有效,还具有附带效益,即通过减少共同风险因素的暴露,协同降低其他非传染性疾病的风险。[结论]通过整合环境和职业性致癌物初级干预来重振全球癌症控制政策是可能的。

关键词：癌症环境卫生职业的政策一级预防公共卫生

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环境损害责任与全球环境法的兴起

吉首大学学报（社会科学版） 2016年第3期37卷 1-11页

作者：罗伯特 v.珀西瓦尔杨朝霞黄婧马里兰大学法学院美国马里兰州md20742 北京林业大学生态法研究中心北京100083 工业和信息化部国际经济技术合作中心北京100804

全球环境法是在全球化的背景下随着环境法律移植和创新的深入发展而得以产生和演进的,其中,全球环境损害责任制度堪为缩影和写照。在国内法层面,为了克服污染受害者起诉污染者承担损害赔偿责任的制度性障碍,一些国家采取了放宽因果关系... 详细信息

全球环境法是在全球化的背景下随着环境法律移植和创新的深入发展而得以产生和演进的,其中,全球环境损害责任制度堪为缩影和写照。在国内法层面,为了克服污染受害者起诉污染者承担损害赔偿责任的制度性障碍,一些国家采取了放宽因果关系证明要求和转移举证责任等多种因应措施。然而,在国际层面,对于针对美国跨国公司在国外的环境侵权行为的诉讼,美国法院往往以不方便美国法院原则、适用《外国人侵权法》在美国起诉须以被告违反国际法为条件、非居民外国人不具备审慎起诉资格等为由而拒不受理,致使环境受害者在美国的诉讼阻力重重。作为应对,发展中国家采取了一系列举措。其中,最典型的立法对策是,规定一旦案件在国外起诉,国内法院便自动丧失管辖权;在原告所在国起诉的,允许以被告所在国的法律来计算污染损害赔偿额,等等。因而,一国对外国原告提起的环境诉讼的接受和承认外国判决之互惠条件准则的出台,将变得越来越重要。今后跨国环境私人诉讼将不断推动全球环境损害责任制度的发展,而不断革新的全球环境损害责任制度也将成为全球环境法新格局中的重要组成部分。

关键词：环境损害责任全球环境法环境诉讼

A general mirror equivalence theorem for coset vertex operator algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert McRae Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua University

We prove a general mirror duality theorem for a subalgebra U of a simple conformal vertex algebra A and its commutant v=ComA（U）.Specifically,we assume that ■ as a U■v-module,where the U-modules Uiare simple and distinct and are objects of a semisimple braided ribbon category of Umodules,and the v-modules viare semisimple and contained in a（not necessarily rigid） braided tensor category of *** also assume U=ComA（v）.Under these conditions,we construct a braid-reversed tensor equivalence τ:uA→vA,where uAis the semisimple category of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and vAis the category of v-modules whose objects are finite direct sums of *** particular,the v-modules viare simple and distinct,and vAis a rigid tensor *** an application,we find a rigid semisimple tensor subcategory of modules for the virasoro algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p-1,p∈Z≥2, which is braided tensor equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the category of finite-dimensional ***,the virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13+6p+6p-1is the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalgebra of a simple conformal vertex algebra w（-p）,analogous to the realization of the virasoro vertex operator algebra at central charge 13-6p-6p-1as the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalgebra of the triplet algebra W（p）.

关键词： vertex operator algebras coset conformal field theory braid-reversed tensor equivalence virasoro algebra

The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pharmacologic Chaperone: Energetics

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 347-356页

作者： robert B. Raffa Joseph v. Pergolizzi Jr. School of Pharmacy (Emeritus) Temple University Philadelphia PA USA College of Pharmacy (Adjunct) University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA NEMA Research Naples FL USA

Initially thought to be an opioid receptor subtype, Sigma-1 receptors (S1R) are now known to be unique proteins that have chaperone-like properties. As such, they play critical roles in cellular signaling, homeostasis, and cell survival. These roles offer significant insight for understanding homeostasis of normal physiologic processes, and the pathophysiologic consequences of disruption of normal function. Because of the broad nature of chaperone action, S1R agonists and antagonists represent potential drug discovery goals for the pharmacotherapeutic treatment of a variety of disorders that result from dysfunctional proteins. The present study summarizes the S1R as a pharmacologic chaperone crucial for protein folding and cellular homeostasis. Through literature review and thermodynamic analysis, it explores how S1R stabilizes target proteins, influencing neuroprotection and potential drug therapies. The binding of chaperones to target proteins is thermodynamically favorable, offering insights into treating diseases linked to protein misfolding.

关键词： Chaperone Sigma-1 Receptor Energetics Thermodynamics Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry

Commentary on “Why people should run after positive affective experiences instead of health benefits”

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 recently highlighted the vital role of affective experiences in promoting physical activity(PA).The authors suggested that positive affective experiences,rather than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor of PA over sedentary *** authors proposed a new formal decision model between PA and sedentary alternatives and reported that when health benefits are the unique reason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effort)and the subjective value(Sv)of sedentary alternatives(v_(sed))are the main drivers of decision-making processes.

关键词： benefits formal decision

Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on microbial activities and environmental risks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological *** samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial *** potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental *** the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution *** microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(pvity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Microbial activities Modified combined pollution risk Microcalorimetry Enzymatic activities

Management of distal cholangiocarcinoma with arterial involvement: Systematic review and case series on the role of neoadjuvant therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2689-2701页

作者： Lewis A Hall Duncan Loader Santiago Gouveia Marta Burak James Halle-Smith Peter Labib Moath Alarabiyat Ravi Marudanayagam Bobby v Dasari Keith J roberts Syed S Raza Michail Papamichail David C Bartlett robert P Sutcliffe Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Clinical Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The use of neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA)with regional arterial or extensive venous involvement,is not widely accepted and evidence is *** To synthesise evidence on NAT for dCCA and present the experience of a highvolume tertiary-centre managing dCCA with arterial *** A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidance to identify all studies reporting outcomes of patients with dCCA who received *** patients from 2017 to 2022 who were referred for NAT for dCCA at our centre were retrospectively collected from a prospectively maintained *** characteristics,NAT type,progression to surgery and oncological outcomes were *** Twelve studies were *** definition of“unresectable”locally advanced dCCA was *** studies reported outcomes for 9 patients who received NAT for dCCA with extensive vascular involvement.R0 resection rate ranged between 0 and 100%but without survival benefit in most *** studies considered either NAT in resectable dCCA or inclusive with extrahepatic *** presented case series includes 9 patients(median age 67,IQR 56-74 years,male:female 5:4)referred for NAT for borderline resectable or locally advanced *** patients progressed to surgery and 2 were *** patient died at 14 months with evidence of recurrence at 6 months and the other died at 51 months following recurrence 6 months *** Evidence for benefit of NAT is *** on criteria for uniform definition of resectability for dCCA is *** propose using the established National-Comprehensive-Cancer-Network®criteria for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Arterial involvement Locally advanced Systematic review

Long-Term Impact of Acute Retinoic Acid Supplementation at the Young Age on Testicular Architecture of Wistar Albino Rats

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Mama Sy Racha Kamenda Ibondou Fatoumata Bah robert Foko Ndiaga Diop Mame vénus Abdoulaye Séga Cheikh Diop Mamadou Fall Oumar Faye Laboratory of Histology Embryology and Cytogenetics Faculty of Medecine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Inappropriate and excess vitamin supplementation, particularly for vitamin A, is increasingly recognized as a public health problem in developed countries. On the other hand, blind supplementation of vitamin A, for children in developing countries is a subject of controversy in the literature. The crucial role of vitamin A in the process of spermatogenesis in adult rodents is well established, but only a few publications are consecrated to the long-term effect of vitamin A intake at a young age on testicular development and differentiation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of acute supplementation at an early age, in the post-natal period, on spermatogenesis and testicular trophicity at adult age. Material and Methods: Young Wistar Albinos rats of 22 days received an acute high dose of supplementation of vitamin A (retinyl palmitate). The control group, group 1, received only extra virgin olive oil, Group 2 a dose of 7000 IU/kg of retinyl palmitate, group 3, 14,000 IU/kg, and Group 4 a dose of 28,000 IU/kg. At 10 weeks of age, the testes’ testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. For histological assessment, sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin, and the Johnsen score was used to evaluate spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Results: The average testicular weights of rats were significantly lower in group 4 (p vel in the testis compared to the control group (p .01). Most of the seminiferous tubules were concerned by an arrest of spermatogenesis and the Johnsen score was decreased with a mean score of 5.96 ± 1.60 (p .001) in that Group. In Group 3, Johnsen’s score was significantly better than the one obtained with the control. Conclusion: We observed a negative effect in the long term with a high acute dose of supplementation of retinyl palmitate at a young age, on testicular development and differentiation. Despite a return to normal diet after that supplementation, d

关键词： vitamin A Retinyl Palmitate Spermatogenesis Testis-Wistar Albino Rats

Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck Clarice L.Martins Luciana L.Barboza Rafael M.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-Farias Gilmar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-véelez Riki Tesler Adewale L.Oyeyemi Ellen C.M.Silva robert G.Weaver Mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.Mielke Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health Management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical Education

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MvPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important *** instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MvPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MvPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MvPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions werevalence of≥60 min of MvPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MvPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between *** differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among School-aged Children survey Inequality Surveillance Youth