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C_4 Plants as Biofuel Feedstocks: Optimising Biomass Production and Feedstock Quality from a Lignocellulosic Perspective

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第2期53卷 120-135页

作者： Caitlin S.Byrt Christopher P.L.Grof robert t.furbank School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleUniversity Drive CSIRO Plant Industry and High Resolution Plant Phenomics Centre

the main feedstocks for bioethanol are sugarcane （Saccharum offic- inarum） and maize （Zea mays）, both of which are C4 grasses, highly efficient at converting solar energy into chemical energy, and both are food crops. As the systems for lignocellulosic bioethanol production become more efficient and cost effective, plant biomass from any source may be used as a feedstock for bioethanol production. thus, a move away from using food plants to make fuel is possible, and sources of biomass such as wood from forestry and plant waste from cropping may be used. However, the bioethanol industry will need a continuous and reliable supply of biomass that can be produced at a low cost and with minimal use of water, fertilizer and arable land. As many C4 plants have high light, water and nitrogen use efficiency, as compared with C3 species, they are ideal as feedstock crops. We consider the productivity and resource use of a number of candidate plant species, and discuss biomass ＇quality＇, that is, the composition of the plant cell wall.

关键词： C4 Plants as Biofuel Feedstocks Optimising Biomass Production and Feedstock Quality from a Lignocellulosic Perspective

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Digital imaging approaches for phenotyping whole plant nitrogen and phosphorus response in Brachypodium distachyon

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第8期56卷 781-796页

作者： Richard Poiré Vincent Chochois Xavier R.R.Sirault John P.Vogel Michelle Watt robert t.furbank CSIRO Plant Industry High Resolution Plant Phenomics Centre CSIRO Plant Industry USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center

this work evaluates the phenotypic response of the model grass （Brachypodium distacbyon （L.） P. Beauv.） to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition using a combination of imaging techniques and destructive harvest of shoots and roots. Reference line Bd21-3 was grown in pots using 11 phosphorus and 11 nitrogen concentrations to establish a dose-response curve. Shoot biovolume and biomass, root length and biomass, and tissue phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations increased with nutrient concentration. Shoot biovolume, estimated by imaging, was highly correlated with dry weight （R2 〉 0.92） and both biovolume and growth rate responded strongly to nutrient availability. Higher nutrient supply increased nodal root length more than other root types. Photochemical efficiency was strongly reduced by low phosphorus concentrations as early as 1 week after germination, suggesting that this measurement may be suitable for high throughput screening of phosphorus response. In contrast, nitrogen concentration had little effect on photochemical efficiency. Changes in biovolume over time were used to compare growth rates of four accessions in response tonitrogen and phosphorus supply. We demonstrate that a time series image-based approach coupled with mathematical modeling provides higher resolution of genotypic response to nutrient supply than traditional destructive techniques and shows promise for high throughput screening and determina- tion of genomic regions associated with superior nutrient use efficiency.

关键词： Nutrients uptake phenomics photosynthesis root shootCitation: Poire R, Chochois V, Sirault XRR, Vogel JP, Watt M, furbank Rt(2o14) Digital imaging approaches for phenotyping whole plantnitrogen and phosphorus response in Brachypodium distachyon.

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Overexpression of a Potato Sucrose Synthase Gene in Cotton Accelerates Leaf Expansion, Reduces Seed Abortion, and Enhances Fiber Production

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 430-441页

作者： Shou-Min Xu Elizabeth Brill Danny J. Llewellyn robert t. furbank Yong-Ling Ruan CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

Sucrose synthase （Sus） is a key enzyme in the breakdown of sucrose and is considered a biochemical marker for sink strength, especially in crop species, based on mutational and gene suppression studies. It remains elusive, however, whether, or to what extent, increase in Sus activity may enhance sink development. We aimed to address this question by expressing a potato Sus gene in cotton where Sus expression has been previously shown to be critical for normal seed and fiber development. Segregation analyses at t1 generation followed by studies in homozygous progeny lines revealed that increased Sus activity in cotton （1） enhanced leaf expansion with the effect evident from young leaves emerging from shoot apex; （2） improved early seed development, which reduced seed abortion, hence enhanced seed set, and （3） promoted fiber elongation. In young leaves of Sus overexpressing lines, fructose concentrations were significantly increased whereas, in elongating fibers, both fructose and glucose levels were increased. Since hexoses contribute little to osmolality in leaves, in contrast to developing fibers, it is concluded that high Sus activity promotes leaf development independently of osmotic regulation, probably through sugar signaling. the analyses also showed that doubling the Sus activity in 0-d cotton seeds increased their fresh weight by about 30%. However, further increase in Sus activity did not lead to any further increase in seed weight, indicating an upper limit for the Sus overexpression effect. Finally, based on the observed additive effect on fiber yield from increased fiber length and seed number, a new strategy is proposed to increase cotton fiber yield by improving seed development as a whole, rather than solely focusing on manipulating fiber growth.

关键词： cotton fiber invertase leaf expansion seed abortion seed development sucrose synthase sugar signaling.

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