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Identification of a Native Novel Oncolytic Immunoglobulin on Exfoliated Colon Epithelial Cells: A Bispecific Heterodimeric Chimera of IgA/IgG*

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020年第6期10卷 126-150页

作者： George P. Albaugh Sudhir K. Dutta Vasantha Iyengar Samina Shami Althaf Lohani Eduardo Sainz George Kessie Prasanna Nair Sara Lagerholm Alka Kamra J.-H. Joshua Chen Shilpa Kalavapudi Rakesh Vinayek robert shores Laila E. Phillips Ram Nair Padmanabhan P. Nair Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Centre Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD USA Division of Gastroenterology Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Baltimore MD USA Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA NonInvasive Technologies LLC Elkridge MD USA Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5 μM - 5.0 μM and 5.0 μM - 8.0 μM range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and Musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.

关键词： Colon Epithelial Cells CXCR-4 IgA/IgG Chimeric Immunoglobulin Heterodimer COX-2 LGR-5 Musashi-1 Dedifferentiation Cellular Engraftment Oncoly-sis Gastrointestinal Progenitor Stem Cells (GIP-C)

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Infestation risk of the intermediate snail host of Schistosomajaponicum in the Yangtze River Basin: improved results by spatial reassessment and a random forest approach

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 34-46页

作者： Jin-Xin Zheng Shang Xia Shan Lv Yi Zhang robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center forTropical Diseases ResearchWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and TechnologyNHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyShanghai 200025China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineOne Health CenterThe University of EdinburghShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200025China ingerod BrastadSweden/formerly with the UNICEF/UNDP/World BankAVHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland.

Background:Oncomelania hupensis is only intermediate snail host of Schistosomajaponicum,and distribution of *** is an important indicator for the surveillance of *** study explored the feasibility of a random forest algorithm weighted by spatial distance for risk prediction of schistosomiasis distribution in the Yangtze River Basin in China,with the aim to produce an improved precision reference for the national schistosomiasis control programme by reducing the number of snail survey sites without losing predictive ***:The snail presence and absence records were collected from Anhui,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces in 2018.A machine learning of random forest algorithm based on a set of environmental and climatic variables was developed to predict the breeding sites of the *** intermediated snail host of *** spatial sizes of a hexagonal grid system were compared to estimate the need for required snail sampling *** predictive accuracy related to geographic distances between snail sampling sites was estimated by calculating Kappa and the area under the curve(AUC).Results:The highest accuracy(AUC=0.889 and Kappa=0.618)was achieved at the 5 km distance *** five factors with the strongest correlation to *** infestation probability were:(1)distance to lake(48.9%),(2)distance to river(36.6%),(3)isothermality(29.5%),(4)mean daily difference in temperature(28.1%),and(5)altitude(26.0%).The risk map showed that areas characterized by snail infestation were mainly located along the Yangtze River,with the highest probability in the dividing,slow-flowing river arms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui,followed by areas near the shores of China's two main lakes,the Dongting Lake in Hunan and Hubei and the Poyang Lake in ***:Applying the machine learning of random forest algorithm made it feasible to precisely predict snail infestation probability,an ap

关键词： Schistosomiasis Oncomelania hupensis Snail infestation Yangtze River Random forest Spatial sampling Machine learning China

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