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Effects of excess high-nor.al alanine aminotr.nsfer.se levels in r.lation to new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver.disease:Clinical implications

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2024年第27期30卷 3264-3267页

作者： Giovanna McGinty robert Pr.emioslo Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy North Bristol TrustSouthmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology North Bristol TrustSouthmead HospitalBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom

In this editor.al,we comment on the ar.icle by Chen et al r.cently published in *** focus the debate on whether.r.ducing the upper.limit of nor.al of alanine aminotr.nsfer.se(ALT)would effectively identify cases of fibr.sis in metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver.disease(MAFLD).This is impor.ant given the incr.asing pr.valence of MAFLD and obesity ***,a suitable scr.ening test to identify patients in the gener.l population does not exist and most patients ar. scr.ened after.the finding of an abnor.al *** author. of this paper.challenge the idea of what a nor.al ALT is and whether.that thr.shold should be lower.d,par.icular.y as their.study found that 83.12%of their.study population with a diagnosis of MAFLD had a nor.al *** main advantages of scr.ening would be to identify patients and pr.vide inter.ention ear.y,the mainstay of this being changing modifiable r.sk factor. and monitor.ng for.liver.***,ther. is not enough suitable ther.peutic options available as of yet although this is likely to change in the coming year. with mor. tar.ets for.ther.py being *** is one example of this which has demonstr.ted benefit with an acceptable side effect pr.file for.those patients with MAFLD and obesity,although studies have not yet shown a significant impr.vement in fibr.sis *** would also r.quir. a huge amount of r.sour.e if a r.duced ALT level alone was used as cr.ter.a;it is mor. likely that cur.ent scor.ng systems such as fibr.sis-4 may be amended to r.pr.sent this additional ***,ther. is not a good ar.ument to r.commend wide-spr.ad scr.ening with a r.duced ALT level as this is unlikely to be *** is compounded by the fact that ther. is a significant heter.geneity in what is consider.d a nor.al ALT between *** studies pr.viously have suggested a mor. pr.gmatic appr.ach in scr.ening those over.the age of 60,this is likely to change with the incr.asing inc

关键词： Alanine aminotr.nsfer.se Metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver.disease Metabolic syndr.me Fibr.sis Cir.hosis Semaglutide

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Ear.iest megafossils of scandent calamoid palms fr.m the Deccan Inter.r.ppean Beds of Centr.l India and their.paleobiogeogr.phic implications

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Jour.al of Palaeogeogr.phy 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kumar.Kaustav r.y robert A.Spicer.Mahasin Ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Labor.tor. Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India CAS Key Labor.tor. of Tr.pical For.st Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Envir.nment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Labor.tor. of Tibetan Plateau Ear.h System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-pr.ser.ed petr.fied palm stems fr.m the latest Maastr.chtian(Late Cr.taceous) to ear.iest Danian(Ear.y Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Inter.r.ppean Beds of Madhya Pr.desh, Centr.l India ar. descr.bed. Their.significant anatomical char.cter.stics include a Calamus-type gener.l stem patter.,the pr.sence of well-pr.ser.ed fibr.vascular.bundles(fvbs) with two wide metaxylem vessel elements(230 μm-250 μm) and one phloem str.nd, unifor. density of fvbs, lack of continuity between pr.toxylem and metaxylem vessel elements, and an absence of centr.fugal differ.ntiation of scler.nchymatous fibr.us *** featur.s r.veal a close r.semblance to those of extant gener. of scandent Calamoideae. The per.iner.lized stems ar. descr.bed as a new species namely, Palmoxylon calamoides Kumar. r.y et Khan sp. *** fossils r.pr.sent the oldest r.liable fossil r.cor.s of this family, suppor.ing their.Gondwanan or.gin, their.impor.ance in tr.cing their.migr.tion pathways fr.m India to Eur.pe and other.continents after.the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eur.sia dur.ng the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” disper.al hypothesis. Today the subfamily Calamoideae is disjunctly occur.ed in Afr.ca, Asia, Austr.lia, Eur.pe, and South Amer.ca, but the poor.deep-time fossil r.cor. of this subfamily with a small number.of Cenozoic fossils makes hypotheses concer.ing its or.gin and disper.al difficult to evaluate. The pr.sent study has significant implications for.the or.gin and migr.tion of this subfamily and the paleoclimate.

关键词： Scandent Calamoideae Stem anatomy K-Pg Paleobiogeogr.phy Paleoclimate Centr.l India

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Commentar. on “Why people should r.n after.positive affective exper.ences instead of health benefits”

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 451-452页

作者： Ting Wang Jinghua Chen robert Schinke Liye Zou Body-Br.in-Mind Labor.tor. School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences Laurentian UniversitySudburyON P3E 2C6Canada

Maltagliati et al.1 r.cently highlighted the vital r.le of affective exper.ences in pr.moting physical activity(PA).The author. suggested that positive affective exper.ences,r.ther.than health benefits,can tip the balance in favor.of PA over.sedentar. *** author. pr.posed a new for.al decision model between PA and sedentar. alter.atives and r.por.ed that when health benefits ar. the unique r.ason to action,the costs of PA(e.g.,effor.)and the subjective value(SV)of sedentar. alter.atives(V_(sed))ar. the main dr.ver. of decision-making pr.cesses.

关键词： benefits for.al decision

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Public health impor.ance of light intensity physical activity

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： robert r.ss Ian Janssen Mar. S.Tr.mblay School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada School of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Healthy Active Living and Obesity r.sear.h Gr.up Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical activity(PA)benefits health PA guidelines wor.dwide r.commend that adults accumulate 150 min of moder.te intensity or.75 min of vigor.us intensity PA(moder.te-to-vigor.us PA(MVPA))weekly to achieve health benefits.1-3 Absent fr.m these guidelines ar. r.commendations for.light intensity PA(LPA,e.g.,walking at a leisur.ly pace of 3 km/h or.less,equivalent to 1.5-2.9 metabolic equivalents).

关键词： intensity light benefits

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Ar. we close to using Alzheimer.blood biomar.er. in clinical pr.ctice?

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第12期19卷 2583-2585页

作者： Br.no P.Imbimbo Simone Lista Camillo Imbimbo robert Nisticò Depar.ment of r.sear.h&Development Chiesi FarmaceuticiParmaItaly i+HeALTH Str.tegic r.sear.h Gr.up Department of Health SciencesMiguel de Cervantes European University(UEMC)ValladolidSpain Depar.ment of Br.in and Behavior.l Sciences University of PaviaPaviaItaly School of Phar.acy University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly Labor.tor. of Phar.acology of Synaptic Plasticity EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini FoundationRomeItaly

Alzheimer.s disease(AD) is a pr.gr.ssive neur.degener.tive disease histologically char.cter.zed by the pr.sence of extr.neur.nal plaques,mainly for.ed by the 42-aminoacid isofor. of amyloid-(Aβ_(1-42)),and by intr.neur.nal neur.fibr.llar. to ngles,mainly for.ed by the tau pr.tein and its hyper.hosphor.lated isofor.s(p-tau).AD is the most common cause of dementia,with an estimated lifetime r.sk of about 1 in 10 for.men and 1 in 5 for.women.

关键词： Alzheimer tau Aβ

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Advances in discover. of novel investigational agents for.functional cur. of chr.nic hepatitis B:A compr.hensive r.view of phases II and III ther.peutic agents

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Wor.d Jour.al of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： robert Lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chr.nic hepatitis B vir.s(HBV)infection affects over.295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant mor.idity and mor.ality due to cir.hosis,liver.failur.,and liver.*** ther.py with or.l nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high r.tes of vir.logic suppr.ssion,which in tur. has been associated with a decr.ased r.sk of liver.***,cur.ent antivir.l r.gimens ar. limited by concer.s with adver.e effects,adher.nce,r.sistance,long-ter. tr.atment,and ongoing r.sk for.liver.*** investigational agents ar. cur.ently in development and ar. tar.eted at achieving functional cur. with sustained hepatitis B sur.ace antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppr.ssion of HBV *** we r.view key evidence fr.m phases II and III tr.als defining the efficacy and safety pr.files for.key investigational agents for.functional cur. of chr.nic hepatitis B,including cor./capsid inhibitor.,entr. inhibitor.,r.A inter.er.nce(sir.A/ASO),HBsAg inhibitor.,Toll-like r.ceptor.agonists,checkpoint inhibitor.,and ther.peutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B vir.s Tr.atment Clinical tr.als r.A inter.er.nce Entr. inhibitor. Cor. inhibitor. Immunomodulator.

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Effects of soil metal(loid)s pollution on micr.bial activities and envir.nmental r.sks in an abandoned chemical smelting site

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Jour.al of Envir.nmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao Li Jun Yao Jianli Liu Ning Min Geoffr.y Sunahar. Dongyang Men robert Dur.n School of Water.r.sour.es and Envir.nment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Depar.ment of Natur.l r.sour.e Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Envir.nnement et Micr.biologie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can ser.ously thr.aten and pose a r.sk to the sur.ounding ecological *** samples wer. collected fr.m differ.nt depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for.metal(loid)s content and fr.ctionation,as well as micr.bial *** potential ecological r.sk indices for.the differ.nt soil depths(or.er.d fr.m high to low)wer.:1 m(D-1)>sur.ace(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),r.nging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and r.pr.senting extr.mely high envir.nmental r.sks,of which Cd(and pr.bably not ar.enic)contr.buted to the highest envir.nmental r.sk.A modified combined pollution r.sk index(MCr.combining total content and mobile pr.por.ion of metal(loid)s,and r.lative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degr.e of contamination and potential envir.nmental *** the near.sur.ace samples(S-0 and D-1 layer.),the MCr.consider.d that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alar.ing degr.es of contamination,wher.as Fe,Mn,and Ti wer. negligible or.low to moder.te pollution *** micr.calor.metr. and enzymatic activity measur.ments of contaminated soil samples wer. used to assess the micr.bial metabolic activity *** analysis elucidated the r.lationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fr.ction or.content and micr.bial activity char.cter.stics(pr.bial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer.was low pr.sumably due to heavy metal *** activity indicator. and micr.calor.metr.c gr.wth r.te(k)measur.ments wer. consider.d sensitive indicator. to r.flect the soil micr.bial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical smelting sites Micr.bial activities Modified combined pollution r.sk Micr.calor.metr. Enzymatic activities

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Neur.PNM:Model r.duction of por. networ. models using neur.l networ.s

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Par.icuology 2024年第3期86卷 239-251页

作者： robert Jender.ie Ali Mjalled Xiang Lu Lucas r.ineking Abdolr.za Khar.ghani Mar.in Monnigmann Chr.stian Lessig Otto-von-Guer.cke-Univer.itat Magdebur. Universitatsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Germany r.hr.Univer.itat-Bochum Universitatstraβe 150Bochum44801Germany

r.acting par.icle systems play an impor.ant r.le in many industr.al applications,for.example biomass dr.ing or.the manufactur.ng of *** numer.cal modeling and simulation of such systems is ther.for. of gr.at impor.ance for.an efficient,r.liable,and envir.nmentally sustainable oper.tion of the *** complex ther.odynamical,chemical,and flow pr.cesses that take place in the par.icles ar. a par.icular.challenge in a ***,typically a lar.e number.of par.icles is involved,r.nder.ng an explicit tr.atment of individual ones impossible in a r.actor.level *** appr.ach for.over.oming this challenge is to compute effective,physical par.meter. fr.m single-par.icle,high-r.solution *** can be combined with model r.duction methods if the dynamical behaviour.of par.icles must be *** networ. models with their.unr.valed r.solution have ther.by been used successfully as high-r.solution models,for.instance to obtain the macr.scopic diffusion coeffcient of *** par.meter.identification and model r.duction have r.cently gained new impetus by the dr.matic pr.gr.ss made in machine lear.ing in the last *** r.por. r.sults on the use of neur.l networ.s for.par.meter.identification and model r.duction based on thr.e-dimensional por. networ. models(PNM).We believe that our.r.sults pr.vide a power.ul complement to existing methodologies for.r.actor.level simulations with many ther.ally-thick par.icles.

关键词： Por.networ. models Neur.l networ.s Par.meter.estimation r.duced or.er.model

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High Impact Polylactide Based on Or.anosilicon Nucleation Agent

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Chinese Jour.al of Polymer.Science 2024年第6期42卷 787-797页

作者： Dar.a Pakuła Bogna Sztor.h Eliza r.mańczuk-r.szuk Bogdan Mar.iniec robert E.Pr.ekop Faculty of Chemistr. Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 861-614PoznańPoland Centr. for.Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 1061-614PoznańPoland Institute of Biomedical Engineer.ng Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBialystok University of TechnologyWiejska 45C15-351BialystokPoland

Var.ous sector. of the industr. ar. sear.hing for.new mater.als with specific r.quir.ments,pr.viding impr.ved *** study pr.sents novel composite mater.als based on polylactide that have been modified with the or.anosilicon compound,(3-thiopr.pyl)polysilsesquioxane(SSQ-SH).The SSQ-SH compound is a mixtur. of cage str.ctur.s and not fully condensed r.ndom *** composite mater.als wer. obtained thr.ugh injection *** study includes a compr.hensive char.cter.zation of the new mater.als that analyze their.functional pr.per.ies,such as r.eology(MFr.,mechanical str.ngth(tensile str.ngth,Char.y impact str.ngth),and ther.al *** micr.scopic photos wer. also taken to analyze the micr.str.ctur. of the *** addition of a 5%by-weight or.anosilicon compound to polylactide r.sulted in a significant incr.ase in MFr.by 73.8%compar.d to the neat *** gr.atest impr.vement in impact str.ngth was achieved for.the 5%SSQ-SH/PLA composite,incr.asing it by 32.0 kJ/m^(2)compar.d to PLA,which r.pr.sents an incr.ase of up to 187%.The conducted r.sear.h confir.s the possibility of modifying the pr.per.ies of the polymer.by employing or.anosilicon compounds.

关键词： Octa(3-thiopr.pyl)silsesquioxane 8SH-POSS Polylactide(PLA) Injection moulding Composites

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Identification of Shell Color.Associated Genes Using Mantle Br.nch-Specific r.A Sequencing of Yellow-Color.d Line of Pear. Oyster.Pinctada fucata mar.ensii

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Jour.al of Ocean Univer.ity of China 2024年第4期23卷 1076-1086页

作者： PENG Haiming LIAO Yongshan YANG Chuangye MKUYE robert DENG Yuewen YUE Chenyang Fisher.es College Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Pear. r.sear.h Institute Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Science and Innovation Center.for.Pear. Cultur. Zhanjiang 524088China Pear. Br.eding and Pr.cessing Engineer.ng Technology r.sear.h Center.of Guangdong Pr.vince Zhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Pr.vincial Key Labor.tor. of Aquatic Animal Disease Contr.l and Healthy Cultur. Zhanjiang 524088China

The yellow-color.d line of pear. oyster.Pinctada fucata mar.ensii displays a yellow pr.smatic layer.and a white nacr.ous layer.that can be used as an ideal model for.r.sear.h on shell color.***-r.man spectr.scopy and tr.nscr.ptome analyses wer. per.or.ed to explor. the potential molecular.mechanism under.ying the phenotype *** micr.-r.man spectr.scopy r.sults indicate that the pr.smatic layer.exhibits distinct char.cter.stic peaks of car.tenoids,while these peaks ar. not pr.minent in the nacr.ous *** the tr.nscr.ptome compar.son of the centr.l zone of mantle and mantle edge tissue,which function in nacr.ous and pr.smatic layer.for.ation,r.spectively,935 significantly differ.ntially expr.ssed genes(DEGs)wer. identified,with 385 genes upr.gulated and 227 genes downr.gulated(|log_(2)(Fold change)|>1 and false discover. r.ter. associated with melanoma/melanogenesis,such as tyr.sinase,zinc metallopr.tease,glutathione S-tr.nsfer.se,and ATP-binding cassette sub-family;some wer. associated with the car.tenoid-r.lated pathway,including scavenger.r.ceptor.,cytochr.me P450 and lipopr.tein *** associated with por.hyr.n metabolism,including por.hobilinogen deaminase,and copper.zinc super.xide dismutase,and genes associated with shell matr.x pr.tein,including amor.hous calcium car.onate binding pr.tein,shematr.n,PIF,and collagen,also exhibited significantly differ.nt *** is speculated that the differ.nt colour. between pr.smatic layer.and nacr.ous layer.in the yellow-color.d line of *** might be r.sulted fr.m melanin,car.tenoids and por.hyr.n metabolism,while genes r.lated to shell str.ctur. and biominer.lization might also affect *** r.sults pr.vide new insights to under.tand the mechanism of shell color.for.ation in mollusca.

关键词： Pinctada fucata mar.ensii shell color.tion tr.nscr.ptome

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