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Analysis of Sesquiter.ene Distr.butions in the Leaves, Br.nches, and Tr.nks of Avocado (<i>Per.ea amer.cana</i>Mill.)

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Amer.can Jour.al of Plant Sciences 2013年第4期4卷 922-931页

作者： Jer.me Niogr.t Nancy D. Epsky Elena Q. Schnell r.ymond J. Schnell robert r. heath Alan W. Meer.w Paul E. Kendr. Subtr.pical Hor.icultur. r.sear.h Station Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Miami USA Subtr.pical Hor.icultur. r.sear.h Station Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Miami USA.

Avocado is a commer.ially valuable fr.it cr.p cultivated in tr.pical and subtr.pical climates thr.ughout the wor.d. Taxonomists r.cognize thr.e hor.icultur.l r.ces of avocado, consisting of Mexican (Per.ea amer.cana var. dr.mifolia), Guatemalan (P. amer.cana var. guatemalensis), and West Indian (P. amer.cana var. amer.cana) var.eties. Published r.sear.h that attempted to differ.ntiate among the hor.icultur.l r.ces by using leaf chemistr. found that sesquiter.ene content was only useful for.discr.mination of pur. Mexican fr.m Guatemalan and West Indian, but not to distinguish between Guatemalan and West Indian r.ces. This study pr.sents a sampling method for.analysis of sesquiter.enes fr.m avocado leaf, br.nch and tr.nk samples. Our.r.sults indicate that sesquiter.ene content fr.m leaves and small diameter.br.nches (2.5 cm) was highly var.able;however. sesquiter.enes wer. much less var.able within wood fr.m lar.er.diameter.br.nches and tr.nk samples, pr.viding infor.ation r.pr.sentative of avocado var.etal differ.nces. In addition to chemotaxonomic applications, infor.ation on sesquiter.ene content of avocado wood is needed for.identification of host-based attr.ctants for.a new avocado pest, the r.dbay ambr.sia beetle (Xylebor.s glabr.tus). This insect vector. a fungal pathogen that causes laur.l wilt, a lethal vascular.disease that cur.ently thr.atens avocado pr.duction in south Flor.da, USA. Females of X. glabr.tus identify appr.pr.ate host tr.es based on emissions of ter.enoids, par.icular.y α-copaene. Our.r.sults ar. discussed in ter.s of how pr.ximo-distal distr.butions of sesquiter.enes may function as host-location cues by this invasive wood-bor.ng pest.

关键词： Avocado Per.ea amer.cana Sesquiter.enes α-Copaene r.dbay Ambr.sia Beetle Xylebor.s glabr.tus

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Hydr.dynamic function and spr.ng constant calibr.tion of FluidFM micr.pipette cantilever.

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Micr.systems & Nanoengineer.ng 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： Attila Bonyár.Ágoston G.Nagy Hans Gunstheimer.Gotthold Fläschner.robert Hor.ath Depar.ment of Electr.nics Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensor.cs Labor.tor. Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosur. AG Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic for.e micr.scopy(FluidFM)fuses the for.e sensitivity of atomic for.e micr.scopy with the manipulation capabilities of micr.fluidics by using micr.fabr.cated cantilever. with embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new r.sear.h and development dir.ctions in biology,biophysics,and mater.al *** acquir. r.liable and r.pr.ducible data,the calibr.tion of the for.e sensor.is ***,the hollow FluidFM cantilever. contain a r.w of par.llel pillar. inside a r.ctangular.*** pr.cise spr.ng constant calibr.tion of the inter.ally str.ctur.d cantilever.is far.fr.m tr.vial,and existing methods gener.lly assume simplifications that ar. not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader.method,which is cur.ently implemented by the FluidFM community,r.lies on the pr.cise measur.ment of the quality factor.which r.nder. the calibr.tion of the spr.ng constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydr.dynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilever. was exper.mentally deter.ined with differ.nt *** on the hydr.dynamic function,a novel spr.ng constant calibr.tion method was adapted,which r.lied only on the two r.sonance fr.quencies of the cantilever.measur.d in air.and in a *** on these r.sults,our.pr.posed method can be successfully used for.the r.liable,noise-fr.e calibr.tion of hollow FluidFM cantilever..

关键词： spr.ng cantilever function

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Pr.dicting the coefficient of fr.ction in a sliding contact by applying machine lear.ing to acoustic emission data

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Fr.ction 2024年第6期12卷 1299-1321页

作者： robert GUTIEr.EZ Tianshi FANG robert MAINWAr.NG Tom r.DDYHOFF Tr.bology Gr.up Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondon SW72AZUK Shell Global Solutions(US)Inc.Shell Technology Center.Houston 3333 Highway 6 SouthHoustonTX 77082USA Shell Inter.ational Petr.leum Company Limited Shell CentreYork RoadLondon SE17NAUK

It is incr.asingly impor.ant to monitor.sliding inter.aces within machines,since this is wher. both ener.y is lost,and failur.s *** emission(AE)techniques offer.a way to monitor.contacts r.motely without r.quir.ng tr.nspar.nt or.electr.cally conductive ***,acoustic data fr.m sliding contacts is notor.ously complex and difficult to ***,we simultaneously measur. coefficient of fr.ction(with a conventional for.e tr.nsducer.and acoustic emission(with a piezoelectr.c sensor.and high acquisition r.te digitizer.pr.duced by a steel‒steel r.bbing *** data is then used to tr.in machine lear.ing(ML)algor.thms(e.g.,Gaussian pr.cess r.gr.ssion(GPr.and suppor. vector.machine(SVM))to cor.elated acoustic emission with *** tr.ining r.quir.s the dense AE data to fir.t be r.duced in size and a r.nge of pr.cessing techniques ar. assessed for.this(e.g.,down-sampling,aver.ging,fast Four.er.tr.nsfor.s(FFTs),histogr.ms).Next,fr.sh,unseen AE data is given to the tr.ined model and the r.sulting fr.ction pr.dictions ar. compar.d with the dir.ctly measur.d *** is excellent agr.ement between the measur.d and pr.dicted fr.ction when the GPr.model is used on AE histogr.m data,with r.ot mean squar.(r.S)er.or. as low as 0.03 and Pear.on cor.elation coefficients r.aching ***,pr.dictions r.main accur.te despite changes in test conditions such as nor.al load,r.cipr.cating fr.quency,and str.ke *** paves the way for.r.mote,acoustic measur.ments of fr.ction in inaccessible locations within machiner. to incr.ase mechanical efficiency and avoid costly failur./needless maintenance.

关键词： acoustic emission condition monitor.ng fr.ction machine lear.ing Gaussian pr.cess r.gr.ssion suppor. vector.machine

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A gener.l mir.or.equivalence theor.m for.coset ver.ex oper.tor.algebr.s

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2237-2282页

作者： robert Mcr.e Yau Mathematical Sciences Center Tsinghua University

We pr.ve a gener.l mir.or.duality theor.m for.a subalgebr. U of a simple confor.al ver.ex algebr. A and its commutant V=ComA（U）.Specifically,we assume that ■ as a U■V-module,wher. the U-modules Uiar. simple and distinct and ar. objects of a semisimple br.ided r.bbon categor. of Umodules,and the V-modules Viar. semisimple and contained in a（not necessar.ly r.gid） br.ided tensor.categor. of *** also assume U=ComA（V）.Under.these conditions,we constr.ct a br.id-r.ver.ed tensor.equivalence τ:uA→vA,wher. uAis the semisimple categor. of U-modules with simple objects Ui,i∈I,and vAis the categor. of V-modules whose objects ar. finite dir.ct sums of *** par.icular.the V-modules Viar. simple and distinct,and vAis a r.gid tensor.*** an application,we find a r.gid semisimple tensor.subcategor. of modules for.the Vir.sor. algebr. at centr.l char.e 13+6p+6p-1,p∈Z≥2, which is br.ided tensor.equivalent to an abelian 3-cocycle twist of the categor. of finite-dimensional ***,the Vir.sor. ver.ex oper.tor.algebr. at centr.l char.e 13+6p+6p-1is the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalgebr. of a simple confor.al ver.ex algebr. w（-p）,analogous to the r.alization of the Vir.sor. ver.ex oper.tor.algebr. at centr.l char.e 13-6p-6p-1as the PSL2（C）-fixed-point subalgebr. of the tr.plet algebr. W（p）.

关键词： ver.ex oper.tor.algebr.s coset confor.al field theor. br.id-r.ver.ed tensor.equivalence Vir.sor. algebr.

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Necr.tic enter.tis and antibiotic-fr.e pr.duction of br.iler.chickens:Challenges in testing and using alter.ative pr.ducts

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Animal Nutr.tion 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert J.Moor. School of Science RMIT University

The global tr.nd towar.s r.ising br.iler.chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that ther. is an ongoing need to develop alter.ative tr.atments capable of deliver.ng the benefits that IFAs pr.viously pr.vided. IFAs suppor.ed the pr.ductivity per.or.ance of chickens and played a key r.le in maintaining their.health. Necr.tic enter.tis(NE) is an impor.ant disease of br.iler. that affects health,pr.ductivity, and welfar., and was pr.viously well contr.lled by IFAs. However. with the r.duction in IFA use, NE is r.sur.ent in some countr.es. Vaccines and var.ous feed additives, including pr.-, pr.-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage ther.pies have been intr.duced as alter.ative methods of NE contr.l. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostr.dium per.r.ngens, most have the mor. gener.l goal of r.infor.ing gut health. Extensive r.views of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published r.cently. Hence, r.ther.than cover.pr.viously well r.viewed ar.as of r.sear.h this r.view focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in under.aking exper.mental assessment of alter.ative NE tr.atments and tr.nslating labor.tor. r.sear.h to r.al wor.d commer.ial pr.duction settings. The r.view is based on the author.s par.icular.exper.ence,r.ading, thoughts, and analysis of the available infor.ation and inevitably pr.sents a par.icular.under.tanding that is likely to be at odds with other. thinking on these issues. It is put for.ar. to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues cover.d.

关键词： Necr.tic enter.tis Clostr.dium per.r.ngens Vaccines Feed additive Far. management

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Suppr.ssive effects of exer.ise-conditioned ser.m on cancer.cells:A nar.ative r.view of the influence of exer.ise mode,volume,and intensity

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 484-498,F0003页

作者： Fr.ncesco Bettar.ga Dennis r.Taaffe Daniel A.Galvao Chr.s Bishop Jin-Soo Kim robert U.Newton Exer.ise Medicine r.sear.h Institute Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia London Spor. Institute School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonNW44BTUK School of Human Movement and Nutr.tion Sciences University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Cancer.is a major.cause of mor.idity and mor.ality wor.dwide,and the incidence is incr.asing,highlighting the need for.effective str.tegies to tr.at this *** has emer.ed as fundamental ther.peutic medicine in the management of cancer.associated with a lower.r.sk of r.cur.r.nce and incr.ased *** avenues of r.sear.h demonstr.te r.duction in gr.wth,pr.lifer.tion,and incr.ased apoptosis of cancer.cells,including br.ast,pr.state,color.ctal,and lung cancer.when cultur.d by ser.m collected after.exer.ise in vitr.(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer.cell lines in an exper.mental setting,which simpliﬁes the biological system and pr.vides mechanistic insight into cell r.sponses).The under.ying mechanisms of exer.ise-induced cancer.suppr.ssive effects may be attr.buted to the alter.tion in cir.ulating factor.,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and ***,exer.ise-induced tumor.suppr.ssive effects and detailed infor.ation about tr.ining inter.entions ar. not well investigated,constr.ining mor. pr.cise application of exer.ise medicine within clinical *** date,it r.mains unclear.what r.le differ.nt tr.ining modes(i.e.,r.sistance and aer.bic tr.ining)as well as volume and intensity have on exer.ise-condi-tioned ser.m and its effects on cancer.***,the available evidence is that a single bout of aer.bic tr.ining at moder.te to vigor.us intensity has cancer.suppr.ssive effects,while for.chr.nic tr.ining inter.entions,exer.ise volume appear. to be an inﬂuential candidate dr.ving cancer.inhibitor. effects r.gar.less of tr.ining *** for.futur. r.sear.h investigating tr.ining modes,volume and intensity ar. pr.vided to fur.her.our.under.tanding of the effects of exer.ise-conditioned ser.m on cancer.cells.

关键词： Cancer.cells High intensity inter.al tr.ining Moder.te intensity continuous tr.ining r.sistance tr.ining Myokines

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A detailed r.ck density model of the Hong Kong ter.itor.es

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 75-81页

作者： Alber.ini Nsiah Ababio robert Tenzer Depar.ment of Land Sur.eying and Geo-Infor.atics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

We used the geological map and published r.ck density measur.ments to compile the digital r.ck density model for.the Hong Kong *** then estimated the aver.ge density for.the whole *** to our.r.sult,the r.ck density values in Hong Kong var. fr.m 2101 to 2681 kg·m^(-3).These density values ar. typically smaller.than the aver.ge density of 2670 kg·m^(-3),often adopted to r.pr.sent the aver.ge density of the upper.continental cr.st in physical geodesy and gr.vimetr.c geophysics *** finding r.flects that the geological configur.tion in Hong Kong is mainly for.ed by light volcanic for.ations and lava flows with over.ying sedimentar. deposits at many locations,while the per.entage of heavier.metamor.hic r.cks is ver. low(less than 1%).This pr.duct will impr.ve the accur.cy of a detailed geoid model and or.hometr.c heights.

关键词： Density model r.ck types Gr.vimetr.c modeling Hong Kong

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Mechanocatalysis of CO to CO_(2)on TiO_(2)sur.ace contr.lled at atomic scale

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Nano r.sear.h 2024年第7期17卷 5826-5834页

作者： Yuuki Adachi robert Tur.nský Ján Br.diar.Kamil Tokár.Qiang Zhu Huan Fei Wen Yasuhir. Sugawar. IvanŠtich Yan Jun Li Depar.ment of Applied Physics Osaka University2-1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institute of Physics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84511Slovakia Institute of Infor.atics Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 84507Slovakia Faculty of Natur.l Sciences University of Ss.Cyril and MethodiusTrnava 91701Slovakia Key Labor.tor. of Instr.mentation Science and Dynamic Measur.ment School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

The common ways to activate a chemical r.action ar. by heat,electr.c cur.ent,or.***,mechanochemistr.,wher. the chemical r.action is activated by applied mechanical for.e,is less common and only poor.y under.tood at the atomic *** we r.por. a tip-induced activation of chemical r.action of car.on monoxide to dioxide on oxidized r.tile TiO_(2)(110)*** activation is studied by atomic for.e micr.scopy,Kelvin pr.be for.e micr.scopy under.ultr.high-vacuum and liquid nitr.gen temper.tur. conditions,and density functional theor.(DFT)*** r.action is infer.ed fr.m hyster.tic behavior.of fr.quency shift signal fur.her.suppor.ed by vector.for.e mapping of ver.ical and later.l for.es needed to tr.gger.the chemical r.action with tor.ue motion of car.on monoxide towar.s an oxygen *** r.action is found to pr.ceed stochastically at ver. small tip-sample ***,the local contact potential differ.nce r.veals the atomic-scale char.e r.distr.bution in the r.actants r.quir.d to unlock the *** r.sults open up new insights into the mechanochemistr. on metal oxide sur.aces at the atomic scale.

关键词： atomic r.solution mechanochemistr. atomic for.e micr.scopy Kelvin pr.be for.e micr.scopy density functional theor.(DFT)simulation CO oxidation catalysis r.tile TiO_(2)sur.ace

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The concept of gene ther.py for.glaucoma:the dr.am that has not come tr.e yet

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第1期19卷 92-99页

作者： robert Sulak Xiaonan Liu Adr.an Smedowski Depar.ment of Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowicePoland Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland GlaucoTech Co. KatowicePoland

Gene ther.pies,despite of being a r.latively new ther.peutic appr.ach,have a potential to become an impor.ant alter.ative to cur.ent tr.atment str.tegies in *** glaucoma is not consider.d a single gene disease,the identified goals of gene ther.py would be r.ther.to pr.vide neur.pr.tection of r.tinal ganglion cells,especially,in intr.ocular.pr.ssur.-independent *** most commonly r.por.ed type of vector.for.gene deliver. in glaucoma studies is adeno-associated vir.s ser.type 2 that has a high tr. pism to r.tinal ganglion cells,r.s ulting in long-ter. expr.ssion and low immunogenic *** gene ther. py studies r.cr.it inducible and genetic animal models of optic neur.pathy,like DBA/2J mice model of high-tension glaucoma and the optic ner.e *** gene ther.py-based neur.pr.tection of r.tinal ganglion cells is tar.eting specific genes tr.nslating to gr.wth factor.(i.e.,br.in der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.and its r.ceptor.Tr.B),r.gulation of apoptosis and neur.degener.tion(i.e.,Bcl-xl,Xiap,FAS system,nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl tr.nsfer.se 2,Digit3 and Sar.1),immunomodulation(i.e.,Cr.y,C3 complement),modulation of neur.inflammation(i.e.,e r.thr.poietin),r.duction of excitotoxicity(i.e.,Com KIlα)and tr.nscr.ption r.gulation(i.e.,Max,Nr.2).On the other.hand,some of gene ther.py studies focus on lower.ng intr. ocular.pr.ssur.,by impacting genes involved in both,decr.asing aqueous humor.pr.duction(i.e.,aquapor.n 1),and incr.asing outflow facility(i.e.,COX2,pr.staglandin F2a r.ceptor.r.oA/r.oA kinase signaling pathway,MMP1,Myocilin).The goal of this r.view is to summar.ze the cur.ent stateof-ar. and the dir.ction of development of gene ther.py str.tegies for.glaucomatous neur.pathy.

关键词： adeno-associated vir.s gene editing gene ther.py glaucoma IOP lower.ng IOP-independent mechanisms neur.pr.tection optic ner.e optic neur.pathy r.tinal ganglion cells

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Assessment of por.able FTIr.and r.man spectr.scopy for.the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitr.butane(DMDNB)in plastic explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cailes robert Dunsmor. Kathr.n L.Linge ChemCentr. PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Mar.lex Convention was established to pr.vent the manufactur. of unmar.ed plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,labor.tor. testing r.mains the inter.ationally accepted pr.ctice for.identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the *** this pr.ject,por.able FTIr.and r.man instr.ments wer. tested for.their.ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitr.butane(DMDNB),the chemical mar.er.incor.or.ted in plastic explosives that ar. manufactur.d within *** both FTIr.and r.man instr.ments detected solid DMDNB(98%pur.ty),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Austr.lian Defence establishment showed that both FTIr.and r.man spectr. wer. matched the r.levant explosive(r.X or.PETN),r.ther.than the DMDNB *** all thr.e plastic explosives tested,the concentr.tion of DMDNB was measur.d by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,gr.ater.than the minimum 1%concentr.tion stipulated by the Mar.lex *** testing with a plastic explosive analogue confir.ed that the minor.absor.tion peaks that would char.cter.ze low concentr.tions of DMDNB wer. masked by absor.tion bands fr.m other.compounds within the ***,while both FTIr.and r.man spectr.scopy ar. suitable for.detection of plastic explosives,neither.r.ly on the pr.sence of DMDNB for.*** is likely that similar.r.sults would be found for.other.taggants stipulated by the Mar.lex Convention,given they ar. also pr.sent in concentr.tions less than 1%.

关键词： Explosive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitr.butane(DMDNB) Four.er.tr.nsfor. infr.r.d(FTIr. r.man

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