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Food supply and the obesity scourge: Is there a relationship?

Health 2012年第12期4卷 1457-1463页

作者： Lillian Mwanri Wendy Foley John Coveney robert Muller Fiona Verity Paul R. Ward Patricia Carter philip Mohr Anne Taylor Department of Social Work Flinders University Adelaide Australia Discipline of Public Health Flinders University Adelaide Australia Health Promotion Branch SA Health Adelaide Australia Inala Indigenous Health Service Queensland Health Inala Australia Population Research and Outcome Studies Unit SA Health Adelaide Australia School of Psychology University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

This paper reviews literature on the relationship between food supply and obesity. The focus is on the supply, cost, and variety of food through various types of food outlets and the impact of these factors on obesity in developed countries. The article reveals complex relationships between food supply factors and obesity. A numer of factors related to lifestyles including the mobility of populations and the use of motor vehicles greatly reduce the impact of the local environment on family and individual eating patterns. However, obesity is also affected by factors such as the type and density of food outlets, the cost of food, the travel distance and means of transport to the food outlet. While the relationship between food supply and obesity in the literature reveals complex and mixed findings, this paper concludes obesity is complex and food supply is only part of this phenomenon’s predictors. Because the relationship between food supply and obesity is mediated by such multiple and complex factors including population behaviours, beliefs, lifestyles, knowledge and both food and physical environments;multiple strategies including policy development and other strategies aimed at manipulating food environments, physical environments, populations’ beliefs, behaviours and practices must be considered in searching for evidence to effectively combat obesity.

关键词： Obesity Food Supply Food Outlets Socio Economic Status Complex Relationships

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High-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities with bidimensional Si_(3)N_(4) photonic-crystal slabs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 320-327页

作者： Xu Chen Clément Chardin Kevin Makles Charles Caër Sheon Chua Rémy Braive Isabelle robert-philip Tristan Briant Pierre-François Cohadon Antoine Heidmann Thibaut Jacqmin Samuel Deléglise Laboratoire Kastler Brossel UPMC-Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSENS-PSL Research UniversityCollège de France4 place JussieuCase 74F75252 ParisFrance Current address:IBM Research-Zürich Säumerstrasse 48803 RüschlikonSwitzerland Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures LPN-CNRS/CNRS Route de Nozay91460 MarcoussisFrance UniversitéParis Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité75207 ParisFrance

Light scattering by a two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab(PCS)can result in marked interference effects associated with Fano *** devices offer appealing alternatives to distributed Bragg reflectors and filters for various applications,such as optical wavelength and polarization filters,reflectors,semiconductor lasers,photodetectors,bio-sensors and non-linear optical *** PCS also have natural applications in the field of optomechanics,where the mechanical modes of a suspended slab interact via radiation pressure with the optical field of a high-finesse *** reflectivity and transmission properties of a defect-free suspended PCS around normal incidence can be used to couple out-of-plane mechanical modes to an optical field by integrating it in a free-space *** we demonstrate the successful implementation of a PCS reflector on a high-tensile stress Si_(3)N_(4) *** illustrate the physical process underlying the high reflectivity by measuring the photonic-crystal band ***,we introduce a clear theoretical description of the membrane scattering properties in the presence of optical *** embedding the PCS inside a high-finesse cavity,we fully characterize its optical *** spectrally,angular-and polarization-resolved measurements demonstrate the wide tunability of the membrane’s reflectivity,from nearly 0 to 99.9470±0.0025%,and show that material absorption is not the main source of optical ***,the cavity storage time demonstrated in this work exceeds the mechanical period of low-order mechanical drum *** so-called resolved-sideband condition is a prerequisite to achieve quantum control of the mechanical resonator with light.

关键词： Fano resonance high-reflectivity membrane low-loss optical reflector nanomembrane resonator photonic-crystal slab quantum optomechanics

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Priority areas at the frontiers of ecology and energy

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第10期4卷 2-5页

作者： S.K.Chou robert Costanza philip Earis Klaus Hubacek B.Larry Li Yonglong Lu Roland Span Hao Wang Jianping Wu Yegang Wu Jerry J.Yan Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Crawford School of Public Policy The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Joule Publication Department CellPressCambridgeMAUSA Geography Department University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Thermodynamics Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Joule Publication Department China Institute of Hydraulic and Hydropower ResearchBeijingChina School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Beijing Bold Institute of Eco-City Planning&DesignBeijingChina Joule Publication Department Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)StockholmSweden

The complexity of economic development and humanitarian crisesmeans that energy science and technology should be involved in actions that address almost everymajor challenges of ecosystem health and *** is the engine of the world economy and the key to ecosystems’functioning,which also has a great impact on global *** energy crisis,environmental pollution,overuse of natural resources,water supply shortages,global climate disruption,and deteriorating ecosystems are major challenges to address in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).In light of the frontiers in energy sciences and disruptive innovation in eco-tech,we recognize the need to review and establish working mechanisms that identify and examine issues that are critical to future sustainable development,to offer advice to decision-makers in different social sectors(public and private),to secure a shared future for mankind,and to achieve shared prosperity and common interests through international communications and collaborations.

关键词： Energy ecology sustainability United Nations Goals

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Use of Synteny Conversion in Identification of Candidate Genes for Somitogenesis in Humans

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第2期2卷 62-68页

作者： philip F. Giampietro Cathy L. Raggio robert D. Blank Hospital for Special Surgery New York USA University of Wisconsin Madison USA

Understanding the genetic component of scoliosis in humans has relied on the assumption that spine development is conserved across species. Since evolutionary conserved genes tend to lie within synteny blocks (HSBs) and genes which are not conserved lie within evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs), HSB analysis may be used to determine if spine development is conserved across species. We hypothesized that vertebral patterning genes are conserved in amniotes and their location is within stable or “syntenic” regions of chromosomes. Seventy seven patterning genes involved in Fgf, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were analyzed to determine their location within HSBs or EBRs in the genomes of several amniotic species. The human genome was divided into 1 Mbp intervals and a comparison was made to determine whether these genes were preferentially localized within HSBs or EBRs associated with rapid evolution. The results indicate that genes associated with somite development in humans are preferentially located away from the EBRs: 0.014 genes in EBRs on genome average vs. 0.030 on average in other parts of the genome (p-value = 0.01). The concentration of vertebral patterning genes in HSBs, provides evidence that developmental pathways involved in vertebral morphogenesis are likely conserved across amniotes, consistent with their known function. These data support prior observations indicating that gene networks associated with major developmental processes such as neuronal, central nervous system, bone and blood vessel development, some mediated by Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, were less likely to be localized at EBRs.

关键词： Synteny Candidate Genes Vertebral Patterning Genes Congenital Scoliosis Idiopathic Scoliosis

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Recent advances in seasonal and multi-annual tropical cyclone forecasting

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第3期12卷 182-199页

作者： Yuhei Takaya Louis-philippe Caron Eric Blake Francois Bonnardot Nicolas Bruneau Joanne Camp Johnny Chan Paul Gregory Jhordanne J.Jones Namyoung Kang philip J.Klotzbach Yuriy Kuleshov Marie-Dominique Leroux Julia F.Lockwood Hiroyuki Murakami Akio Nishimura Dushmanta R.Pattanaik Tom J.Philp Yohan Ruprich-robert Ralf Toumi Frederic Vitart Seonghee Won Ruifen Zhan Meteorological Research Institute Japan Meteorological AgencyIbarakiJapan Ouranos MontrealCanada National Hurricane Center National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationMiamiUSA Meteo-France Direction Interregionale pour l'Ocean IndienSaint-Denisde La ReunionFrance Reask LondonUK Bureau of Meteorology VictoriaAustralia City University of Hong Kong Hong KongChina Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center ShanghaiChina Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghaiChina Department of Earth Atmosphericand Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUSA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA Department of Geography Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology(RMIT)University MelbourneAustralia Met Office Hadley Centre ExeterUK National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory PrincetonUSA Japan Meteorological Agency TokyoJapan India Meteorological Department New DelhiIndia Maximum Information LondonUK Barcelona Supercomputing Center BarcelonaSpain Department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondonUK European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) ReadingUK Korea Meteorological Administration JejuRepublic of Korea Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Seasonal tropical cyclone(TC)forecasting has evolved substantially since its commencement in the early ***,present operational seasonal TC forecasting services still do not meet the requirements of society and stakeholders:current operational products are mainly basin-scale information,while more detailed sub-basin scale information such as potential risks of TC landfall is anticipated for decision *** fill this gap and make the TC science and services move forward,this paper reviews recent research and development in seasonal tropical cyclone(TC)*** particular,this paper features new research topics on seasonal TC predictability in neutral conditions of El Ni˜no–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),emerging forecasting techniques of seasonal TC activity including Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence,and multi-annual TC *** also review the skill of forecast systems at predicting landfalling statistics for certain regions of the North Atlantic,Western North Pacific and South Indian oceans and discuss the gap that remains between current products and potential user's *** knowledge and advanced forecasting techniques are expected to further enhance the capability of seasonal TC forecasting and lead to more actionable and fit-for-purpose products.

关键词： Tropical cyclones Seasonal forecasting Climate services

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频域信息在感音神经性听力损失患者普通话声调感知中的作用

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2012年第2期47卷 122-126页

作者：王硕 robert Mannell philip Newall 刘博张华韩德民首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室（首都医科大学） 100730 Department of Linguistics Macquarie University Hearing Cooperative Research Center Australia Department of Linguistics Macquarie University Renwick Centre Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children Australia

目的探讨言语频域包络信息和精细结构信息对听力正常和感音神经性听力损失人群汉语普通话声调识别的作用.方法采用线性预测编码技术对具有相同音节但不同声调的单音节字进行频域包络与精细结构的分离,将具有相同音节不同声调的单音节... 详细信息

目的探讨言语频域包络信息和精细结构信息对听力正常和感音神经性听力损失人群汉语普通话声调识别的作用.方法采用线性预测编码技术对具有相同音节但不同声调的单音节字进行频域包络与精细结构的分离,将具有相同音节不同声调的单音节字的频域包络信息进行互换,合成128个新的具有来自于不同声调的频域包络和精细结构信息的“单音节字”.利用这些“单音节字”测试20名听力正常人与48例感音神经性听力损失患者（20例中度、20例中重度及8例重度）的声调感知能力.利用SPSS 15.0软件进行统计分析.结果听力正常受试者99.7％的声调识别基于频域精细结构信息,中度至重度听力损失患者基于频域精细结构感知声调的识别率分别为97.7％,96.3％和83.0％.各组受试者均未依靠频域包络信息识别声调.三组听力损失患者依靠频域精细结构识别声调的能力均与听力正常受试者存在差异（x2=59.2,P＜0.001）.感音神经性听力损失患者利用频域精细结构信息识别声调的能力与其听力损失程度呈负相关关系（r=-0.643,P＜0.001）.结论频域精细结构信息在普通话声调识别中起主要作用,精细结构存在时,频域包络信息对声调识别不起作用.感音神经性听力损失患者利用频域信息感知声调的模式与听力正常人群相似,伴随听力损失程度加重,其利用频域精细结构信息感知声调的能力缓慢降低.

关键词：听觉丧失,感音神经性语音学测听法,言语

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Management System Activities of the Operation and Utilization of GHARR-1

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2023年第4期11卷 807-826页

作者： Edward Shitsi Henry Cecil Odoi Kwame Gyamfi philip Dordoh-Gasu Isaac Kwasi Baidoo Edward Oscar Amponsah-Abu Emmanuel Kwesi Boafo Samuel Yao Ganyaglo Samuel Boakye Dampare Henry Kwame Obeng William Osei-Mensah Wilfred Sedofia Massiasta robert Ekow Quagraine Nuclear Reactors Research Centre National Nuclear Research Institute Ghana Atomic Energy Commission Accra Ghana

The Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) is a 34 kW low enriched uranium (LEU) Miniature Neutron Source Reactor (MNSR), tank-in-pool type and cooled by natural circulation under atmospheric pressure operating conditions. GHARR-1 is owned by Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) and operated by National Nuclear Research Institute (NNRI), one of the institutes of GAEC. GHARR-1 is housed by Nuclear Reactors Research Centre (NRRC), one of the Centres of NNRI. Management/Administration, Radiation protection, Reactor operation and maintenance, Reactor utilization and Physical protection are the various systems/units that integrate to manage the activities of operation and utilization of GHARR-1 in addition to the quality assurance and quality control management system of the research reactor facility. The GHARR-1 which is currently in operation follows a robust maintenance culture adopted by the management system and this has made it possible to keep the reactor in operation with minimal interruption. The management system activities adopted at the Centre to ensure safety of the workers, public and the research reactor facility include authorization of the operation of the reactor for any experiments/modifications;providing material and financial resources for maintaining the research reactor facility;following standard procedures while carrying out Neutron Activation Analysis;participation in IAEA proficiency test;irradiation sites/positions characterization;following standard procedures while carrying out reactor operation and maintenance including reactor and pool water purification and other related activities;monitoring radiation levels in the controlled, supervised and uncontrolled areas of the research reactor facility as well as during reactor operation and maintenance;controlling the physical entry of the workers and public into the research reactor facility;and ensuring that the security structures provided to protect the reactor facility are functioning properly.

关键词： Management Systems Quality Assurance and Quality Control Research Re-actor Operation and Utilization Monitoring Forms Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1)

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Tumor Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Agents

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第2期2卷 258-265页

作者： James Chen Peter S. Edelstein philip J. Johnson robert Lustig Lucien Ooi 不详

Despite the development of new targeted cancer therapies, primary and secondary tumors continue to be a leading cause of suffering and mortality worldwide. The complexity and heterogeneity of malignancies ultimately result in tumor resistance to therapies, such as EGFR inhibitiors, anti-angiogenesis agents, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An example of targeted therapies for renal cell carcinoma is presented, including the SAE profile and efficacy of 6 targeted agents. Although survival is improved, resistance and an increased side effect profile diminish the benefits of these agents. New agents are needed which are pathway independent and which can overcome tumor resistance without adding to the side effect profile of current therapies.

关键词： Tumor Resistance Signaling Pathway Gene Pathway Oncogene Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Nanotechnology:fundamental research to product development

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Engineering Sciences 2012年第5期10卷 42-44页

作者： Graham J Davie Zahra F Rad Carl Anthony philip Prewett Jing Peng robert Nordon The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2025 Australi The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

The concept of an integrated "lab on a chip" has long been a goal for the micro-electro-mechanical-systems(MEMS) *** would entail the integration of not only the sampling and analysis of various functions,but also the ability to transmit this information off the chip to a central *** paper describes the initial steps in the fabrication of a "lab on a chip" which would continually analyze blood sampled via microneedles using techniques such as nano plasmonics,specifically,concentrations of *** analysis could then be transmitted off the chip using digital signal *** paper describes the analysis and optimization of the microneedle shape and size and the fabrication of the resulting needles in silicon using deep reactive ion etching(DRIE).The paper also describes the opportunities for fabrication of such needles in alternative materials and describes the issues that still have to be overcome before such an integrated device is realized.

关键词：纳米技术产品开发基础研究数字信号处理反应离子蚀刻微机电系统葡萄糖浓度 MEMS

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疫苗新星的崛起之路

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商业周刊（中文版） 2021年第14期 60-65页

作者： robert Langreth philip Keith(摄影) 不详

一年前,莫德纳(Moderna)还是一家未盈利的公司,它没有一款产品在市场上销售,只有一项前景不错但完全未经证明的技术。它的所有试验性药物和疫苗无一完成大规模试验。它有一款基于信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的新冠疫苗即将进Ⅲ期临床试验,但专... 详细信息

一年前,莫德纳(Moderna)还是一家未盈利的公司,它没有一款产品在市场上销售,只有一项前景不错但完全未经证明的技术。它的所有试验性药物和疫苗无一完成大规模试验。它有一款基于信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的新冠疫苗即将进Ⅲ期临床试验,但专家们对它相比传统的、更成熟的疫苗技术孰优孰劣意见不一。

关键词： Ⅲ期临床试验疫苗试验性药物

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