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Hydrogel-based local drug delivery strategies for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 247-253页

作者： robert b.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of biomedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA New Jersey Center for biomaterials Rutgers–The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Spinal cord injury results in significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Although a wide range of therapeutic agents have been shown to attenuate secondary injury or promote regeneration/repair in animal models of spinal cord injury, clinical translation of these strategies has been limited, in part due to difficulty in safely and effectively achieving therapeutic concentrations in the injured spinal cord tissue. Hydrogelbased drug delivery systems offer unique opportunities to locally deliver drugs to the injured spinal cord with sufficient dose and duration, while avoiding deleterious side effects associated with systemic drug administration. Such local drug delivery systems can be readily fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable materials. In this review, hydrogel-based strategies for local drug delivery to the injured spinal cord are extensively reviewed, and recommendations are made for implementation.

关键词： drug carriers drug delivery hydrogels microparticles nanoparticles neurotrophic factors scaffolds spinal cord injury

Minocycline targets multiple secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 702-713页

作者： robert b.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA

Minocycline hydrochloride（MH）, a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative, is a clinically available antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits potent neuroprotective activities. It has been shown to target multiple secondary injury mechanisms in spinal cord injury, via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The secondary injury mechanisms that MH can potentially target include inflammation, free radicals and oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, ischemia, hemorrhage, and edema. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of the multifaceted actions of MH. Its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects are partially achieved through conserved mechanisms such as modulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（MApK） and phosphoinositide 3-kinase（pI3K）/Akt signaling pathways as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases（MMps）. Additionally, MH can directly inhibit calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate（NMDA） receptors, mitochondrial calcium uptake, poly（ADp-ribose） polymerase-1（pARp-1） enzymatic activity, and iron toxicity. It can also directly scavenge free radicals. because it can target many secondary injury mechanisms, MH treatment holds great promise for reducing tissue damage and promoting functional recovery following spinal cord injury.

关键词： minocycline inflammation anti-oxidant neuroprotection oxidative stress glutamate exitotoxicity cytochrome c p38 MApK pI3K/Akt calcium influx

Invasion syndromes:hypotheses on relationships among invasive species attributes and characteristics of invaded sites

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 275-283页

作者： Lora b pERKINS robert S NOWAK Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD 57007USA Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science University of NevadaReno NV 89557USA

As invasion science accepts that there is no single causal factor for biological invasion, the identification of groups of traits that are often associated, or ＂syndromes＂, is a logical move forward. Invasion syndromes are proposed to identify suites of site conditions （biotic and environmental） that render a site vulnerable to invasion by different types of invaders. This paper proposed four invasion syndromes which relate invader attributes （competitive ability, niche construction, phenotypic plasticity, and phenological niche separation） to the biotic characteristics （biodiversity and enemies） and environmental conditions （resource abundance and fluctuation） of invaded sites. The four invasion syndromes described in this paper are a development of hypotheses of how the many factors that influence species invasion might be associated. Invasion Syndrome 1 proposes that sites with relatively high resource abundance and high diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high competitive ability. Invasion Syndrome 2 hypothesizes that sites with relatively low resource abundance and low diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with niche construction ability. Invasion Syndrome 3 postulates that sites with moderate or fluctuating resources and moderate diversity should be vulnerable to invasion by species with high phenotypic plasticity. Invasion Syndrome 4 hypothesizes that species introduced into a site where it has phenological niche separation from natives will not have to contend with interference from the biotic community at a site （diversity or natural enemies） and may invade where ever site environmental conditions suit its life history. Further work is needed to support, contradict, or refine these hypotheses and almost certainly will identify more invasion syndromes.

关键词： non-native competitive ability niche construction ecosystem engineering phenotypic plasticity phenological niche separation

performance evaluation of near real-time condition monitoring in haul trucks

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第6期30卷 909-915页

作者： Hemanth Reddy Alla robert Hall Derek b.Apel University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2H5Canada

Strategic maintenance plays a key role in ensuring high availability and utilization of the haul trucks,and as equipment began to grow more complex towards the end of the 20th century,there was a need for a proactive maintenance strategy,which led to the development of condition-based *** condition monitoring(RTCM)is the ability to perform condition monitoring in real-time and has the ability to alert maintenance and operations of abnormal *** alarms can be used as an indication leading to a problem,and if a suitable corrective action is initiated in time,it could result in significant savings of equipment downtime and repair *** study aims to compare some maintenance performance indicators prior to and after implementation of RTCM strategy at a mine site using some tests of statistical *** study also indicated the presence of seasonality in the data,and thus the data was deseasonalized and detrended prior to being subjected to the statistical ***,the results indicated that RTCM strategy has proven to be successful in improving the availability for some of the failure categories chosen in this study.

关键词： Haul trucks Real-time condition monitoring performance indicators

Regulatory T cells in viral hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4858-4864页

作者： Eva billerbeck Tobias bttler robert Thimme Department of Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital Freiburg Germany

The pathogenesis and outcome of viral infections are significantly influenced by the host immune response. The immune system is able to eliminate many viruses in the acute phase of infection. However, some viruses, like hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis b virus (HbV), can evade the host immune responses and establish a persistent infection. HCV and HbV persistence is caused by various mechanisms, like subversion of innate immune responses by viral factors, the emergence of T cell escape mutations, or T cell dysfunction and suppression. Recently, it has become evident that regulatory T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis and outcome of viral infections by suppressing antiviral immune responses. Indeed, the control of HCV and HbV specific immune responses mediated by regulatory T cells may be one mechanism that favors viral persistence, but it may also prevent the host from overwhelming T cell activity and liver damage. This review will focus on the role of regulatory T cells in viral hepatitis.

关键词： Regulatory T cells Viral hepatitis Immunoregulation

Construction of a sequential light-harvesting system via supramolecular copolymerization

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第8期34卷 1-2页

作者： Hongwei Qian Tangxin Xiao robert b.p.Elmes Leyong Wang School of petrochemical Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou 213164China Department of Chemistry Maynooth UniversityNational University of IrelandMaynoothCo.KildareIreland State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

The current energy crisis is a worldwide problem and the search for clean and economic energy production is a global *** this context,the exploitation and utilization of solar energy is becoming more and more *** in nature sets an outstanding example to harvest,transfer and store solar energy[1].In most of the photosynthetic organisms such as purple photosynthetic bacteria,the rigid protein scaffolds serve as key elements to bind pigments and control their excitation energy *** energy transfer is especially intriguing in this field to make full use of full-band solar *** mimic natural photosynthesis[2].

关键词： becoming harvesting store

Guizhou province, China: the birthplace of modern Medical Geology

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Acta Geochimica 2020年第1期39卷 155-159页

作者： robert b.Finkelman Jose A.Centeno University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX 75080USA International Medical Geology Association GaithersburgMD 20879USA

Medical Geology,the emerging discipline that focuses on the health impacts of geologic materials and geologic processes,has its roots in Guizhou province,*** the 1980 s *** baoshan and his students recognized that a large number of people in Guizhou province had clinical symptoms of arsenic poisoning,fluorine exposure,selenosis,and other diseases caused by exposure to potentially toxic trace elements or due to deficiency of essential *** publications and invitations to scientists to visit the province ultimately resulted in increased attention to the health impacts of the natural environment and the formation of scientific societies,the publication of at least a dozen books,and thousands of technical articles on what is now called Medical Geology.

关键词： Coal Fluorosis Arsenic poisoning Selenosis Health impacts Environmental health

Classification of flow regimes in gas-liquid horizontal Couette-Taylor flow using dimensionless criteria

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第5期27卷 773-781页

作者： HUbACZ robert Faculty of Chemical and process Engineering Warsaw University of Technology

In this paper, the flow patterns observed in horizontal Couette-Taylor flow（CTF） were correlated using dimensionless numbers. The analysis of the results showed that the structure of the flow was an outcome of interaction between fluid inertia related to axial and rotational flows and gravitation. Therefore, the flow structures were correlated using axial and angular Reynolds numbers, and Archimedes number for the given value of gas-to-liquid flow ratio. Finally, the correlation for the prediction of the transition to the flow regime observed at high rotational speeds was proposed. The comparison with experiments carried out in the vertical CTF from the literature showed that this correlation can also be useful in the case of vertical flow.

关键词： gas-liquid flow Couette-Taylor flow(CTF) flow regime maps

Endoscopic management of refractory gastrointestinal non-variceal bleeding using Histoacryl(N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate)glue

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第3期4卷 232-236,I0002,I0003页

作者： Damien CK Loh robert b Wilson Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Liverpool HospitalSydneyAustralia

background:Histoacryl glue(N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate)has well-established utility in the endoscopic management of gastrointestinal variceal *** role of Histoacryl glue in non-variceal bleeding is less clear,and there are few articles describing its use in this ***:Six patients with intractable non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding were managed using injection of Histoacryl *** patients had previously failed conventional endostasis and/or interventional angioembolization and were not suitable for emergency salvage surgery due to serious comorbidities or unacceptable anaesthetic *** endoscopic Lipiodol-Histoacryl-Lipiodol sandwich injection technique was used in these *** clinical outcomes and complications were ***:There were four females and two males with a mean age of 55 *** lesions included gastric ulcers(n=2),duodenal ulcers(n=2),duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)(n=1)and rectal ulcers(n=1).All patients had successful Histoacryl endostasis without the requirement for salvage *** was no treatment-related morbidity and no *** patients had further bleeding after initial Histoacryl endostasis,which was successfully controlled with further endoscopic Histoacryl ***:Histoacryl endostasis should be included in the treatment algorithm for refractory non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding.

关键词： Histoacryl glue N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate endoscopy non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding