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Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer incidence:The NIH-AARp diet and health study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 739-746页

作者： Baruch Vainshelboim Jonathan myers Charles EMatthews Center for Tobacco Research Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43214USA Cardiology Division Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA Metabolic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMD 20850USA

Background Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness(NEE-CRF)has been shown to be associated with mortality,although its association with cancer incidence is *** study aimed to assess the prospective association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence in a large cohort of men and *** The National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired persons diet and health study is a prospective cohort that included 402,548 participants aged 50–71 years who were free from cancer at baseline(1995–1996)(men(n=238,835)and women(n=163,713))and were followed until December 31,*** exposure variable was NEE-CRF expressed in metabolic ***-CRF was estimated using a validated equation of self-reported predictors on demographics and lifestyle behaviors derived from baseline *** outcomes were total cancer incidence and incidence of prostate,breast,lung,and colorectal *** proportional hazards models were analyzed for the association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence outcomes adjusted for established cancer risk *** During 13.7±3.2 years of follow-up(mean±SD),64,344 men and 31,315 women developed a new *** every 1-metabolic equivalent higher NEE-CRF,the hazard ratios and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.96(95%CI:0.94–0.97)and 0.88(95%CI:0.84–0.92)of total and colorectal cancer incidence among men,and 0.95(95%CI:0.93–0.97)and 0.94(95%CI:0.91–0.97)of total and breast cancer incidence among women,respectively(all pprostate and lung cancers in men or colorectal and lung cancers in *** These results suggest that higher CRF levels,as assessed by the applied non-exercise estimated method,may provide preventive benefits against the development of cancer,while low CRF could potentially serve as a modifiable cancer risk *** NEE-CRF into screening paradigms and referring low-fit individuals to improve CRF could complemen

关键词： Aerobic capacity Breast cancer Cancer risk Colorectal cancer VO_(2max)

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COHESIVE ZONE FINITE ELEMENT-BASED MODELING OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURES

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2009年第5期22卷 443-452页

作者： A.p.Bunger robert G.Jeffrey CSIRO petroleum Resources Bayview AvenueClaytonVIC 3168Australia

Hydraulic fracturing is a powerful technology used to stimulate fluid production from reservoirs. The fully 3-D numerical simulation of the hydraulic fracturing process is of great importance to the efficient application of this technology, but is also a great challenge because of the strong nonlinear coupling between the viscous flow of fluid and fracture propagation. By taking advantage of a cohesive zone method to simulate the fracture process, a finite element model based on the existing pore pressure cohesive finite elements has been established to investigate the propagation of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture in an infinite elastic medium. The effect of cohesive material parameters and fluid viscosity on the hydraulic fracture behaviour has been investigated. Excellent agreement between the finite element results and analytical solutions for the limiting case where the fracture process is dominated by rock fracture toughness demonstrates the ability of the cohesive zone finite element model in simulating the hydraulic fracture growth for this case.

关键词： hydraulic fracture cohesive zone model finite element method

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Outcompeted by an invader?Interference and exploitative competition between tropical house gecko(Hemidactylus mabouia)and Barbados leaf-toed gecko(phyllodactylus pulcher)for diurnal refuges in anthropogenic coastal habitats

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第3期11卷 229-238页

作者： robert WILLIAMS Angelo p.pERNETTA Julia A.HORROCKS Ecology and Conservation Research Group School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK Ecology and Conservation Research Group University of BrightonHastingsUK Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of the West IndiesBarbadosWest Indies

House geckos in the genus Hemidactylus are highly successful colonizers of regions beyond their native range,with colonization often resulting in displacement of native gecko species through competitive interactions for daytime refuge(crevices)and prey *** report on data collected from nighttime surveys undertaken in April-May 2014 on Barbados,West Indies,that focused on the distribution and abundance of the endemic Barbados leaf-toed gecko(phyllodactylus pulcher)and the introduced tropical house gecko(Hemidactylus mabouia)along unlit coastal walls and among boulders in the grounds of a hotel *** contrast to patterns of displacement of native species by *** seen elsewhere,*** was more abundant than *** on coastal walls,whereas the latter was found in greater numbers using boulders at this *** and boulders differed with regard to availability of diurnal refugia suitable for geckos,with the walls having high frequency of small crevices with openingsparation was a result of differences in diurnal refuge use between the species,we conducted experimental trials in which geckos were allowed to select between refugia with different *** species selected for narrower and warmer refugia,and refugia that had been previously occupied by the other *** shared preferences for refugia type suggest that other factors underlie the niche separation observed in the *** supporting high densities of ***,coastal walls could offer important secondary habitat by augmenting the natural cliff side habitat of this endemic gecko,a finding that could be exploited for the conservation of this candidate species for Critically Endangered classification.

关键词： Barbados leaf-toed gecko Hemidactylus island endemic phyllodactylus tropical house gecko

Compensation of Illumination Variation and Geometric Distortion in Scanning Bound Books

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仪器仪表学报 2004年第S3期 256-259+269页

作者： robert p. Loce USA Webster Xerox Corporation NY 14580

Illumination variation and geometric distortion within a scan of a bound book page are well known image quality problems. The degradation of the scanned image is caused by the book page not being in uniform intimate contact with the scanning surface of the scanner. A system that corrects for those artifacts within scanned book page will be presented. In the proposed system, illumination data is first acquired through a sampling window having a long and thin geometry. From the data, foreground and background illumination distributions are defined and a spatially varying illumination gain factor is generated to normalize the illumination across the book page. The extracted illumination variation is then used to estimate the distance between book page and the scanning surface through an illumination model. Once the distance at each pixel position is determined, the optical magnification ratio at the pixel position is calculated. Based on this magnification ratio, a de-warping factor can be determined and used to locally rescale and resample the scanned image to compensate for the geometric distortion. Compared to the original scanned image, the processed image of a book page possesses a more pleasing appearance, and is easier to read and further process for purposes such as OCR.

关键词： Illumination variation Geometric distortion Bound book

The role of intermediaries in US workforce and education innovation

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Economic and political Studies 2023年第2期11卷 252-273页

作者： robert p.Giloth Formerly The Annie E.Casey Foundation BaltimoreMDUSA

Intermediaries are specialised organisations that perform bridging and integrative functions to achieve improved results of social *** have been most effective in the United States(US)when aligned with education and workforce system improvements and redesign,not as parallel and separate *** operate in many US social policy domains,including workforce and education,where they contribute to overcoming fragmented institutions and solving mismatch problems that interfere with hiring,career pathways and educational *** solutions are especially important for creating better outcomes for low-income students and workers and improving overall racial and ethnic *** mismatches especially prevalent in the US labour market require intermediary solutions:organising business to improve human resources,creating improved pathways from school to work,integrating and focussing multiple education investments,linking workforce and economic development,and improving access and use of data for design,performance management and *** paper discusses these mismatches and related intermediary solutions in more depth,offers examples of specific intermediaries in action and identifies intermediary challenges and opportunities faced by intermediaries to function *** paper also points out that,more broadly,intermediaries are only a part of the solution to labour market and education inequalities and that broader changes in the political economy and policies are required to effect wage growth and labour market participation.

关键词： Intermediaries US workforce education labour market economic development

perceived damage and areas of needed research for wildlife pests of California agriculture

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 265-279页

作者： Roger A.BALDWIN Terrell p.SALMON robert H.SCHMIDT robert M.TIMM Statewide IpM program University of California Cooperative ExtensionParlierCAUSA University of California Cooperative Extension San DiegoCAUSA Department of Environment and Society Utah State UniversityLoganUTUSA Hopland Research and Extension Center University of CaliformniaHoplandCAUSA

Many wildife species cause extensive damage to a variety of agricultural commodities in California,with es-timates of damage in the hundreds of millions *** the limited availability of resources to solve all human-wildlife conficts,we should focus management efforts on issues that provide the greatest benefit to ag-ricultural commodities in *** survey provides quantitative data on research needs to better guide future efforts in developing more effective,practical and appropriate methods for managing these *** found that ground squirels,pocket gophers,birds,wild pigs,coyotes and voles were the most common agricul-tural wildlife pest species in *** damage caused by these species could be quite high,but varied by agricultural *** most species,common forms of damage included loss of crop production and di-rect death of the plant,although livestock depredation was the greatest concern for *** methods used most frequently and those deemed most effective varied by pest species,although greater advancements in control methods were listed as a top research priority for all ***,the use of toxicants,biocon-trol and trapping were the most preferred methods for control,but this varied by *** general,integrated pest management practices were used to control wildlife pests,with a special preference for those approaches that were efficacious and quick and inexpensive to *** information and survey design should be useful in establishing research and management priorities for wildlife pest species in California and other similar re-gions.

关键词： agriculture California human-wildlife conflict integrated pest management survey

Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1767-1774页

作者： Noela prasad Gail M Ormsby robert p Finger Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 3011Australia VACCHO CollingwoodVIC 3066Australia professional Studies Faculty of BusinessEducationLaw and ArtsUniversity of Southern QueenslandWest StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Lifestyle Research Centre Avondale College of Higher EducationCooranbongNSW 2265Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of BonnRegina-Pacis-Weg 3Bonn 53113Germany

AIM: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice(EH-KAp) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care ***: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAp dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool. Face validity was assessed by the KAp survey team. Internal validity(congruency/criterion) was assessed by comparing descriptive analysis of two datasets(n=531;n=38) collected from the same sampling frame at different time points. Weighted scores were calculated for each construct. Kappa values for test-retest and inter-observer agreement were calculated to check the reliability of responses. The modified version was assessed by analysing the raw and ungrouped data. Responses were weighted and agreement was tested by comparing construct ***: Totally 38 respondents were included in this validation process(mean age 58.5 y). Mean scores for knowledge were 9.15(old questionnaire n=531) and 5.05(modified version). For attitude, the scores were 2.23 and 2.42, and for practice the scores were 3.33 and 2.21. Testretest agreement was between 62% to 93%(Kappa 0.24 to 0.86) for the ungrouped raw data, and 55% to 72%(Kappa 0.42 to 0.65) for KAp domain. Inter-observer Kappa value for ungrouped data was 0.37 and 0.45 for the weighted ***: This standardized tool applied at critical time points can assess trends in KAp within the same population and for comparison across groups. If used alongside a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness(RAAB), this tool provides a comprehensive perspective on eye-health of a population.

关键词： validation knowledge attitude practice eye health knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire

Expression levels of aminopeptidase-N genes in the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 505-512页

作者： robert M. Simpson Joanne poulton Ngaire p. Markwick Horticulture and Food Research Institute Palmerston North Horticulture and Food Research Institute Auckland New Zealand

Five aminopeptidase-N genes （EpApN1-5） of the tortricid moth Epiphyas postvittana have been isolated from a midgut expressed sequence tag （EST） library. Relative RNA expression of these genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using actin as a reference gene. Measurements were made on various tissues of fifth instar larvae, over all stages of the life cycle and under differing dietary conditions： different protein sources and levels, and in presence of trypsin and metalloprotease inhibitors. Gene expression for all five genes was the greatest in midgut tissue, but was also detected in the hindgut, fat body and Malpighian tubules. EpApN4 was consistently the highest expressed, with EpApN3 at about half that level; EpApN5 was the least expressed. During larval stages expression was high, generally increasing over the instars, after an early peak as neonates or first instars. Expression in other life stages was much lower. Males and females showed differing expression in the pupal and adult stages： female expression was higher in the pupa, this reversed in the adult. Gene expression levels and ratios both changed with diet. A natural apple leaf diet depressed levels. Diets with the most impaired amino acid balance induced the greatest change; generally EpApN1 increased by the greatest proportion. The addition of proteinase inhibitor also increased gene expression, and it was noteworthy that the trypsin inhibitor addition, which has been shown to double aminopeptidase activity, also doubled levels of gene expression.

关键词： aminopeptidase Epiphyas postvittana Q-pCR

Investigational treatments for neurodegenerative diseases caused by inheritance of gene mutations:lessons from recent clinical trials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1679-1683页

作者： Bruno p.Imbimbo Viviana Triaca Camillo Imbimbo robert Nisticò Department of Research&Development Chiesi FarmaceuticiParmaItaly Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research CouncilRomeItaly Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of PaviaPaviaItaly School of pharmacy Department of BiologyUniversity of Tor Vergataand European Brain Research Institute(EBRI)RomeItaly

We reviewed recent major clinical trials with investigational drugs for the treatment of subjects with neurodegenerative diseases caused by inheritance of gene mutations or associated with genetic risk ***,we discussed randomized clinical trials in subjects with Alzheimer's disease,Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis bearing pathogenic gene mutations,and glucocerebrosidase-associated parkinson's *** potential lessons to improve future therapeutic approaches is the aim of this *** long-term,controlled trials on three anti-β-amyloid monoclonal antibodies(solanezumab,gantenerumab and crenezumab)in subjects carrying Alzheimer's disease-linked mutated genes encoding for amyloid precursor protein or presenilin 1 or presenilin 2 failed to show cognitive or functional benefits.A major trial on tominersen,an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce the production of the huntingtin protein in subjects with Huntington's disease,was prematurely interrupted because the drug failed to show higher efficacy than placebo and,at highest doses,led to worsened outcomes.A 28-week trial of tofersen,an antisense oligonucleotide for superoxide dismutase 1 in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase 1 gene mutations failed to show significant beneficial effects but the 1-year open label extension of this study indicated better clinical and functional outcomes in the group with early tofersen therapy.A trial of venglustat,a potent and brain-penetrant glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor,in parkinson's disease subjects with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase gene mutations revealed worsened clinical and cognitive performance of patients on the enzyme inhibitor compared to *** concluded that clinical trials in neurodegenerative diseases with a genetic basis should test monoclonal antibodies,antisense oligonucleotides or gene editing directed against the mutated enzyme or the mutated substrate without dr

关键词： Alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amyloid precursor protein glucocerebrosidase huntingtin Huntington's disease parkinson's disease presenilin 1 presenilin 2 superoxide dismutase 1

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