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Pyramiding disease resistance genes in elite winter wheat germplasm for Western Canada

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 739-749页

作者： AndréLaroche Michele Frick robert J.Graf Jamie Larsen john d.Laurie Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Research and Development Centre2585 County Road 20HarrowOntario N0R 1G0Canada

We report on pyramiding different disease resistance genes against fungal pathogens in Canadian winter wheat germplasm based on available dnA markers and gene *** resistance represents a safe, economical and ecological method for protecting plants, growers and the health of consumers. Major diseases of wheat on the Canadian Prairies are common bunt, rusts(leaf, stem and stripe) and Fusarium head blight. Over the years markers for resistance genes against these diseases have been identified and used by the international wheat community. We describe markers that we have used to pyramid different resistance genes and indicate their presence in Canadian winter wheat cultivars issued from the winter wheat breeding program at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Lethbridge Research and development Centre, the only winter wheat breeding program in Western Canada actively delivering new varieties for all regions of the Canadian *** sources of resistance and identities of PCR primers and amplification conditions are indicated to enable the transfer and pyramiding of different resistance(R) genes to breeding lines. We conclude by reviewing new tools for identifying R genes in wheat and indicate how mutagenesis and gene editing can help future efforts to extend the protection offered by known R genes.

关键词： Bunt Gene pyramiding Wheat rusts Marker-assisted selection Triticum aestivum

diurnal variation in fecal concentrations of acid-detergent insoluble ash and alkaline-peroxide lignin from cattle fed bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient content

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 410-415页

作者： Juvenal Kanani dirk Philipp Kenneth P Coffey Elizabeth B Kegley Charles P West Shane Gadberry john Jennings Ashley n Young robert T Rhein division of Agriculture University of Arkansas department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

Background： The effect of time of fecal sampling on the accuracy of acid-detergent insoluble ash （AdIA） and alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL） for the prediction of fecal output （FO） in cattle was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 _＋ 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon （L.） Pers.] hay diets markedly different in crude protein concentration （79-164 g/kg） with 2 replicates per diet for 3 periods. Cows were offered hay individually at 20 g dM/kg of body weight daily in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation period followed by 5-d of total fecal collection. Fecal grab samples also were taken each day during the fecal collection period at 06：00, 12：00, 18：00, and 24：00 h either directly from the rectum or from freshly voided feces. Samples were composited within cow and time across the 5 d total fecal collection period. Additionally, forage, ort, and fecal samples were analyzed for concentrations of APL and AdIA. Results： Fecal concentrations of AdIA and APL were not affected by sampling time （P 〉 0.22）, even though diet affected （P 〈 0.01） fecal AdIA and APL concentrations. There were no diet x sampling time interactions （P ≥ 0.60）. Estimates of FO and dry matter digestibility （dMd） from AdIA and APL were not affected （P 〉 0.16） by sampling time or the diet x sampling time interaction （P 〉 0.74）. Estimates of FO and dMd from markers from different sampling times or all different combinations of sampling time were not different （P 〉 0.72） from those of total collection among internal markers. Conclusion： Little variation in concentrations of AdIA and APL in daily fecal excretion across time increases flexibility in fecal grab sampling schedules for predicting FO and dMd.

关键词： digestibility Fecal sampling time Internal markers Bermudagrass Cattle

4-d Framework of Continental Crust

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Comparison of acid-detergent lignin,alkaline-peroxide lignin,and acid-detergent insoluble ash as internal markers for predicting fecal output and digestibility by cattle offered bermudagrass hays of varying nutrient composition

丛书名： GSA Memoirs

2007年

作者： robert d. Hatcher, Jr. Marvin P. Carlson john H. McBride José R. Martínez Catalán

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 310-317页

Background： The potential for acid-detergent insoluble ash （AdIA）, alkaline-peroxide lignin （APL）, and acid-detergent lignin （AdL） to predict fecal output （FO） and dry matter digestibility （dMd） by cattle offered bermudagrass [Cynodon doctylon （L） Pers.] hays of different qualities was evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated cows （594 ± 35.5 kg） were allocated randomly to 4 hay diets： low （L）, medium low （ML）, medium high （MH）, and high （H） crude protein （CP） concentration （79, 111,131, and 164 g CP/kg on a dM basis, respectively）. diets were offered in 3 periods with 2 diet replicates per period and were rotated across cows between periods. Cows were individually fed 20 g dM/kg of body weight in equal feedings at 08：00 and 16：00 h for a 10-d adaptation followed by a 5-d total fecal collection. Actual dM intake （dMI）, dMd, and FO were determined based on hay offered, ort, and feces excreted. These components were then analyzed for AdL, APL, and AdIA concentration to determine marker recovery and marker-based estimates of FO and dMd. Results： Forage dMI was affected by diet （P = 0.02）, and dMI from MH and H was greater （P 〈 0.05） than from L. Apparent dMd tended （P = 0.08） to differ among diets while FO （P = 0.20） was not affected by diet treatments. Average AdL recovery （1.16） was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of AdIA （1.03） and APL （1.06）, but AdIA and APL did not differ （P = 0.42）. Estimates of FO and dMd derived using APL and AdIA were not different （P≥0.05） from total fecal collection while those using AdL differed （P 〈 0.05）. There was no diet by marker interaction （P≥ 0.22） for either FO or dMd. Conclusion： Acid-detergent insoluble ash and APL accurately predicted FO and dMd of cattle fed bermudagrass hay of varying nutrient composition. These internal markers may facilitate studies involving large numbers of animals and forages. Results from such studies may be used to develop improved equations to predict energy values of forages based on the relationship of di

关键词： Acid-detergent insoluble ash Alkaline-peroxide lignin Bermudagrass Cattle digestibility Marker

Post-weaning and whole-of-life performance of pigs is determined by live weight at weaning and the complexity of the diet fed after weaning

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Animal nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 372-379页

作者： Cherie L.Collins john R.Pluske Rebecca S.Morrison Trevor n.Mcdonald robert J.Smits david J.Henman Ingunn Stensland Frank R.dunshea Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne

The production performance and financial outcomes associated with weaner diet complexity for pigs of different weight classes at weaning were examined in this experiment. A total of 720 weaner pigs(360 entire males and 360 females) were selected at weaning(27 ± 3 d) and allocated to pens of 10 based on individual weaning weight(light weaning weight: pigs below 6.5 kg; medium weaning weight: 6.5 to8 kg; heavy weaning weight: above 8.5 kg). Pens were then allocated in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the respective factors being weaning weight(heavy, medium and light; H, M and L,respectively), weaner diet complexity(high complexity/cost, HC; low complexity/cost, LC), and gender(male and female). Common diets were fed to both treatment groups during the final 4 weeks of the weaner period(a period of 39 days). In the first 6 d after weaning, pigs offered the HC diets gained weight faster and used feed more efficiently than those offered the LC diets(P = 0.031). Pigs fed a HC diet after weaning tended to be heavier at the sale live weight of 123 d of age compared with pigs fed the LC diet(P = 0.056). There were no other main effects of the feeding program on growth performance through to slaughter. Weaning weight had a profound influence on lifetime growth performance and weight at 123 d of age, with H pigs at weaning increasing their weight advantage over the M and L pigs(101.3,97.1, 89.6 kg respectively, P nefit analyses suggested there was a minimal benefit in terms of cost per unit live weight gain over lifetime when pigs were offered a HC feeding program to L,with a lower feed cost/kg gain. The results from this investigation confirm the impact of weaning weight on lifetime growth performance, and suggest that a HC feeding program should be focused on L weaner pigs(i.e., weaning weight less than 6.5 kg at 27 d of age) in order to maximise financial returns.

关键词： Pigs Performance diet complexity Weaning weight Carcass characteristics Cost benefit analyses

Laparoscopic Burch urethropexy at time of mesh sling removal: A cohort study evaluating functional outcomes and quality of life

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第3期5卷 210-217页

作者： Sarah A Huber Orawee Chinthakanan Soyini Hawkins john R Miklos robert d Moore International Urogynecology Associates department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bumrungrad International Hospital

AIM： To theorize that performing a laparoscopic Burch urethropexy at time of sling removal would signifcantly decrease subjective symptoms of stress urinary incon-tinence （SUI） and improve patient ***： Women who underwent a combined sling removal and laparoscopic Burch procedure between 2009 and 2014 were matched via age and sling-type in a 1：2 ratio to women who only underwent a sling removal. Those who underwent surgery within 6 mo of data collection were excluded from the study, as were women who underwent multi-stage surgery. Preoperative assessment for both groups included a focused clinical exam with or without functional testing and questionnaires including urogenital distress inventory-6 （UdI-6） and incontinence impact ques-tionnaire-7 （IIQ-7） per the standard clinical practice. All non-exempt women were sent a questionnaire that included UdI-6 and IIQ-7 in addition to standard follow-up questions. Research staff contacted participants via email, mail, and telephone using the same questionnaire template and script. data was analyzed by using c2 test for categorical data, and Student’s t test and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test for continuous data. The measure of effect was determined by logistic regression ***： A total of 48 women out of 146 selected patients were successfully recruited with n = 22 in the Burch cohort and n = 26 in the control cohort. The mean age was 54.7 ± 7.8 years and mean body mass index was 22.0 ± 13.9 kg/m2. The majority of patients were Caucasian （73.3%）, postmenopausal （91.1%）, non-smokers （57.9%）, with a history of hysterectomy （81.4%）. Six nineteen point six percent of women presented after at least 2 years from placement, which was signifcantly more common in the Burch cohort. Pain was the most common chief complaint （64.4%） in both groups at the time of initial presentation, and 78.9% of women reported concomitant urinary incontinence. There was no signifcant difference in pre-operative UdI-6 and IIQ-7 s

关键词： Mesh erosion Burch urethropexy Burch colposuspension Anti-incontinence

Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1053-1070页

作者： Amber n.Hafeez Sanu Arora Sreya Ghosh david Gilbert robert L.Bowden Brande B.H.Wulff john Innes Centre Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK USdA-ARS Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research UnitManhattanKS 66506USA

disease-resistance(R)gene cloning in wheat(Triticum aestivum)has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources,facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and ***,with the challenges of population growth and climate change,it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes,but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten *** populations are continually changing,and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily *** meet this challenge,we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and *** atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens,such as wheat rusts,blotch diseases,powdery mildew,and wheat *** present a costed proposal detailing how the inter-acting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping,mutational genomics,and whole-genome association *** explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat,as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens,and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic,durable approach to R-gene *** against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide,recently estimated at 21%,this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.

关键词： wheat Triticum aestivum disease resistance R genes association genetics gene stewardship durable resistance

Reimagining large river management using the Resist-Accept-direct(RAd)framework in the Upper Mississippi River

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 645-664页

作者： nicole K.Ward Abigail J.Lynch Erik A.Beever Joshua Booker Kristen L.Bouska Holly Embke Jeffrey n.Houser john F.Kocik Joshua Kocik david J.Lawrence Mary Grace Lemon doug Limpinsel Madeline R.Magee Bryan M.Maitland Owen McKenna Andrew Meier john M.Morton Jeffrey d.Muehlbauer robert newman devon C.Oliver Heidi M.Rantala Greg G.Sass Aaron Shultz Laura M.Thompson Jennifer L.Wilkening Minnesota department of natural Resources Lake CityMN 55041USA U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science CenterRestonVA 22041USA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozemanMT 59715USA department of Ecology Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59715USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemOak HarborOH 43449USA U.S.Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences CenterLa CrosseWI 54603USA U.S.Geological Survey Midwest Climate Adaptation Science CenterSt.PaulMN 55108USA nOAA nEFSC OronoME 04473USA University of nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE 68503USA national Park Service Climate Change Response ProgramFort CollinsCO 80525USA U.S.Fish and Wild-life Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemBloomingtonMN 55437USA Habitat Conservation division NOAAAlaska RegionAnchorageAK 99513USA Wisconsin department of natural Resources MadisonWI 53703USA Aquatic Sciences Center Center for LimnologyUW-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA U.S.Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center and Midwest Climate Adaptation Science CenterJamestownND 58401USA U.S.Army Corps of Engineers La CrescentMN 55947USA Alaska Wildlife Alliance AnchorageAK 99520USA U.S.Geological Survey Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAK 99775USA University of north dakota Grand ForksND 58202USA Minnesota department of natural Resources DuluthMN 55804USA Wisconsin department of natural Resources Boulder JunctionWI 54512USA Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission(GLIFWC) OdanahWI 54861USA U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Centerand School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge SystemFort CollinsCO 80526USA

Background Large-river decision-makers are charged with maintaining diverse ecosystem services through unprec-edented social-ecological transformations as climate change and other global stressors *** interconnected,dendritic habitats of rivers,which often demarcate jurisdictional boundaries,generate complex management ***,we explore how the Resist–Accept–direct(RAd)framework may enhance large-river management by promoting coordinated and deliberate responses to social-ecological trajectories of *** RAd frame-work identifies the full decision space of potential management approaches,wherein managers may resist change to maintain historical conditions,accept change toward different conditions,or direct change to a specified future with novel *** the Upper Mississippi River System,managers are facing social-ecological transformations from more frequent and extreme high-water *** illustrate how RAd-informed basin-,reach-,and site-scale decisions could:(1)provide cross-spatial scale framing;(2)open the entire decision space of potential management approaches;and(3)enhance coordinated inter-jurisdictional management in response to the trajectory of the Upper Mississippi River *** The RAd framework helps identify plausible long-term trajectories in different reaches(or subbasins)of the river and how the associated social-ecological transformations could be managed by altering site-scale *** reach-scale objectives may reprioritize how,where,and when site conditions could be altered to contribute to the basin goal,given the basin’s plausible trajectories of change(e.g.,by coordinating action across sites to alter habitat connectivity,diversity,and redundancy in the river mosaic).Conclusions When faced with long-term systemic transformations(e.g.,>50 years),the RAd framework helps explicitly consider whether or when the basin vision or goals may no longer be achievable,and direct options may open y

关键词： Ecosystem Management Transformation Social-ecological system Anthropocene Climate change Basin planning Cross-scale interactions

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心力衰竭药物治疗随机临床研究获取数据时的困难：需要改进

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第2期19卷 75-80页

作者： robert Fleetcroft john Ford nIHR nicholas d Gollop Pieter MacKeith Kosala Perera Ashia A Shaft Jhenaan Sorefan Rachel Wakelin norwich Medical School Norfolk NR4 7TJ UK norfolk and norwich University Hospital Norfolk UK JS Medical Practice London N15 4JR UK north Central and East London deanery London UK national Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London UK 中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院

robert Fleetcroft和同事们曾尝试进行心力衰竭（心衰）治疗相关研究的系统性综述，因为，晦床研究数据不公开和缺失，不能得出有效结论，必要的相关研究目前已经完成，他们在下文中讨论了他们获取临床研究数据的经验、问题及可能的解... 详细信息

robert Fleetcroft和同事们曾尝试进行心力衰竭（心衰）治疗相关研究的系统性综述，因为，晦床研究数据不公开和缺失，不能得出有效结论，必要的相关研究目前已经完成，他们在下文中讨论了他们获取临床研究数据的经验、问题及可能的解决方法。

关键词：心力衰竭药物药物治疗数据治疗方法