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Adult myelination: wrapping up neuronal plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第13期9卷 1261-1264页

作者： megan O’Rourke robert Gasperini Kaylene m.Young menzies Research Institute Tasmania University of Tasmania The School of medicine University of Tasmania

In this review, we outline the major neural plasticity mechanisms that have been identified in the adult central nervous system （CNS）, and offer a perspective on how they regulate CNS function. In particular we examine how myelin plasticity can operate alongside neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity to influence information processing and transfer in the mature CNS.

关键词： oligodendrocyte OPC adult central nerrous system NG2 oligodendrogenesis plasticity remodelling myelination neural stem cells synapse

Expression levels of aminopeptidase-N genes in the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 505-512页

作者： robert m. Simpson Joanne Poulton Ngaire P. markwick Horticulture and Food Research Institute Palmerston North Horticulture and Food Research Institute Auckland New Zealand

Five aminopeptidase-N genes （EpAPN1-5） of the tortricid moth Epiphyas postvittana have been isolated from a midgut expressed sequence tag （EST） library. Relative RNA expression of these genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using actin as a reference gene. measurements were made on various tissues of fifth instar larvae, over all stages of the life cycle and under differing dietary conditions： different protein sources and levels, and in presence of trypsin and metalloprotease inhibitors. Gene expression for all five genes was the greatest in midgut tissue, but was also detected in the hindgut, fat body and malpighian tubules. EpAPN4 was consistently the highest expressed, with EpAPN3 at about half that level; EpAPN5 was the least expressed. During larval stages expression was high, generally increasing over the instars, after an early peak as neonates or first instars. Expression in other life stages was much lower. males and females showed differing expression in the pupal and adult stages： female expression was higher in the pupa, this reversed in the adult. Gene expression levels and ratios both changed with diet. A natural apple leaf diet depressed levels. Diets with the most impaired amino acid balance induced the greatest change; generally EpAPN1 increased by the greatest proportion. The addition of proteinase inhibitor also increased gene expression, and it was noteworthy that the trypsin inhibitor addition, which has been shown to double aminopeptidase activity, also doubled levels of gene expression.

关键词： aminopeptidase Epiphyas postvittana Q-PCR

Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第11期12卷 1767-1774页

作者： Noela Prasad Gail m Ormsby robert P Finger Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourneVIC 3011Australia VACCHO CollingwoodVIC 3066Australia Professional Studies Faculty of BusinessEducationLaw and ArtsUniversity of Southern QueenslandWest StreetToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Lifestyle Research Centre Avondale College of Higher EducationCooranbongNSW 2265Australia Department of Ophthalmology University of BonnRegina-Pacis-Weg 3Bonn 53113Germany

AIm: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice(EH-KAP) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care ***: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAP dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool. Face validity was assessed by the KAP survey team. Internal validity(congruency/criterion) was assessed by comparing descriptive analysis of two datasets(n=531;n=38) collected from the same sampling frame at different time points. Weighted scores were calculated for each construct. Kappa values for test-retest and inter-observer agreement were calculated to check the reliability of responses. The modified version was assessed by analysing the raw and ungrouped data. Responses were weighted and agreement was tested by comparing construct ***: Totally 38 respondents were included in this validation process(mean age 58.5 y). mean scores for knowledge were 9.15(old questionnaire n=531) and 5.05(modified version). For attitude, the scores were 2.23 and 2.42, and for practice the scores were 3.33 and 2.21. Testretest agreement was between 62% to 93%(Kappa 0.24 to 0.86) for the ungrouped raw data, and 55% to 72%(Kappa 0.42 to 0.65) for KAP domain. Inter-observer Kappa value for ungrouped data was 0.37 and 0.45 for the weighted ***: This standardized tool applied at critical time points can assess trends in KAP within the same population and for comparison across groups. If used alongside a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness(RAAB), this tool provides a comprehensive perspective on eye-health of a population.

关键词： validation knowledge attitude practice eye health knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire

Tightening up the structure, lighting up the pathway:application of molecular constraints and light to manipulate protein folding, self-assembly and function

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第12期57卷 1615-1624页

作者： mARKIEWICZ Beatrice N. CULIK robert m. GAI Feng Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania

Chemical cross-linking provides an effective avenue to reduce the conformational entropy of polypeptide chains and hence has become a popular method to induce or force structural formation in peptides and ***,other types of molecular constraints,especially photoresponsive linkers and functional groups,have also found increased use in a wide variety of ***,we provide a concise review of using various forms of molecular strategies to constrain proteins,thereby stabilizing their native states,gaining insight into their folding mechanisms,and/or providing a handle to trigger a conformational process of interest with *** applications discussed here cover a wide range of topics,ranging from delineating the details of the protein folding energy landscape to controlling protein assembly and function.

关键词： protein folding aggregation self-assembly cross-linker phototrigger light-activation

The importance of depression and alcohol use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients：risk factors for delirium and poorer quality of life

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第1期13卷 51-57页

作者： Joanne m Humphreys Linley A Denson robert A Baker Phillip J Tully School of Psychology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Australia Cardiac Surgery Research Department of Surgery School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Australia University of Bordeaux Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France INSERm Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France Freemasons Foundation Centre for men's Health Discipline of Medicine School of Medicine University of Adelaide Australia

ObjectiveToinvestigate whether depression, anxiety and stress increase the risk for delirium and poor quality of life （QOL） after co-ronary artery bypass （CABG） *** total of 180 CABG patients （mean age of 63.5 ± 10.1 years, 82.2% males） completed baseline and postoperative self-report questionnaires to assess distress and QOL. Incident delirium was diagnosed postoperatively with a structured clinical interview and patients were monitored every day post-operatively for confusion and disturbance in *** Delirium developed in 63 persons （35% of sample）. After adjustment for covariates, delirium was significantly associated with depression [odds ratio （OR）： 1.08; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.03-1.13,P = 0.003], anxiety （OR： 1.07; 95% CI： 1.02-1.13,P= 0.01） and stress （OR： 1.05; 95% CI： 1.00-1.09,P= 0.03）. Preoperative depression scores were associated with poorer QOL including bodily pain （β =-0.39,P = 0.013）, vitality （β=-0.32,P = 0.020）, social functioning （β=-0.51,P≤0.001）, emotional role function （β=-0.44,P = 0.003） and general health （β=-0.33,P = 0.038）. Among the covariates, harmful levels of alcohol use was consistently associated with poorer *** Depression and harmful levels of alcohol use were consistently associated with poorer QOL whereas depression, anxiety and stress were associated with delirium risk. These findings point to further research examining depression and harmful levels of alcohol use in coronary heart disease populations undergoing coronary revascularization.

关键词： Coronary artery bypass grafts Coronary heart disease Delirium Depression Quality of life

Influence of irritable bowel syndrome on treatment outcome in gastroesophageal reflux disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第27期17卷 3235-3241页

作者： Hubert mnnikes robert C Heading Holger Schmitt Hubert Doerfler Department of medicine Martin-Luther HospitalAcademic Teaching Hospital of CharitéUniversitts-medizin14193 BerlinGermany Edinburgh EH10 7ARScotlandUnited Kingdom Nycomed GmbH 78467 ConstanceGermany Nycomed International management GmbH 8152 ZurichSwitzerland

AIm: To investigate the influence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms on treatment outcomes with pantoprazole in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a real life setting. mETHODS: For this prospective, open-label, multinational, multicentre study, 1888 patients assessed by the investigators as suffering from GERD were recruited. The patients were additionally classified as with or without IBS-like symptoms at baseline. They were treated with pantoprazole 40 mg once daily and completed the Reflux Questionnaire (ReQuest) short version daily. Response rates and symptom scores were compared after 4 and 8 wk of treatment for subgroups defined by the subclasses of GERD [erosive(ERD) and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD)] and the presence of IBS-like symptoms. RESULTS: IBS-like symptoms were more prevalent in NERD than in ERD (18.3% vs 12.7%, P = 0.0015). Response rates after 4 and/or 8 wk of treatment were lower in patients with IBS-like symptoms than in patients without IBS-like symptoms in both ERD (Week 4: P minal com- plaints" symptom scores were highest in NERD patients with IBS-like symptoms. Additionally, these patients had the strongest symptom improvement after treatment compared with all other subgroups. CONCLUSION: IBS-like symptoms influence treatment outcome and symptom burden in GERD and should be considered in management. Proton pump inhibitors can improve IBS-like symptoms, particularly in NERD.

关键词： Pantoprazole ReQuestTm Clinical practice Irritable bowel syndrome Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Can modern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： robert E.Criss Anne m.Hofmeister Dept.Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific methods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

Randomized control trial of a culturally adapted behavioral activation therapy for muslim patients with depression in Pakistan

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世界精神病学杂志 2023年第8期13卷 551-562页

作者： Saima Dawood Ghazala mir robert m West Centre for Clinical Psychology University of the PunjabLahore Punjab 54590Pakistan Leeds Institute of Health Sciences School of MedicineThe University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTWest YorkshireEnglandUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource *** that is culturally adapted for muslims(BA-m)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled *** To compare the effectiveness of BA-m with CBT for muslim patients with depression in *** One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,*** followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each *** measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief *** measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow *** primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of *** addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression *** Patients in the BA-m arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-m,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences

关键词： Culturally adapted therapy Behavioral activation Depression Pakistan muslim Randomized control trial

Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第38期25卷 5732-5772页

作者： Kyle J Anderson robert T Cormier Patricia m Scott Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Minnesota Medical School

In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer *** functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract influence a variety of cellular processes,many of which overlap with these hallmarks of *** this review we focus on the roles of the calcium(Ca^2+),sodium(Na^+),potassium(K^+),chloride(Cl^-)and zinc(Zn^2+)transporters in GI cancer,with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+channel and CFTR Cl-channel in colorectal cancer(CRC).Ca^2+is a ubiquitous second messenger,serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle,apoptosis,and *** members of the TRP superfamily,including TRPm8,TRPm7,TRPm6 and TRPm2,have been implicated in GI cancers,especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon ***-gated sodium channels(VGSCs)are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle *** VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC *** have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer ***2+transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers,in particular,ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer(PC).more than 70 K+channel genes,clustered in four families,are found expressed in the GI tract,where they regulate a range of cellular processes,including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal *** distinct types of K+channels are found dysregulated in the GI *** are hERG1 upregulation in PC,gastric cancer(GC)and CRC,leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion,and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CR

关键词： Ion channels Gastrointestinal cancer Colorectal cancer Gastric cancer Pancreatic cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognostic biomarker Novel therapies Clinical targets