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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1651-1659页

作者： Saadane Chikhi m.nouèr Boughedaoui Rabah Kerbachi robert Joum.rd Departm.nt of Industrial Chem.stry Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of Blida 1Route de SoumaaBlida 09000Algeria Environm.ntal Science and Technology Laboratory National Polytechnic School of AlgiersAlgiers 16200Algeria Transport and Environm.nt Laboratory IfsttarBronFrance

On-board m.asurem.nts of unit em.ssions of CO,HC,NOx and CO2 were conducted on 17 private cars powered by different types of fuels including gasoline,dual gasoline–liquefied petroleum.gas（LPG）,gasoline,and diesel. The tests perform.d revealed the effect of LPG injection technology on unit em.ssions and m.de it possible to com.are the m.asured em.ssions to the European Artem.s em.ssion m.del. A sequential m.ltipoint injection LPG kit with no catalyst installed was found to be the m.st efficient pollutant reduction device for all of the pollutants,with the exception of the NOx. Specific test results for a sub-group of LPG vehicles revealed that LPG-fueled engines with no catalyst cannot com.ete with catalyzed gasoline and diesel engines. Vehicle age does not appear to be a determ.ning param.ter with regard to vehicle pollutant em.ssions. A fuel switch to LPG offers m.ny advantages as far as pollutant em.ssions are concerned,due to LPG＇s intrinsic ***,these advantages are being rapidly offset by the strong developm.nt of both gasoline and diesel engine technologies and catalyst converters. The LPG＇s perform.nce on a chassis dynam.m.ter under real driving conditions was better than expected. The enforcem.nt of pollutant em.ssion standards in developing countries is an im.ortant step towards introducing clean technology and reducing vehicle em.ssions.

关键词： Unit em.ssion Pollutant Vehicle On-board m.asurem.nt LPG Gasoline Diesel

m.ss Spectrom.tric Analyses Reveal a Central Role for Ubiquitylation in Rem.deling the Arabidopsis Proteom. during Photom.rphogenesis

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m.lecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 846-865页

作者： Victor Aguilar-Hernandez Do-Young Kim.robert J. Stankey m.rk Scalf Lloyd m. Sm.th Richard D. Vierstra Departm.nt of Biology Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1137 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA Departm.nt of Genetics 425-G Henry Mall Departm.nt of Chem.stry 1101 University Avenue University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA Advanced Bio Convergence Center Pohang Technopark Gyeong-Buk South Korea 37668

The switch from.skotom.rphogenesis to photom.rphogenesis is a key developm.ntal transition in the life of seed plants. While m.ch of the underpinning proteom. rem.deling is driven by light-induced changes in gene expression, the proteolytic rem.val of specific proteins by the ubiquitin-26S proteasom. system.is also likely param.unt. Through m.ss spectrom.tric analysis of ubiquitylated proteins affinity-purified from.etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings before and after red-light irradiation, we identified a num.er of influential proteins whose ubiquitylation status is m.dified during this switch. We observed a substantial enrichm.nt for proteins involved in auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid signaling, peroxisom. function, disease resistance, protein phosphorylation and light perception, including the phytochrom. （Phy） A and phototropin photoreceptors. Soon after red-light treatm.nt, PhyA becom.s the dom.nant ubiquitylated species, with ubiquitin attachm.nt sites m.pped to six lysines. A PhyA m.tant protected from.ubiquitin addition at these sites is substantially m.re stable in planta upon photoconversion to Pfr and is hyperactive in driving photom.rphogenesis. However, light still stim.lates ubiquitylation and degradation of this m.tant, im.lying that other attachm.nt sites and/or proteolytic pathways exist. Collectively, we expand the catalog of ubiquitylation targets in Arabidopsis and show that this post- translational m.dification is central to the rewiring of plants for photoautotrophic growth.

关键词： Arabidopsis ubiquitin m.ss spectrom.try photom.rphogenesis phytochrom. degradation

Targeting orthotopic gliom.s with renal-clearable lum.nescent gold nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1366-1376页

作者： Chuanqi Peng Xiaofei Gao Jing Xu Bujie Du Xuhui Ning Shaoheng Tang robert m. Bachoo m.ngxiao Yu Woo-Ping Ge Jie Zheng Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA Children's Research Institute Department of Pediatrics Department of Neuroscience Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center UT Southwestem Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA Sim.ons Cancer Center Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA

A m.jor clinical translational challenge in nanom.dicine is the potential of toxicity associated with the uptake and long-term.retention of non-degradable nanoparticles （NPs） in m.jor organs. The developm.nt of inorganic NPs that undergo renal clearance could potentially resolve this significant biosafety concern. However, it rem.ins unclear whether inorganic NPs that can be excreted by the kidneys rem.in capable of targeting tum.rs with poor perm.ability. Glioblastom. m.ltiform., the m.st m.lignant orthotopic brain tum.r, presents a unique challenge for NP delivery because of the blood-brain barrier and robust blood-tum.r barrier of reactive m.croglia and m.croglia in the tum.r m.croenvironm.nt. Herein, we used an orthotopic m.rine gliom. m.del to investigate the passive targeting of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles （AuNPs） of 3 nm.in diam.ter that undergo renal clearance and 18-nm.AuNPs that fail to undergo renal clearance. Rem.rkably, we report that 3-nm.AuNPs were able to target intracranial tum.r tissues with higher efficiency （2.3× relative to surrounding non-tum.r norm.l brain tissues） and greater specificity （3.0×） than did the larger AuNPs. Pharm.cokinetics studies suggested that the higher gliom. targeting ability of the 3-nm.AuNPs m.y be attributed to the longer retention tim. in circulation. The total accum.lation of the 3-nm.AuNPs in m.jor organs was significantly less （8.4×） than that of the 18-nm.AuNPs. m.croscopic im.ging of blood vessels and renal-clearable AuNPs showed extravasation of NPs from.the leaky blood-tum.r barrier into the tum.r interstitium. Taken together, our results suggest that the 3-nm.AuNPs, characterized by enhanced perm.ability and retention, are able to target brain tum.rs and undergo renal clearance.

关键词： enhanced perm.ability and retention brain tum.r passive targeting gold nanoparticles renal clearance

A fram.work to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a m.ltilayer network

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 101-111页

作者： Annem.rie VAN DER m.REL Sanjay PRASHER Chelsea CARm.NITO Claire L.O'CONNELL Alexa phillips.Bryan m.KLUEVER Elizabeth A.HOBSON Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA United States Departm.nt of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFL32641USA

A m.ltilayer network approach com.ines different network layers,which are connected by interlayer edges,to create a single m.them.tical *** networks can contain a variety of inform.tion types and represent different aspects of a ***,the process for selecting which inform.tion to include is not always *** data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population of m.nk parakeets(m.iopsitta m.nachus),we developed a fram.work for investigating how pooling or splitting behaviors at the scale of dyadic relationships(between 2 individuals)affects individual-and group-level social *** designed 2 reference m.dels to test whether random.zing the num.er of interactions across behavior types results in sim.lar structural patterns as the observed *** the behaviors were correlated,the first reference m.del suggests that the 2 behaviors convey different inform.tion about som. social properties and should therefore not be ***,once we controlled for data sparsity,we found that the observed m.asures corresponded with those from.the second reference ***,our initial result m.y have been due to the unequal frequencies of each ***,our findings support pooling the 2 *** of how selected m.asurem.nts can be affected by data properties is warranted,but nonetheless our fram.work disentangles these efforts and as a result can be used for m.riad types of behaviors and *** fram.work will help researchers m.ke inform.d and data-driven decisions about which behaviors to pool or separate,prior to using the data in subsequent m.ltilayer network analyses.

关键词： behavioral interactions m.nk parakeet m.iopsitta m.nachus network analysis social context social relationships

Signal transduction pathways in liver and the influence of hepatitis C virus infection on their activities

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第18期15卷 2184-2189页

作者： m.gdalena m.Dabrowska Anatol Panasiuk robert Flisiak Departm.nt of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Medical University of Bialystok14 Zurawia Str15-540 BialystokPoland

In liver,the m.st intensively studied transm.m.rane and intracellular signal transduction pathways are the Janus kinase signal transduction pathway,the m.togen-activated protein kinases signal transduction pathway,the transform.ng growth factor β signal transduction pathway,the tum.r necrosis factor α signal transduction pathway and the recently discovered sphingolipid signal transduction *** of them.are activated by m.ny different cytokines and growth *** regulate specific cell m.chanism. such as hepatocytes proliferation,growth,differentiation,adhesion,apoptosis,and synthesis and degradation of the extracellular *** replication cycle of hepatitis C virus(HCV) is intracellular and requires signal transduction to the nucleus to regulate transcription of its ***,HCV itself,by its structural and non-structural proteins,could influence the activity of the second signal ***,the inhibition of the transm.m.rane and intracellular signal transduction pathways could be a new therapeutic target in chronic hepatitis C treatm.nt.

关键词： Liver Hepatitis C virus infection Signaltransduction pathway Proliferation Apoptosis

HOS3, an ELO-Like Gene, Inhibits Effects of ABA and Im.licates a S-1-P/Ceram.de Control System.for Abiotic Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 138-151页

作者： Tanya m. Quist Irina Sokolchik Huazhong Shi robert J. Joly Ray A. Bressan Albino m.ggio m.ena Narsim.an Xia Li Center for Plant Environm.ntal Stress Physiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2010 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry Texas Tech University l-ubbock TX 79409-1061 USA Departm.nt of Agricultural Engineering and Agronom. University of Naples Federico II Via Universita 100 Portici (NA) Italy 80055 The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chrom.som. Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang Hebei 050021 China

A hyper-osm.tically sensitive m.tant of Arabidopsis thaliana, designated hos3-1 （high expression of osm.tically responsive genes）, was identified based on its hyper-lum.nescence of RD29A：LUC prom.ter fusion plants upon treatm.nt with NaCI and ABA. These responses im.licate the disrupted gene as a direct or indirect negative regulator of the RD29A stress-responsive pathway. By sequencing the flanking regions of the T-DNA borders, it was determ.ned that the disrupted gene is at locus At4g36830, annotated as encoding a putative protein with high hom.logy to CIG30 （ELO2/FEN1）. CIG30 has been im.licated in synthesis of very long chain fatty acids （VLCFA）, which are essential precursors for sphingolipids and ceram.des. Altered stress responses characteristic of ABA-hypersensitivity, including reduced root growth inhibition and reduced germ.nation with ABA treatm.nt and reduced water loss from.leaves, were exhibited by allelic hos3-1 and hos3-2 m.tants. The hos3-2 m.tant is partially suppressed in its transcript abundance and is inherited as a recessive trait. Further, the HOS30RF under the control of the 35SCam. prom.ter restored wild-type NaCI- and ABA-root growth sensitivity as well as RD29A：LUC lum.nescence in m.tant plants. We also show here that the HOS3 wild-type gene functionally com.lem.nts the sensitivity of elo2 and elo3 yeast m.tants to m.nensin. Furtherm.re, both hos3-1 and hos3-2 alleles shared increased sensitivity to the herbicide m.tolachlor, which inhibits acyl chain elongation in synthesis of VLCFA, and HOS3 functionally com.lem.nted both elo2 and elo3 and restored levels of VLCFA. Together, these data establish that HOS3 inhibits ABA-m.diated stress responses and im.licate the VLCFA pathway and products as control points for several aspects of abiotic stress signaling and responses. The results also provide support for a role of ceram.de in the control of stom.tal behavior.

关键词： Abiotic stress Arabidopsis ABA signal pathway stom.ta very long chain fatty acid pathway.

Storylines of fam.ly m.dicine Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients

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Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health 2024年第S3期12卷 52-60页

作者： William.B Ventres Leslie A Stone Lisa A LaVallee David Loxterkam. Jonisha R Brown Dael m.Waxm.n Peter S Dorward Jeanne Cawse-Lucas Larry B m.uksch Autum. m.Kieber-Em.ons Benjam.n F Crabtree William.L m.ller Veronica m.Brohm.Tim.thy P Daalem.n Kelly Bossenbroek Fedoriw Fam.ly and Preventive m.dicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA m.HEC Fam.ly m.dicine Residency Mountain Area Health Education CenterAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA Bucksport Regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Southfield m.dical Practice EdinburghUK Fam.ly m.dicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Fam.ly m.dicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA m.rsani College of m.dicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA Fam.ly m.dicine and Com.unity Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Fam.ly m.dicine UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Storylines of Fam.ly m.dicine is a 12-part series of them.tically linked m.ni-essays with accom.anying illustrations that explore the m.ny dim.nsions of fam.ly m.dicine,as interpreted by individual fam.ly physicians and m.dical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients’,authors address the following them.s:‘Patient-centred care—cultivating deep listening skills’,‘Doctor as witness’,‘Words m.tter’,‘Understanding others—m.taphor and its use in m.dicine’,‘Com.unicating with patients—m.king good use of tim.’,‘The patient-centred m.dical hom.—aspirations for the future’,‘Routine,cerem.ny or dram.?’and‘The life course’.m.y readers better appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.

关键词： centre illustration dim.nsions

Tripolye m.ga-Sites:“Collective Com.utational Abilities”of Prehistoric Proto-Urban Societies?

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Journal of Social Com.uting 2022年第1期3卷 75-90页

作者： Johannes m.ller robert Hofm.nn m.la Shatilo the Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology Kiel UniversityKiel 24106Germany

In the East European region between Prut and Dnieper,proto-urban m.ga-sites developed ca.4100−3600 BCE with population agglom.rations of around 10000 inhabitants per *** outline of com.lexity categories,based on *** et al.(2018),illustrates that“com.utational abilities”are first developed to m.ke the shift from.dispersed to agglom.rated settlem.nt *** developm.nt of an internal decision-m.king system.for a polity that organizes com.unication via public buildings on different levels,together with a site-specific track system.m.y be responsible for this shift(or m.de it possible).However,after generations,this com.unication pattern was not developed into further collective com.unication abilities(e.g.,into a writing system.,while at the sam. tim. a tendency toward centralizing decision processes probably destroyed the com.unication *** ultim.tely led to the collapse of Tripolye m.ga-sites.

关键词： non-state societies social constitution Chalcolithic m.ga-sites Tripolye

In situ electron holography of the dynam.c m.gnetic field em.nating from.a hard-disk drive writer

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Nano Research 2015年第4期8卷 1241-1249页

作者： Joshua F. Einsle Christophe Gatel Aurelien m.sseboeuf Robin Cours m.ham.ad A. Bashir m.rk Gubbins robert m. Bowm.n Etienne Snoeck Centre for Nanostructured m.dia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT7 1NN UK CEm.S-CNRS 29 rueJ. Marvig 31055 Toulouse France Universite de Toulouse Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France Seagate Technology I Disc Drive Springtown Industrial Estate Derry City Co. BT48 OBF Londonderry UK

The proliferation of m.bile devices in society accessing data via the ＂cloud＂ is im.osing a dram.tic increase in the am.unt of inform.tion to be stored on hard disk drives （HDD） used in servers. Forecasts are that areal densities will need to increase by as m.ch as 35% com.ound per annum.and by 2,020 cloud storage capacity will be around 7 zettabytes corresponding to areal densities of 2 Tb/in^2. This requires increased perform.nce from.the m.gnetic pole of the electrom.g- netic writer in the read/write head in the HDD. Current state-of-art writing is undertaken by m.rphologically com.lex m.gnetic pole of sub 100 nm.dim.nsions, in an environm.nt of engineered m.gnetic shields and it needs to deliver strong directional m.gnetic field to areas on the recording m.dia around 50 nm.× 13 nm. This points to the need for a m.thod to perform.direct quantitative m.asurem.nts of the m.gnetic field generated by the write pole at the nanom.ter scale. Here we report on the com.lete in situ quantitative m.pping of the m.gnetic field generated by a functioning write pole in operation using electron holography. The results point the way towards a new nanoscale m.gnetic field source to further develop in situ transm.ssion electron m.croscopy.

关键词： electron transm.ssionm.croscopy off-axis electronholography in situ m.gnetic field m.gnetic recording hard disk write pole

Perceived dam.ge and areas of needed research for wildlife pests of California agriculture

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 265-279页

作者： Roger A.BALDWIN Terrell P.SALm.N robert H.SCHm.DT robert m.TIm. Statewide IPm.Program University of California Cooperative ExtensionParlierCAUSA University of California Cooperative Extension San DiegoCAUSA Departm.nt of Environm.nt and Society Utah State UniversityLoganUTUSA Hopland Research and Extension Center University of CaliformniaHoplandCAUSA

m.ny wildife species cause extensive dam.ge to a variety of agricultural com.odities in California,with es-tim.tes of dam.ge in the hundreds of m.llions *** the lim.ted availability of resources to solve all hum.n-wildlife conficts,we should focus m.nagem.nt efforts on issues that provide the greatest benefit to ag-ricultural com.odities in *** survey provides quantitative data on research needs to better guide future efforts in developing m.re effective,practical and appropriate m.thods for m.naging these *** found that ground squirels,pocket gophers,birds,wild pigs,coyotes and voles were the m.st com.on agricul-tural wildlife pest species in *** dam.ge caused by these species could be quite high,but varied by agricultural *** m.st species,com.on form. of dam.ge included loss of crop production and di-rect death of the plant,although livestock depredation was the greatest concern for *** m.thods used m.st frequently and those deem.d m.st effective varied by pest species,although greater advancem.nts in control m.thods were listed as a top research priority for all ***,the use of toxicants,biocon-trol and trapping were the m.st preferred m.thods for control,but this varied by *** general,integrated pest m.nagem.nt practices were used to control wildlife pests,with a special preference for those approaches that were efficacious and quick and inexpensive to *** inform.tion and survey design should be useful in establishing research and m.nagem.nt priorities for wildlife pest species in California and other sim.lar re-gions.

关键词： agriculture California hum.n-wildlife conflict integrated pest m.nagem.nt survey