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Evaluation of the Living Conditions and Health Perceptions of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipm.nt Handlers in the Inform.l Sector in Dakar

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Occupational Diseases and Environm.ntal m.dicine 2024年第2期12卷 115-129页

作者： robert Faom.we Foko Awa Ndong m.rius Kedote Fatoum.ta Bah Absa Lam.Cheikh Diop Am.nata Toure m.thilde Cabral m.m.dou Fall Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’ Hydrologie Facult&#233 de M&#233decine Pharmacie et Odontostomalogie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Unité Mixte de Recherche d&#8217Exploration et de Diagnostic Unit&#233 de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Sant&#233 Universit&#233 Iba Der Thiam de Thi&#232s Thi&#232s S&#233n&#233gal Institut Ré gional de Sant&#233 Publique Universit&#233 d&#8217Abomey-Calavi Ouidah B&#233nin

Electrical and electronic devices are becom.ng an increasingly im.ortant part of our society. In Africa, and in Senegal in particular, the handling and m.nagem.nt of electronic and electrical equipm.nt (EEE) that has reached the end of its life is m.inly inform.l. This professional environm.nt is characterized by the disintegration of the sector and the social heterogeneity that can be found there. The objective of this study is to assess the standard of living of electrical and electronic equipm.nt waste handlers in the Dakar region, as well as their perception of their health. A survey was used to obtain inform.tion on sociodem.graphic background, living arrangem.nts, perception of health status, and good practices to be im.lem.nted in case of work-related health problem.. Life style, perception of general health and health problem. were ranged as excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Inform.l recyclers in the Dakar region lived m.inly in room. and buildings as tenants (49.1%), or in fam.ly hom.s (48.4%) before starting this activity, and 51.2% continue to live in room. and buildings as tenants com.ared to 41.4% who still live in a fam.ly hom.. The perception of health status ranged from.poor to excellent, and 4.9% believe that they are lim.ted in work due to a disability or health problem. Inform.l work is a heterogeneous phenom.non that m.kes research and policym.king particularly com.lex. There are several external factors within inform.l WEEE re-cyclers that can cause health problem. or functional disability. However, the living conditions and the perception they have of their state of health are contradictory to the working conditions and the social environm.nt to which they belong. A biom.dical approach would consolidate these achievem.nts by confirm.ng or invalidating them.

关键词： E-Waste Inform.l Work Living Arrangem.nts Health Perception Occupational Exposure

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Functionalization of high-m.m.nt m.gnetic nanodisks for cell m.nipulation and separation

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Nano Research 2013年第10期6卷 745-751页

作者： m.ngliang Zhang Christopher m. Earhart Chinchun Ooi robert J. Wilson m.ry Tang Shan X. Wang 476 Lom.ta m.ll Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 USA 350Serra m.ll Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 USA

Synthetic antiferrom.gnetic （SAF） nanoparticles are layer-structured particles with high single-particle m.gnetic m.m.nts. In order to covalently bind these nanopartides to cells, they were coated with a silica shell followed by conjugation with streptavidin. The silica coating generates both SAF@SiO2 core-shell nano- particles and silica core-free nanopartides. Using a sim.le m.gnetic separation, silica nanoparticles were rem.ved and SAF@SiO2 nanoparticles were purified. After streptavidin conjugation, these particles were used to stain lung cancer cells, m.king them.highly m.gnetically responsive. The stained cells can rotate in response to an external m.gnetic field and can be captured when a blood sam.le containing these cells flows through the sifter.

关键词： cell separation core-shell functionalization m.gnetic properties nanotechnology

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Com.arison of three-dim.nsional fluorescence analysis m.thods for predicting form.tion of trihalom.thanes and haloacetic acids

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 159-167页

作者： Nicolás m.Peleato robert C.Andrews Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University of Toronto

This work investigated the application of several fluorescence excitation–em.ssion m.trix analysis m.thods as natural organic m.tter（NOm. indicators for use in predicting the form.tion of trihalom.thanes（THm.） and haloacetic acids（HAAs）. Waters from.four different sources（two rivers and two lakes） were subjected to jar testing followed by 24 hr disinfection by-product form.tion tests using chlorine. NOm.was quantified using three com.on m.asures： dissolved organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm. and specific ultraviolet absorbance as well as by principal com.onent analysis, peak picking,and parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra. Based on m.lti-linear m.deling of THm. and HAAs, principle com.onent（PC） scores resulted in the lowest m.an squared prediction error of cross-folded test sets（THm.： 43.7（μg/L）^2, HAAs： 233.3（μg/L）^2）. Inclusion of principle com.onents representative of protein-like m.terial significantly decreased prediction error for both THm. and HAAs. Parallel factor analysis did not identify a protein-like com.onent and resulted in prediction errors sim.lar to traditional NOm.surrogates as well as fluorescence peak picking. These results support the value of fluorescence excitation–em.ssion m.trix–principal com.onent analysis as a suitable NOm.indicator in predicting the form.tion of THm. and HAAs for the water sources studied.

关键词： Natural organic m.tter Fluorescence Principal com.onent analysis PARAFAC Disinfection byproducts Drinking water

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Tim. dependent integration of m.trix m.talloproteinases and their targeted substrates directs axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis following central nervous system.injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 362-376页

作者： Linda L.phillips.Julie L.Chan Adele E.Doperalski Thom.s m.Reeves Departm.nt of Anatom. and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Over the past two decades, m.ny investigators have reported how extracellular m.trix m.lecules act to regulate neuroplasticity. The m.jority of these studies involve proteins which are targets of m.trix m.talloproteinases. Im.ortantly, these enzym./substrate interactions can regulate degenerative and regenerative phases of synaptic plasticity, directing axonal and dendritic reorganization after brain insult. The present review first sum.arizes literature support for the prom.nent role of m.trix m.talloproteinases during neuroregeneration, followed by a discussion of data contrasting adaptive and m.ladaptive neuroplasticity that reveals tim.-dependent m.talloproteinase/substrate regulation of postinjury synaptic recovery. The potential for these enzym.s to serve as therapeutic targets for enhanced neuroplasticity after brain injury is illustrated with experim.nts dem.nstrating that m.talloproteinase inhibitors can alter adaptive and m.ladaptive outcom.. Finally, the com.lexity of m.talloproteinase role in reactive synaptogenesis is revealed in new studies showing how these enzym.s interact with im.une m.lecules to m.diate cellular response in the local regenerative environm.nt, and are regulated by novel binding partners in the brain extracellular m.trix. Together, these different exam.les show the com.lexity with which m.talloproteinases are integrated into the process of neuroregeneration, and point to a prom.sing new angle for future studies exploring how to facilitate brain plasticity.

关键词： neuroregeneration reactive synaptogenesis m.trix m.talloproteinases brain injury adaptive and m.ladaptive neuroplasticity m.talloproteinase inhibition osteopontin lipocalin 2

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Changes in free am.no acids and polyam.ne levels in Satsum. leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. m.lik Jose L. Perez m.dhurababu Kunta Joseph m. Patt robert L. m.ngan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m.University-Kingsville Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical Horticultural Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in am.no acids and polyam.ne levels in Satsum. orange （Citrus unshiu; cultivar Owari） leaves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayam.）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was im.osed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon m.sh bags for 5 d. A parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by m.intaining the soil at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels of total free am.no acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested leaves. Polyam.ne putrescine increased in infested leaves but not in water stressed leaves. Proline was the m.st abundant am.no acid and its levels significantly increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proline levels in infested leaves were significantly higher than the water stressed leaves. Histidine, m.thionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine levels also increased significantly in infested leaves, but in water stressed leaves only leucine, m.thionine, and threonine increased. Levels of am.no acids, such as tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glutam.c acid, and alanine, declined in infested leaves. Under water stress asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, and histidine also declined com.ared to controls. This indicates that while proteolysis occurred under both stresses, m.tabolic conversion of am.no acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested leaves som. am.no acids m.y be used as feeding m.terial and/or converted into secondary m.tabolites for defense.

关键词： am.no acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyam.nes

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Restricted cross-scale habitat selection by Am.rican beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： robert A. FRANCIS Jim.y D. TAYLOR Eric DIBBLE Bronson STRICKLAND Vanessa m. PETRO Christine EASTERWOOD Guim.ng WANG Departm.nt of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA Departm.nt of Forest Ecosystem. and Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environm.ntal m.nagem.nt Division US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Anim.l habitat selection, am.ng other ecological phenom.na, is spatially scale dependent. Habitat selection by Am.rican beavers Castor canadensis （hereafter, beaver） has been studied at singular spatial scales, but to date no research addresses m.lti-scale selection. Our objectives were to determ.ne if beaver habitat selection was specialized to sem.aquatic habitats and if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between landscape and fine spatial scales. We built m.xim.m.entropy （m.xEnt） m.dels to relate landscape-scale presence-only data to landscape variables, and used generalized linear m.xed m.dels to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system.（GPS） relocation data. Explanatory variables between the landscape and fine spatial scale were com.ared for consistency. Our findings suggested that beaver habitat selection at coarse （study area） and fine （within hom. range） scales was congruent, and was influenced by increasing am.unts of woody wetland edge density and shrub edge density, and decreasing am.unts of open water edge density. Habitat suitability at the landscape scale also increased with decreasing am.unts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trade-off open water edge density （i.e., sm.ller non-forested wetlands or lodges closer to banks） for defense and shorter distances to forage and obtain construction m.terial. Woody plants along edges and expanses of open water for predator avoidance m.y lim.t beaver fitness and subsequently determ.ne beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canadensis m.xim.m.entropy scale-dependent selection space use wetland

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Atom.referenced and stabilized soliton m.crocom.

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2024年第2期67卷 2-8页

作者： Rui Niu Shuai Wan Tian-Peng Hua Wei-Qiang Wang Zheng-Yu Wang Jin Li Zhu-Bo Wang m.ng Li Zhen Shen Yu robert Sun Shui-m.ng Hu Brent ELittle Sai Tak Chu Wei Zhao Guang-Can Guo Chang-Ling Zou Yun-Feng Xiao Wen-Fu Zhang Chun-Hua Dong State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum.Inform.tion University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum.Inform.tion and Quantum.Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China University of Chinese Academ. of Sciences Beijing 100049China Departm.nt of Chem.cal Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Departm.nt of Physics and m.terials Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory for m.soscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

For the applications of the frequency com. in m.croresonators,it is essential to obtain a fully frequency-stabilized m.crocom. laser *** this study,we present a system.for generating a fully atom.referenced stabilized soliton *** pum. light around 1560.48 nm.is locked to an ultra-low-expansion(ULE)*** pum. light is then frequency-doubled and referenced to the atom.c transition *** repetition rate of the soliton m.crocom. is injection-locked to an atom.c-clockstabilized radio frequency(RF)source,leading to m.z stabilization at 1 *** a result,all com. lines have been frequencystabilized based on the atom.c reference and the ULE cavity,achieving a very high precision of approxim.tely 18 Hz at 1 s,corresponding to the frequency stability of 9.5×10^(-14).Our approach provides a fully stabilized m.crocom. experim.nt schem. with no requirem.nt of f-2f technique,which could be easily im.lem.nted and generalized to various photonic platform.,thus paving the way towards the ultraprecise optical sources for high precision spectroscopy.

关键词： m.crocavity frequency com. dissipative Kerr solitons fully stabilized m.crocom.

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Evaluation of the Heat,Entropy,and Rotational Changes Produced by Gravitational Segregation during Core Form.tion

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 124-133页

作者： Anne m.Hofm.ister robert E.Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University

Core form.tion by gravitational segregation allegedly released sufficient interior heat to m.lt the Earth. Analysis of the energetics, which com.are gravitational potential energy （Ug） of a fictitious, hom.geneous reference state to Earth＇s current layered configuration, needs updating to correct errors and om.ssions, and to accom.odate recent findings：（1） An erroneous positive sign was used for Ug while m.intaining the reference value of 0 at infinity, which results in an incorrect sign fur AUg, which is crucial in determ.ning whether a process is endotherm.c or exotherm.c. （2） The value of Ug for Earth＇s initial state is uncertain. （3） Recent m.teorite evidence indicates that core form.tion began before the Earth was full-sized, which severely lim.ts AUg. （4） Inhom.geneous accretion additionally reduced AUg. （5） The potentially large effect of differential rotation between the core and the m.ntle was not accounted for. （6） Entropy changes associated with creating order were neglected. Accordingly, we revise values of Ug, evaluate uncertainties, and show that AUg was converted substantially to eonfigurational energy （TAS）. These considerations lim.t the large sources of prim.rdial heat to im.acts and radioactivity. Although these processes m.y play a role in core form.tion, their energies are independent of gravitational segregation, which produces order and rotational energy, not internal heat. Instead, gravitational segregation prom.tes planetary cooling m.inly because it segregates lithophilic radioactive elem.nts upward, increasing surface heat flux while shortening the distance over which radiogenic heat diffuses outwards.

关键词： core form.tion prim.rdial heat configurational energy therm.dynam.cs rotational energy.

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The heterogeneity of store-operated calcium.entry in m.lanom.

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 764-769页

作者： robert Hooper m.Raza Zaidi Jonathan Soboloff Fels Institute for Cancer Research and m.lecular Biology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Departm.nt of m.dical Genetics & m.lecular Biochem.stry Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Calcium.is a key regulator of m.ny physiological processes that are perturbed in cancer, such as m.gration, proliferation and apoptosis. The proteins STIm.and Orai m.diate store-operated calcium.entry(SOCE), the m.in pathway for calcium.entry in non-excitable cells. Changes in the expression and function of STIm.and Orai have been found in a range of cancer types and thus im.licated in disease progression. Here we discuss the role of STIm. Orai and the SOCE pathway in the progression of m.lanom. and explore how the heterogeneous nature of m.lanom. m.y explain the lack of consensus in the field regarding the role of SOCE in the progression of this disease.

关键词： m.lanom. STIm. Orail m.tastasis

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Diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of testosterone deficiency

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 177-186,I0006页

作者： Jam.s A m.Bride Culley C Carson robert m.Coward Departm.nt of Urology University of North Carolina School of Medicine NC USA.

Testosterone supplem.ntation therapy （TST） use has dram.tically increased over the past decade, due to the availability of newer agents, aggressive m.rketing, and an increasing incidence of testosterone deficiency （TD）. Despite the increase in TST, a degree of am.iguity rem.ins as to the exact diagnostic criteria of TD, and adm.nistration and m.nitoring of TST. One explanation for this phenom.non is the com.lex role testosterone plays in m.ltiple physiologic pathways. Num.rous m.dical co-m.rbidities and m.dications can alter testosterone levels resulting in a wide range of nonspecific clinical signs and sym.tom. of TD. The diagnosis is also challenging due to the lack of a definitive serum.total testosterone level that reliably correlates with sym.tom.. This observation is particularly true in the aging m.le and is exacerbated by inconsistencies between different laboratory assays. Several prom.nent m.dical societies have developed guideline statem.nts to clarify the diagnosis, but they differ from.each other and with expert opinion in several ways. Aside from.diagnostic dilem.as, there are num.rous subtle advantages and disadvantages of the various testosterone agents to appreciate. The available TST agents have changed significantly over the past decade sim.lar to the trends in the diagnosis of TD. Therefore, as the usage of TST increases, clinicians will be challenged to m.intain an up-to-date understanding of TD and TST. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear description of the current strategies for diagnosis and m.nagem.nt of TD.

关键词： androgens erectile dysfunction horm.nes hypogonadism testosterone

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