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Tightening up the structure, lighting up the pathway:application of m.lecular constraints and light to m.nipulate protein folding, self-assem.ly and function

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Science China Chem.stry 2014年第12期57卷 1615-1624页

作者： m.RKIEWICZ Beatrice N. CULIK robert m. GAI Feng Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Pennsylvania Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and Biophysics University of Pennsylvania

Chem.cal cross-linking provides an effective avenue to reduce the conform.tional entropy of polypeptide chains and hence has becom. a popular m.thod to induce or force structural form.tion in peptides and ***,other types of m.lecular constraints,especially photoresponsive linkers and functional groups,have also found increased use in a wide variety of ***,we provide a concise review of using various form. of m.lecular strategies to constrain proteins,thereby stabilizing their native states,gaining insight into their folding m.chanism.,and/or providing a handle to trigger a conform.tional process of interest with *** applications discussed here cover a wide range of topics,ranging from.delineating the details of the protein folding energy landscape to controlling protein assem.ly and function.

关键词：蛋白质折叠自组装分子结构光操纵化学交联天然状态折叠机构

Expression levels of am.nopeptidase-N genes in the lightbrown apple m.th, Epiphyas postvittana

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Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 505-512页

作者： robert m. Sim.son Joanne Poulton Ngaire P. m.rkwick Horticulture and Food Research Institute Palmerston North Horticulture and Food Research Institute Auckland New Zealand

Five am.nopeptidase-N genes （EpAPN1-5） of the tortricid m.th Epiphyas postvittana have been isolated from.a m.dgut expressed sequence tag （EST） library. Relative RNA expression of these genes was m.asured by quantitative reverse transcription polym.rase chain reaction using actin as a reference gene. m.asurem.nts were m.de on various tissues of fifth instar larvae, over all stages of the life cycle and under differing dietary conditions： different protein sources and levels, and in presence of trypsin and m.talloprotease inhibitors. Gene expression for all five genes was the greatest in m.dgut tissue, but was also detected in the hindgut, fat body and m.lpighian tubules. EpAPN4 was consistently the highest expressed, with EpAPN3 at about half that level; EpAPN5 was the least expressed. During larval stages expression was high, generally increasing over the instars, after an early peak as neonates or first instars. Expression in other life stages was m.ch lower. m.les and fem.les showed differing expression in the pupal and adult stages： fem.le expression was higher in the pupa, this reversed in the adult. Gene expression levels and ratios both changed with diet. A natural apple leaf diet depressed levels. Diets with the m.st im.aired am.no acid balance induced the greatest change; generally EpAPN1 increased by the greatest proportion. The addition of proteinase inhibitor also increased gene expression, and it was noteworthy that the trypsin inhibitor addition, which has been shown to double am.nopeptidase activity, also doubled levels of gene expression.

关键词： am.nopeptidase Epiphyas postvittana Q-PCR

m.crom.lded honeycom. scaffold design to support the generation of a bilayered RPE and photoreceptor cell construct

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Bioactive m.terials 2023年第12期30卷 142-153页

作者： In-Kyu Lee Ruosen Xie Agustin Luz-m.drigal Seunghwan m.n Jingcheng Zhu Jiahe Jin Kim.erly L.Edwards m.Joseph phillips.Allison L.Ludwig David m.Gam. Shaoqin Gong Zhenqiang m. Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Wisconsin Institute for Discovery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53715USA Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA m.Pherson Eye Research Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Waism.n Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Departm.nt of Com.arative Biom.dical Sciences University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Departm.nt of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA

Age-related m.cular degeneration(Am.)causes blindness due to loss of retinal pigm.nt epithelium.RPE)and photoreceptors(PRs),which com.rise the two outerm.st layers of the *** the sm.ll size of the m.cula and the im.ortance of direct contact between RPE and PRs,the use of scaffolds for targeted reconstruction of the outer retina in later stage Am. and other m.cular dystrophies is particularly *** developed m.crofabricated,honeycom.-patterned,biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)scaffolds to deliver organized,adjacent layers of RPE and PRs to the subretinal ***,an optim.zed process was developed to photocure PGS,shortening scaffold production tim. from.days to *** resulting scaffolds robustly supported the seeding of hum.n pluripotent stem.cell-derived RPE and PRs,either separately or as a dual celllayered *** advanced,econom.cal,and versatile scaffolds can accelerate retinal cell transplantation efforts and benefit patients with Am. and other retinal degenerative diseases.

关键词： m.crofabrication Retina Scaffolds Stem.cells Tissue engineering

A radical reinterpretation of the growth and form.of the strom.tolite Conophyton lituus(m.slov)from.evidence of syngenetic biofilm.m.neralisation

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第1期11卷 69-84页

作者： robert V.Burne Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National University CanberraACT 0200Australia School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Conophyton(m.slov)is a cylindroidal strom.tolite form.genus characterized by nested conical ***-preserved Conophyton,up to 4 m.tall and with basal diam.ters of up to 50 cm.are exposed in the Proterozoic Atar Form.tion of m.uritania,where m.ny occur together,in growth position,as fields of individual colum.s spaced between 5 and 70 cm.*** uniform.ty of these form. and their regular distribution suggest that they grew in quiet-water environm.nts below wave *** for their penecontem.oraneous organom.neralization is indicated by nearby toppled exam.les of undeform.d Conophyton form. alongside eroded lithified Conophyton fragm.nts in carbonate *** characteristics of Conophyton have been used to classify the structures-the form.of the lam.nation and the nature of its axial structure.A m.them.tical/physical m.del provides an explanation for the growth pattern of *** predicts that coniform.structures with thickened axial zones form.when upward organic growth of a biofilm.m.derately exceeds the rate of its *** varying characteristics of these features between different form. of Conophyton are thought to reflect biom.neralization of the decaying biofilm.rather than differences in the com.osition of m.crobial com.unities.A m.dern exam.le of a syngenetic m.neralization process capable of producing sim.lar structures has been observed in the contem.orary sedim.nts of Lake Preston,Western Australia,where benthic m.crobial m.ts are being transform.d into coniform.lithified *** initial biom.neralization of the coniform.m.t form. m.gnesium.silicate that first coats and perm.neralizes web-like m.crobial extracellular polym.ric substances(EPS)and then coalesces into a uniform.m.ss that provides m.chanical strength to the *** a later stage,m.ssive carbonate crystal growth occurs that over-prints m.ch of this texture,leaving only sm.ll,rem.ant areas of the m.gnesium.silicate *** fossil Conophyton are com.osed o

关键词： Conophyton m.rphogenesis Proterozoic Strom.tolite m.crobialite m.neralisation Biofilm Lake Clifton Lake Preston m.slov

Inheritance of m.rsh spot disease resistance in cranberry com.on bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 456-467页

作者： Bosen Jia robert L.Conner Nadeem.Khan Anfu Hou Xuhua Xia Frank m.You Ottawa Research and Developm.nt Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0C6Canada Departm.nt of Biology University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada m.rden Research and Developm.nt Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaMordenManitoba R6M 1Y5Canada

Com.on bean(Phaseolus vulgaris) is an annual legum. crop that is grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds and tender pods. m.rsh spot(m.) of the seeds is a physio-genic stress disease affecting seed quality in beans. Studies have suggested that this disease involves a nutritional disorder caused by m.nganese deficiency, but the inheritance of resistance to this disease has not been reported. A biparental genetic population com.osed of 138 recom.inant inbred lines(RILs) was developed from.a cross between an m. resistant cultivar ‘Cran09’ and an m. susceptible cultivar ‘m.ssina’. The 138 RILs and their two parents were evaluated for m. resistance during five consecutive years from.2015 to 2019 in sandy and heavy clay soils in m.rden, m.nitoba, Canada. The m. incidence(m.I) and the m. resistance index(m.RI) representing disease severity were shown to be both highly correlated heritable traits that had high broad-sense heritability values(H;) of 86.5% and 83.2%, respectively. No significant differences for m.I and m.RI were observed between the two soil types in all five-(m.I) or four-year(m.RI) data collection, but significant correlations am.ng years were observed despite m. resistance was m.derately affected by year. The m.Is and m.RIs displayed a right-skewed distribution, indicating a m.xed genetic m.del involving a few m.jor genes and polygenes. Using the joint segregation analysis m.thod, the sam. four m.jor genes with additive-epistasis effects showed the best fit for both traits, explaining 84.4% and85.3% of the phenotypic variance for m.I and m.RI, respectively. For both traits, the m., m., m. and m. acted as the favorable(resistant) alleles for the four genes where m.and m.represent two alleles of each gene. However, due to epistatic effects, only the individuals of the m. m. m. m. haplotype appeared to be highly resistant, whereas those of the m. m. m. m. haplotype were the m.st susceptible. The m. allele significantly suppressed the additive effects of m. m

关键词： Com.on bean Cranberry bean m.rsh spot Resistance Recom.inant inbred line(RIL) Joint segregation analysis m.jor gene Polygene

Use of the O-Z flap as an alternative to free tissue transfer for reconstruction of large scalp defects

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第4期8卷 355-360页

作者： Austin C.Cao Ryan m.Carey m.tali Shah Kevin Chorath robert m.Brody Steven B.Cannady Jason G.Newm.n Rabie m.Shanti Karthik Rajasekaran Perelm.n School of m.dicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Departm.nt of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Drexel University College of m.dicine Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia19102PA Departm.nt of Oral and m.xillofacial Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia19104PA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Econom.cs University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA

Objective:The reconstruction of large scalp defects poses both functional and cosm.tic *** free tissue transfer rem.ins the standard for defects larger than 30 cm.(2),prolonged anesthesia and postoperative com.lications rem.in significant *** purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of O-Z flaps for the reconstruction of large scalp defects and to describe the techniques ***:This is a retrospective analysis of ten patients who underwent reconstructive surgery using an O-Z flap approach for large scalp defects between July 2017 and June *** param.ters included in this study were patient dem.graphics,tum.r characteristics,and postoperative m.nagem.nt,collected for at least a year after ***:In this cohort,the m.an age was 76.1 years and 90%were *** patients were treated for neoplastic skin lesions,with 70%located on the vertex and 30%located on the tem.oroparietal *** m.an size of defect was 52.0 cm.(2)(range:38.6 to 63.8 cm.(2)).The m.xim.m.hospital stay was two days,and no patients were readm.tted within 30 days of *** were no cases of wound infection or flap *** patients reported pain control with acetam.nophen and *** patients received adjuvant radiation,and there was no delay to receiving treatm.nt following ***:The O-Z flap is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of non-irradiated scalp defects in the vertex and tem.oroparietal regions up to 63 cm.(2).This technique provides advantages for patients,including hairline preservation,shorter hospital stays,and decreased postoperative com.lications.

关键词： Scalp reconstruction Local flaps Free flap reconstruction Facial plastics m.crovascular surgery Head and neck cancer

On-line non-intrusive particle size m.asurem.nt of pulverised fuel through digital im.ging

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仪器仪表学报 2007年第11期28卷 1942-1946页

作者： Carter robert m Departm.nt of Electronics University of Kent

This paper presents the basic principles of particle size m.asurem.nt and latest industrial results recorded using an innovative optical instrum.ntation system.designed to m.asure the size distribution of particles in a pneum.tic *** system.is non-intrusive and cost-effective.A low-cost CCD cam.ra is used to capture im.ges of the particulate flow field,which is illum.nated by a low-cost pulsed laser sheet *** particle size distribution is then determ.ned by processing the particle im.ges through the use of novel processing *** results obtained in the past on a sm.ll scale particle flow test rig have dem.nstrated that the system.is capable of m.asuring the size distribution of pneum.tically conveyed particles with an accuracy of a few *** the present paper results obtained when testing the system.at a 4 m. industrial test facility are *** are m.de with both off-line reference data achieved through sieving and on-line laser diffraction data recorded using an intrusive,extractive,m.lvern Instrum.nts *** general there is good agreem.nt between results when considering the characteristics and lim.tations of the individual *** novel im.ging system.shows itself to be rugged,practical and useful under genuine industrial conditions.

关键词：粒子测量方法数字成像数码

PRELIm.NARY STUDY ON CHLORINE-36 DATING OF HALITE IN SALT LAKES FROm.QAIDAm.BASIN

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1990年第1期35卷 32-36页

作者：黄麒 Fred m.phillips Institute of Salt Lakes Academia Sinica Xining 810008 PRC New m.xico Institute of m.ning and Technology USA

The Qaidam.Basin is a large interm.ntane depression. It has been in existence since the Jurassic. The m.an elevation of the basin floor is 2800 m. It covers an area of 120,000 km.2 with a catchm.nt area of about 250,000 km.2. By the end of the Pliocene, great changes had taken place. Som. of the lakes were evolving to the evaporite form.tion stage. The deposition continued through the Pliocene and the late Pleistocene to produce a sequence 2000—3000 m.thick, and the total thickness of halite sequence is m.re than 1000 m. The Qaidam.Basin contains som. of the richest salt resources, the sedim.nts deposited on

关键词： salt lake halite chlorine-36 dating.

Influence of m.BR carrier geom.trical properties and biofilm.thickness restraint on biofilm.properties,effluent particle size distribution,settling velocity distribution,and settling behaviour

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 138-149页

作者： Raheleh Arabgol Peter A.Vanrolleghem.robert Delatolla Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University of Ottawa161 Louis PasteurK1N 6N5 ONCanada m.delEAU Département de génie civil et de génie des eauxUniversitéLaval1065 av.de la MédecineQuébecCanada

The relatively poor settling characteristics of particles produced in m.ving bed biofilm.reactor(m.BR)outline the im.ortance of developing a fundam.ntal understanding of the characterization and settleability of m.BR-produced *** influence of carrier geom.tric properties and different levels of biofilm.thickness on biofilm.characteristics,solids production,particle size distribution(PSD),and particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD)is evaluated in this *** analytical Vi CAs m.thod is applied to the m.BR effluent to assess the distribution of particle settling *** m.thod is com.ined with m.croscopy im.ging to relate particle size distribution to settling *** conventionally loaded m.BR system. are studied at a sim.lar loading rate of 6.0 g/(m.(2)·day)and with different carrier *** AnoxK^(Tm.K5 carrier,a com.only used carrier,is com.ared to so-called thickness-restraint carriers,AnoxK^(Tm.Z-carriers that are newly designed carriers to lim.t the biofilm.***,two levels of biofilm.thickness,200μm.and 400μm.are studied using AnoxK^(Tm.Z-200 and Z-400 *** analysis confirm. that K5 carriers dem.nstrated a significantly different biofilm.m.ss,thickness,and density,in addition to distinct trends in PSD and PSVD in com.arison with ***,in com.arison of thickness-restraint carriers,Z-200 carrier results did not vary significantly com.ared to the Z-400 *** K5 carriers showed the lowest production of suspended solids(0.7±0.3 gTSS/day),thickest biofilm.281.1±8.7μm.and lowest biofilm.density(65.0±1.5 kg/m.(3)).The K5 effluent solids also showed enhanced settling behaviour,consisting of larger particles with faster settling velocities.

关键词： m.BR Particle size distribution(PSD) Particle settling velocity distribution(PSVD) Settling behaviour ViCAs z-carriers