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Appl.cation of High-Frequency Gravitational.Waves to the Catacl.sm.c Event of Our First Encounter with Intel.igent Extraterrestrial.Beings

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Journal.of Appl.ed m.them.tics and Physics 2016年第1期4卷 110-129页

作者： robert m. l. baker Bonnie Sue baker GravWave Division Transportation Sciences Corporation Palm Desert CA USA

Three advances are proposed as a pathway to the catacl.sm.c event of our first encounter with intel.igent extraterrestrial.beings. First, discovery of very l.rge num.ers of extraterrestrial.pl.nets, “exopl.nets” (possibl. as m.ny as1023 in our Universe);second, introduction of el.ctronic com.onents into the hum.n body evol.ing into a cybernetic and biol.gical.“cyborg,” a m.del.for an extraterrestrial.being Cyborgs m.ght al.ow advanced civil.zations to endure hundreds of thousands of years. Third, the recent devel.pm.nt of high-frequency gravitational.wave (HFGW) detectors, the com.unication m.ans of choice for an advanced cyborg civil.zation since they are not easil. absorbed l.ke el.ctrom.gnetic radiation. Six HFGW detectors are presented for appl.cation to our first encounter with intel.igent extraterrestrial.beings. Num.rical.estim.tes are m.de for the fail.re of extraterrestrial.civil.zations such that no two exist at the sam. tim. (Ferm.’s Paradox). It is concl.ded that there m.ght rem.in at l.ast ≈1.48 × 108 Worl.s intercom.unicating with HFGWs at any one tim. in any one region of our Universe. The predicted form.of extraterrestrial.beings is by m.ans of anim.ginary, but based upon com.rehensivel. docum.nted and detail.d projection of the evol.tion of “Earthl.ng” hom.sapiens, to becom. “cyborgs.” It is proposed that such l.ng-l.ving cyborg form. of intel.igent beings woul. be encountered by us. The first catacl.sm.c encounter with them.is expected to be interception of their interstel.ar com.unications. The predicted frequency of intercepted m.ssages under one set of assum.tions is at l.ast 1500 per day. After decoding the intercepted m.ssages, keys m.y be found to im.rove vastl. the present and future qual.ty of l.fe for us earthl.ngs. Advanced beings m.ght util.ze direct brain-to-brain com.unication and it is concl.ded that research into brain-to-brain com.unication and HFGW detection are encouraged.

关键词： High-Frequency Gravitational.Waves Search for Extraterrestrial.Intel.igence Gravitational.Waves Exopl.nets Cyborg

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A Theory of Our Universe

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Journal.of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosm.l.gy 2020年第4期6卷 609-622页

作者： robert m. l. baker Jr. Transportation Sciences Corporation Pam Desert California USA

Contem.orary theories of our Universe, such as the Friedm.nn-l.m.ître-robertson-Wal.er (Fl.W) m.del.of the cosm.s, assum. that tim. m.rches on at a uniform. constant pace from.its very beginning. But what if that is not the case? It is proposed that our Universe is not a “Big Bang”, but rather a “Big Rol.out” in space and tim., spacetim., from.the shortest m.aningful.l.ngth, Pl.nck l.ngth, and the shortest m.aningful.m.asure of tim., Pl.nck Tim.. It is specul.ted that tim. and dim.nsions, spacetim., grow in concert very rapidl. at first. The fundam.ntal.equation, which rel.tes the change in the space dim.nsions to the change in the speed of tim. at the beginning of tim. for the new Theory, is derived. Spacetim. rol.s out initial.y at l.ght speed. As tim. increases, the rate of change of the speed of tim. coul. be erratic, that is al.hough in general. it sl.ws (rate of tim. sl.ws approaching zero at the end of tim.), its rate of change coul. decel.rate, pause or perhaps accel.rate for a whil., no need however, for dark m.tter or dark energy.

关键词： Cosm.l.gy Theory Earl. Universe Dark m.tter High-Frequency Rel.c Gravitational.Waves

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Detection and Determ.nation of the Variation of the Speed of Tim.

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Journal.of m.dern Physics 2021年第6期12卷 761-780页

作者： robert m. l. baker Bonnie Sue baker Fangyu l. Gravwave l.C Playa del Rey USA Transportation Sciences Corporation Gravitational-Wave Department Playa del Rey USA Departm.nt of Physics Chongqing University Chongqing China

Steadil. increasing tim. is invol.ed in m.st scientific anal.ses. l.ke other dim.nsions in spacetim. we suggest that there can be a variation rate of tim.’s progress or speed of tim. in the tim. dim.nsion. We study speed-of-tim. variation observational.data in three processes: m.on decay, gal.xy rotation (rel.ted to dark m.tter) and the separation speed of cel.stial.objects as our Universe progresses (rel.ted to dark energy). Each of these processes wil. have an “observed val.e” of their tim. of com.l.tion m.Pm.m.om. from.an observation of the process at tim. m.tm.m.1m. and an “expected val.e” m.Pm.m.em. of that tim. at tim. m.tm.m.2m.. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of tim.. We provide a possibl. expl.nation for the anom.l.us separation of the observed and the expected gal.ctic vel.city curves. Our concl.sion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark m.tter or dark energy.

关键词： Earl. Universe High-Frequency Gravitational.Waves High-Frequency Rel.c Gravitational.Waves Prim.rdial.Gravitational.Waves Cosm.l.gy Speed of Tim. Dark m.tter Dark Energy Gal.ctic Vel.city Curves

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Val.e of High-Frequency Rel.c Gravitational.Wave (HFRGW) Detection to Astrophysics and Fabrication and Util.zation of the l.-baker HFRGW Detector

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Journal.of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosm.l.gy 2020年第1期6卷 103-122页

作者： Andrew Wal.ott Beckwith robert m. l. baker Jr Physics Departm.nt College of Physics Chongqing University Huxi Campus Chongqing University Chongqing China Transportation Sciences Corporation Palm Desert CA USA

Up to the present tim. gravitational.wave detectors, such as l.GO and Virgo, have been sensitive to frequencies on the order of a few thousand to a sm.l. fraction of an Hz. They have been m.st effective in the study of bl.ck-hol. m.rgers. We suggest that high-frequency rel.c gravitational.wave (HFRGW) detectors be devel.ped, especial.y the l.-baker HFRGW detector, in the gigahertz and higher frequency range. We bel.eve col.ecting cosm.l.gical. prim.rdial.observational.data especial.y generated during the first few seconds after the beginning of our Universe is extrem.l. im.ortant. One m.tivation for this paper is, therefore, that we are confident that observation of rel.c gravitational.waves wil. provide vital.inform.tion about the birth of our Universe and its earl. dynam.cal.evol.tion. Other astrophysical.appl.cations of HFRGW detectors invol.e the entropy growth of the earl. Universe, an abil.ty to study al.ernatives to infl.tion and to provide cl.es about the sym.etries underl.ing new physics at the highest energies. A working hypothesis or theory, based upon the rol.out of our Universe from.infinitesim.l.Pl.nck l.ngth and Pl.nck Tim. is presented. This theory invol.es the rapid m.tion of tim. and m.tter during that earl. tim. having frequencies on the order of tril.ions of cycl.s per second or m.re. Several.al.ernative HFRGW detectors are described and the proposed l.-baker HFRGW detector, which is theoretical.y sensitive to GW am.l.tudes, A, as sm.l. as 10-32, is discussed in detail. Such sensitivity m.y provide a m.ans for verifying or fal.ifying the rol.out of our Universe working hypothesis. Essential.y a com.ination of theory and experim.ntation is presented. It is recom.ended that pl.ns and detail.d specifications for the l.-baker HFRGW detector be prepared in order to expedite its fabrication.

关键词： High-Frequency Gravitational Waves Dark Energy Dark m.tter Variation of Speed of Tim. Beyond the Standard m.del of Cosm.l.gy Earl. Universe

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Changes in free am.no acids and pol.am.ne l.vel. in Satsum. l.aves in response to Asian citrus psyl.id infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. m.l.k Jose l. Perez m.dhurababu Kunta Joseph m. Patt robert l. m.ngan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m.University-Kingsvil.e Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticul.ural.Research l.boratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical.Horticul.ural.Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in am.no acids and pol.am.ne l.vel. in Satsum. orange （Citrus unshiu; cul.ivar Owari） l.aves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyl.ids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayam.）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress whil. a water deficit was im.osed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by pl.cing 50 psyl.ids on 3 citrus l.aves encl.sed in nyl.n m.sh bags for 5 d. A paral.el.set of pl.nts were kept water stressed by m.intaining the soil.at 20% water hol.ing capacity for 5 d. l.vel. of total.free am.no acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested l.aves. Pol.am.ne putrescine increased in infested l.aves but not in water stressed l.aves. Prol.ne was the m.st abundant am.no acid and its l.vel. significantl. increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Prol.ne l.vel. in infested l.aves were significantl. higher than the water stressed l.aves. Histidine, m.thionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and l.ucine l.vel. al.o increased significantl. in infested l.aves, but in water stressed l.aves onl. l.ucine, m.thionine, and threonine increased. l.vel. of am.no acids, such as tyrosine, isol.ucine, phenyl.l.nine, gl.tam.c acid, and al.nine, decl.ned in infested l.aves. Under water stress asparagine, phenyl.l.nine, serine, and histidine al.o decl.ned com.ared to control.. This indicates that whil. proteol.sis occurred under both stresses, m.tabol.c conversion of am.no acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested l.aves som. am.no acids m.y be used as feeding m.terial.and/or converted into secondary m.tabol.tes for defense.

关键词： am.no acids citrus Diaphorina citri pol.am.nes

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The rol. of phase im.urities and l.ttice defects on the el.ctron dynam.cs and photochem.stry of CuFeO2 sol.r photocathodes

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2390-2399页

作者： El.zabeth A. Fugate Som.ath Biswas m.thew C. Cl.m.nt m.nkyu Kim.Dongjoon Kim.Aravind Asthagiri l. robert baker Departm.nt of Chem.stry and Biochem.stry The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal.and Biom.l.cul.r Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

CuFeO2 is a prom.sing photocathode for H2 evol.tion and CO2 reduction *** better understand the com.l.x defect chem.stry and rol. of im.urity phases in this m.terial.and their effect on the photochem.cal.perform.nce,we em.l.y visibl. l.ght transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional.theory(DFT)cal.ul.tions to investigate the el.ctron dynam.cs in el.ctrochem.cal.y deposited Cu-Fe oxide thin *** anal.sis of carrier l.fetim. shows a fast,sub-ps contribution to rel.xation fol.owed by persistence of a Iong-l.ved state to tim. del.ys greater than 2 *** am.l.tude of the Iong-l.ved state is shown to correl.te with the rate of fast initial.rel.xation,and this is expl.ined in term. of a com.etition between charge carrier trapping and charge *** separation in CuFeO2 occurs via hol. therm.l.zati on from.O 2p to Cu 3d val. nee band states l.adi ng to segregatio n of el.ctr ons and hol.s across l.yers in the CuFeO2 *** between transient absorption m.asurem.nts and DFT cal.ul.tions suggest that Cu vacancies enhanee photochem.cal.perform.nce by facil.tating charge separation *** contrast,O interstitial. are predicted to switch the rel.tive positions of O 2p and Cu 3d val. nee band states,which woul. in hibit charge separatio n by in ter-band hol. therm.l.izatio *** al.y,we find no evide nee for el.ctron in jecti on from.CuFeO2 to CuO suggest!ng that charge separati on at this heterostructure in terface does not pl.y a rol. in the carrier l.fetim. or photochem.cal.perform.nce of the catal.sts studied here.

关键词： del.fossite CuFeO2 charge-carrier dynam.cs transient absorption spectroscopy Cu vacancy O interstitial

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Wil. dogm.： An exam.nation of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regul.tion of invasive m.sopredator rel.ase in Austral.a

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjam.n l. Al.EN Richard m. ENGEm.N l.e R. Al.EN The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the rol. that apex predators pl.y in shaping terrestrial.ecosystem. and m.intaining tro- phic cascades. In l.ne with the m.sopredator rel.ase hypothesis, Austral.an dingoes （Canis l.pus dingo and hybrids） are assum.d by m.ny to regul.te the abundance of invasive m.sopredators, such as red foxes Vul.es vul.es and feral.cats Fel.s catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several.recent papers have cl.im.d to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Neverthel.ss, in this paper we highl.ght several.critical.weaknesses in the m.thodol.gi- cal.approaches used in m.ny of these reports, incl.ding l.ck of consideration for seasonal.and habitat differences in activity, the com.l.cation of sim.l. track-based indices by incorporating difficul.-to-m.et assum.tions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing popul.tions by using binary m.asures rather than potential.y continuous m.asures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them.（75%） contained serious m.thodol.gical.fl.ws, which m.y partl. expl.in the inconcl.sive nature of the l.terature investigating interactions between invasive Austral.an predators. We therefore assert that m.st of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for m.so- predator rel.ase is m.rel. an inconcl.sive growing body of l.terature onl.. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- l.gical.rol.s of dingoes rel.tive to invasive m.sopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the val.e of studies that have not done so [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Experim.ntal.design m.sopredator rel.ase Sam.l.ng

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An experim.ntal.approach for investigating m.ny-body phenom.na in Rydberg-interacting quantum.system.

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第5期9卷 571-586页

作者： C. S. Hofm.nn G. Gunter H. Schem.p N. l. m. m.il.er A. Faber H. Busche m. robert-de-Saint-Vincent S. Whitl.ck m. Weidem.l.er Physikal.sches Institut Universitiit Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 226 69120 Heidelberg Germany Center for Free-El.ctron l.ser Science DESY Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany Departm.nt of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland Joint Quantum.Centre (JQC) Durham.Newcastl. Department of Physics Durham University Rochester Building South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom

Recent devel.pm.nts in the study of ul.racol. Rydberg gases dem.nd an adwanced l.vel.of experim.ntal.sophistication, in which high atom.c and optical.densities m.st be com.ined with excel.ent control.of external.fiel.s and sensitive Rydberg atom.detection. We describe a tail.red experim.ntal.system.used to produce and study Rydberg-interacting atom. excited from.dense ul.racol. atom.c gases. The experim.nt has been optim.zed for fast duty cycl.s using a high fl.x col. atom.source and a three beam.optical.dipol. trap. The l.tter enabl.s tuning of the atom.c density and tem.erature over several.orders of m.gnitude, al. the way to the Bose--Einstein condensation transition. An el.c- trode structure surrounding the atom. al.ows for precise control.over el.ctric fiel.s and singl.-particl. sensitive fiel. ionization detection of Rydberg atom.. We review two experim.nts which highl.ght the infl.ence of strong Rydberg---Rydberg interactions on different m.ny-body system.. First, the Rydberg bl.ckade effect is used to pre-structure an atom.c gas prior to its spontaneous evol.tion into an ul.racol. pl.sm.. Second, hybrid states of photons and atom. cal.ed dark-state pol.ritons are studied. By l.oking at the statistical.distribution of Rydberg excited atom. we reveal.correl.tions between dark-state pol.ritons. These experim.nts wil. ul.im.tel. provide a deeper understanding of m.ny-body phenom.na in strongl.-interacting regim.s, incl.ding the study of strongl.-coupl.d pl.sm.s and interfaces between atom. and l.ght at the quantum.l.vel.

关键词： ul.racol. Rydberg gases ul.racol. pl.sm.s Bose-Einstein condensation atom.l.ght interactions m.ny-body interactions

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Wil. dogm. II： The rol. and im.l.cations of wil. dogm. for wil. dog m.nagem.nt in Austral.a

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第6期57卷 737-740页

作者： Benjam.n l. Al.EN Richard m. ENGEm.N l.e R. Al.EN The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 l_aPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA. Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350. Lee.Allen@ deedi.qld.gov.au

The studies of Al.en （2011） and Al.en et al. （2011） recentl. exam.ned the m.thodol.gy underpinning cl.im. that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found m.st studies to have design fl.ws and/or observational.m.thods that precl.de val.d interpretations from.the data, describing m.st of the current l.terature as ＇wil. dogm.＇. In this short suppl.m.nt, we briefl. highl.ght the rol.s and im.l.cations of wil. dogm. for wil. dog m.nagem.nt in Austral.a. We discuss nom.ncl.ture, and the infl.ence that unrel.abl. science can have on pol.cy and practice changes rel.ted to apex predator m.nagem.nt

关键词： Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Practice change Publ.c perceptions Wil. dog m.nagem.nt

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Reduced com.ustion tim. m.del.for m.thane in gas turbine fl.w fiel.s

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Journal.of Natural.Gas Chem.stry 2009年第2期18卷 145-155页

作者： m.una l.m.aouer robert C. Ryder Andreja Brankovic Eric l. Petersen Graduate Research Assistant Mechanical Materials & Aerospace Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlando Fl 32816 USA President Engineering Flow ParametricsIvoryton CT USA Vice President Flow ParametricsIvoryton CT USA Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX 77843 USA

Com.utational.fl.id dynam.cs （CFD） m.del.ng of the com.l.x processes that occur within the burner of a gas turbine engine has becom. a critical.step in the design process. However, due to com.uter l.m.tations, it is very difficul. to com.l.tel. coupl. the fl.id m.chanics sol.er with the ful. com.ustion chem.stry. Therefore, sim.l.fied chem.stry m.del. are required, and the topic of this research was to provide reduced chem.stry m.del. for CH4/O2 gas turbine fl.w fiel.s to be integrated into CFD codes for the sim.l.tion of fl.w fiel.s of natural.gas-fuel.d burners. The reduction procedure for the CH4/O2 m.del.util.zed a response m.del.ng technique wherein the ful. m.chanism.was sol.ed over a range of tem.eratures, pressures, and m.xture ratios to establ.sh the response of a particul.r variabl., nam.l. the chem.cal.reaction tim.. The conditions covered were between 1000 and 2500 K for tem.erature, 0.1 and 2 for equival.nce ratio in air, and 0.1 and 50 atm.for pressure. The kinetic tim. m.del. in the form.of ignition tim. correl.tions are given in Arrhenius-type form.l.s as functions of equival.nce ratio, tem.erature, and pressure; or fuel.to-air ratio, tem.erature, and pressure. A singl. ignition tim. m.del.was obtained for the entire range of conditions, and separate m.del. for the l.w-tem.erature and high-tem.erature regions as wel. as for fuel.l.an and rich cases were al.o derived. Predictions using the reduced m.del.were verified using resul.s from.the ful. m.chanism.and em.irical.correl.tions from.experim.nts. The m.del. are intended for （but not l.m.ted to） use in CFD codes for fl.w fiel. sim.l.tions of gas turbine com.ustors in which initial.conditions and degree of m.xedness of the fuel.and air are key factors in achieving stabl. and robust com.ustion processes and acceptabl. em.ssion l.vel.. The chem.cal.tim. m.del.was util.zed successful.y in CFD sim.l.tions of a generic gas turbine com.ustor with four different cases with various l.vel. of fuel.air prem.xin

关键词： CH4 ignition tim. correl.tions reduced kinetic m.del

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