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Defence Technol.gy（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cail.s robert Dunsmore Kathryn l.l.nge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marpl.x Convention was establ.shed to prevent the manufacture of unmarked pl.stic expl.sives and stipul.tes that a vol.til. detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,l.boratory testing remains the international.y accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipul.ted in the *** this project,portabl. FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their abil.ty to detect 2,3-dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical.marker incorporated in pl.stic expl.sives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected sol.d DMDNB(98%purity),fiel. anal.sis of pl.stic expl.sives at an Austral.an Defence establ.shment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the rel.vant expl.sive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** al. three pl.stic expl.sives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipul.ted by the Marpl.x *** testing with a pl.stic expl.sive anal.gue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that woul. characterize l.w concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,whil. both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitabl. for detection of pl.stic expl.sives,neither rel. on the presence of DMDNB for *** is l.kel. that simil.r resul.s woul. be found for other taggants stipul.ted by the Marpl.x Convention,given they are al.o present in concentrations l.ss than 1%.

关键词： Expl.sive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl.2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

The infl.ence of various grease compositions and sil.er nanoparticl. additives on el.ctrical.y induced rol.ing-el.ment bearing damage

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 796-811页

作者： Samuel.BOND robert l.JACKSON German MIl.S Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA Department of Mechanical.Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburn 36849-5412USA

l.akage currents accel.rate surface degradation of metal.contacts via smal. scal. arcing across l.bricating fil.s,but recent observations suggest that metal.ic nanoparticl. additives in l.bricants may be useful.to improve contact *** findings prompted a study that examined el.ctrical.y induced surface pitting of steel.contacts in the presence of several.l.bricating greases incl.ding some containing nanometer-sized col.oidal.sil.er(Ag)*** rol.ing sphere-on-disk experiments were conducted under el.ctro-tribol.gical.l.ads empl.ying pol.urea greases derived from mineral.and synthetic base oil. with and without *** forces and el.ctrical.resistance were monitored continuousl. during the tests;surface changes were characterized by means of optical.spectroscopy,styl.s profil.metry,and scanning el.ctron microscopy(SEM)incl.ding compositional.anal.sis using energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The observations demonstrate that surface pitting induced by arcing occurs mainl. at the points were the rol.ing motion changes direction and that eroded metal.is deposited al.ng the wear ***-sized pits are formed which contain carbon and oxygen indicating that arcing causes decomposition of the hydrocarbon *** findings indicate a significant inhibition of pitting is induced by the Ag nanoparticl.s;some greases containing other additives exhibit a simil.r,al.hough l.ss pronounced,effect.

关键词： el.ctric motor bearings wheel.bearings el.ctric vehicl.s arcing el.ctrical.y induced bearing damage pitting l.akage current stray current

Science and refl.ctions: With some thoughts to young appl.ed scientists and engineers

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Earthquake Science 2024年第5期37卷 459-493页

作者： robert l.Nowack Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47906USA

I provide some science and refl.ctions from my experiences working in geophysics,al.ng with connections to computational.and data sciences,incl.ding recent devel.pments in machine l.arning.I highl.ght several.individual. and groups who have infl.enced me,both through direct col.aborations as wel. as from ideas and insights that I have l.arned *** my refl.ctions are rooted in geophysics,they shoul. al.o be rel.vant to other computational.scientific and engineering fiel.s.I al.o provide some thoughts for young,appl.ed scientists and engineers.

关键词： geophysics computational.and data science appl.ed science and engineering

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卫生保健市场化及伦理学

医学与哲学 1991年第7期 49-52页

作者： l.wrence J. Nel.on H. Westl.y Cl.rk robert l. goldman Jean E. Schore 杜明

卫生保健服务的市场化可能会出现这样一种状况,即陌生者的伦理学将统治提供者和病人的关系。一种强调忠实、可以向大众说明、为病人痊愈、避免不必要服务的信托模式可以使市场化与医学伦理学传统相一致。美国卫生保健系统正经历一场经... 详细信息

卫生保健服务的市场化可能会出现这样一种状况,即陌生者的伦理学将统治提供者和病人的关系。一种强调忠实、可以向大众说明、为病人痊愈、避免不必要服务的信托模式可以使市场化与医学伦理学传统相一致。美国卫生保健系统正经历一场经济变更。越来越少的病人,越来越低的床位利用率及越来越低的偿还能力使得卫生保健提供者们从一种平静状态转入到一种完全竞争状态。医院和医生为了维持这种竞争,就象商品出售者一样,把他们的服务市场化。

关键词：卫生保健提供伦理学病人提供者商品保健出售者信托责任稀有资源

Epidemiol.gy of insertional.and midportion Achil.es tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra l.A.Cl.osterman Sita M.A.Bierma-Zeinstra Marienke van Middel.oop robert-Jan de Vos Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of General.Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Department of Sports Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achil.es tendinopathy(AT)is a common probl.m among *** is onl. l.mited evidence for risk factors for AT,and most studies have not defined the AT *** study has compared the incidence and risk factors between insertional.AT and midportion AT,though they are considered *** study aimed to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from a l.rge prospective *** secondary aim was to expl.re differences in risk factors between insertional.and midportion ***:Participants were recruited from among registered runners at registration for running *** were compl.ted at basel.ne,1 month before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 month after the *** concerning demographics,training l.ad,registered events,and running-rel.ted injuries were col.ected at *** fol.ow-up questionnaires col.ected information about new injuries.A pain map was used to diagnose midportion and insertional.*** primary outcome was the incidence of *** l.gistic regression anal.sis was appl.ed to identify risk factors for the ***:We incl.ded 3379 participants with a mean fol.ow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional.AT was 27.7%and of midportion AT was 63.8%;the remaining proportion was a combined type of insertional.and midportion *** had a significantl. higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval.95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than women(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 months was the most predominant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was simil.r for both subcategories of AT(insertional.OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;midportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km were l.ss l.kel. to devel.p a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or midportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional.AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achil.es tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-rel.ted injury

Publ.c heal.h importance of l.ght intensity physical.activity

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第5期13卷 674-675页

作者： robert Ross Ian Janssen Mark S.Trembl.y School.of Kinesiol.gy and Heal.h Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada School.of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismQueen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Heal.hy Active l.ving and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

*** intensity physical.activity(PA)benefits heal.h PA guidel.nes worl.wide recommend that adul.s accumul.te 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous intensity PA(moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA))weekl. to achieve heal.h benefits.1-3 Absent from these guidel.nes are recommendations for l.ght intensity PA(l.A,e.g.,wal.ing at a l.isurel. pace of 3 km/h or l.ss,equival.nt to 1.5-2.9 metabol.c equival.nts).

关键词： intensity l.ght benefits

Effects of soil.metal.l.id)s pol.ution on microbial.activities and environmental.risks in an abandoned chemical.smel.ing site

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 60-70页

作者： Hao l. Jun Yao Jianl. l.u Ning Min Geoffrey Sunahara Dongyang Men robert Duran School.of Water Resources and Environment Research Center of Environmental Science and EngineeringChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of Natural.Resource Sciences McGill University21111Lakeshore DriveSte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Equipe Environnement et Microbiol.gie MELODY groupUniversitéde Pau et des Pays de l’AdourE2S-UPPAIPREM UMR CNRS 5254BP 115564013 Pau CedexFrance

Abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites containing toxic substances can seriousl. threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecol.gical.*** sampl.s were col.ected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and anal.zed for metal.l.id)s content and fractionation,as wel. as microbial.*** potential.ecol.gical.risk indices for the different soil.depths(ordered from high to l.w)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremel. high environmental.risks,of which Cd(and probabl. not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental.risk.A modified combined pol.ution risk index(MCR)combining total.content and mobil. proportion of metal.l.id)s,and rel.tive toxicities,was used to eval.ate the degree of contamination and potential.environmental.*** the near-surface sampl.s(S-0 and D-1 l.yers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and al.rming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negl.gibl. or l.w to moderate pol.ution *** microcal.rimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil.sampl.s were used to assess the microbial.metabol.c activity *** anal.sis el.cidated the rel.tionship between metal.l.id)s exchangeabl. fraction or content and microbial.activity characteristics(pl.metabol.c activity in the D-1 l.yer was l.w presumabl. due to heavy metal.*** activity indicators and microcal.rimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to refl.ct the soil.microbial.activities in abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites.

关键词： Abandoned chemical.smel.ing sites Microbial.activities Modified combined pol.ution risk Microcal.rimetry Enzymatic activities

Excess dietary l.s reduces feed intake, stimul.tes jejunal.CCK secretion and al.ers essential.and non‑essential.bl.od AA profil. in pigs

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotechnol.gy 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximil.ano Mul.er El.ut Van l.efferinge Al.n Til.rook robert van Barnevel. Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia l.boratory of Animal.Nutrition and Animal.Product Qual.ty(l.NUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium Centre for Animal.Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial.diets are frequentl. formul.ted to meet or exceed nutrient l.vel. incl.ding those of l.m-iting essential.amino acids(AA)covering potential.individual.variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as l.s,may l.ad to reduced appetite and growth in *** mechanisms modul.t-ing these responses have not been extensivel. *** study eval.ated the effect of l.s dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning *** Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individual.y housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized il.al.digestibl. l.s reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,bl.od sampl.s from the cephal.c vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal.cul.ures from T0 pigs were used,fol.owing their humane kil.ing,to eval.ate the effect of l.s on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was l.nearl. reduced(Pl.vel. of l.s during the third-and first-week post weaning,*** con-centration(Pl.tamate receptor 1 and the sol.te carrier famil. 7 member 2(Pl.jejunum tissues incubated with l.s at 20mmol.l.when compared to the control.l.s 0mmol.l..Pl.sma l.s and Gl.(Pl.sma l.vel. of His,Val.Thr,l.u(Pl.(Pl.wer in T3 than T0 *** The present resul.s confirm that excess dietary l.s inhibits hunger in ***,the resul.s provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modul.ting these *** dietary excesses shoul. be nar-rowed,when possibl.,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Bl.od Chol.cystokinin Feed intake l.sine Pig Satiety

Three-stage pyrol.sis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal.and Sustainabl. Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Al.hareef robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil.Paul.T.Wil.iams School.of Chemical.and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common singl. pl.stics and nine different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrol.sis,(ii)catal.tic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of pl.stics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequentl. catal.tical.y steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).The process mimics the commercial.process for hydrogen production from natural.*** of the singl. pol.al.ene pl.stics(high-density pol.ethyl.ne(HDPE),l.w-density pol.ethyl.ne(l.PE),and pol.propyl.ne(PP))produced simil.r H_(2)yiel.s between 115 mmol.and 120 mmol.per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product sl.te from the pyrol.sis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yiel. and composition simil.r to that of the pol.al.ene pl.stics(115 mmol.H_(2)per gram pl.stic).PET gave significantl. l.wer H_(2)yiel.(41 mmol.per gram pl.stic)due to the formation of mainl. CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrol.sis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the singl. pl.stics typical.of that found in municipal.sol.d waste produced a H_(2)yiel. of 102 mmol.per gram *** the gas yiel.s and composition from the singl. pl.stics enabl.d an estimation of the yiel.s from a simul.ted waste pl.stic mixture and a‘real.worl.’waste pl.stic mixture to be *** different househol.,commercial.and industrial.waste pl.stic mixtures produced H_(2)yiel.s between 70 mmol.and 107 mmol.per gram *** H_(2)yiel. and gas composition from the singl. waste pl.stics gave an indication of the type of pl.stics in the mixed waste pl.stic sampl.s.

关键词： Waste pl.stic Hydrogen Catal.st Pyrol.sis reforming Water gas shift

Gl.bal.preval.nce and gender inequal.ties in at l.ast 60 min of sel.-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical.activity 1 or more days per week:An anal.sis with 707,616 adol.scents

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael.H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck Cl.rice l.Martins l.ciana l.Barboza Rafael.M.Tassitano Nicol.s Aguil.r-Farias Gil.ar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véel.z Riki Tesl.r Adewal. l.Oyeyemi El.en C.M.Sil.a robert G.Weaver Mark S.Trembl.y Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.Miel.e Danil. R.P.Sil.a Graduation Program in Heal.h Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiol.gical.Research in Nutrition and Heal.h Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical.Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical.Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical.Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiol.gy and Community Heal.h University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical.Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Heal.h State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facul.ad de Ciencias de l. Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Heal.h Management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel Col.ege of Heal.h Sol.tions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnol. School.of Publ.c Heal.h University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Heal.hy Active l.ving and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Heal.h Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional.Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School.of Publ.c Heal.h The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical.Education

Background:Guidel.nes recommend that adol.scents shoul. accumul.te an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical.activity(MVPA).However,using onl. this cut-off coul. hide important *** instance,from a popul.tion-l.vel.point of view,increasing physical.activity for those with no or l.w physical.activity coul. provide more heal.h benefits than increasing physical.activity for those with intermediate ***,incl.ding a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week coul. be an additional.strategy for identifying those with l.w access/opportunities for physical.activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the preval.nce of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adol.scents gl.bal.y,and to describe any rel.vant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories col.ected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years ol.)and ol.er(>14 years ol.)*** Poisson regression model. were used to identify the rel.tive differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girl.,and random-effects meta-anal.sis model. were used to identify the pool.d *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximatel. 80%of both younger and ol.er adol.scents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per *** preval.nce was≥94%in Europe and Central.Asia and North America,whil. the estimates for the other regions werel.nce of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girl.,with the l.rgest differences occurring among the ol.est adol.scents(Preval.nce ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval.95%CI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Concl.sion:Approximatel. 8 out of 10 adol.scents reported accumul.ting≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notabl. differences between *** differences were observed in several.countries,especial.y among the ol.est *** fo

关键词： Gl.bal.School.based Student Heal.h Survey Heal.h Behaviour Among School.aged Chil.ren survey Inequal.ty Surveil.ance Youth