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Osteoporosis in men: a review

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Bone Research 2014年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： robert A Adler Endocrinology Section McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center Endocrine Division Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Osteoporosis and consequent fracture are not limited to postmenopausal women. There is increasing attention being paid to osteoporosis in older men. Men suffer osteoporotic fractures about 10 years later in life than women, but life expectancy is increasing faster in men than women. Thus, men are living long enough to fracture, and when they do the consequences are greater than in women, with men having about twice the 1-year fatality rate after hip fracture, compared to women. Men at high risk for fracture include those men who have already had a fragility fracture, men on oral glucocorticoids or those men being treated for prostate cancer with androgen deprivation therapy. Beyond these high risk men, there are many other risk factors and secondary causes of osteoporosis in men. Evaluation includes careful history and physical examination to reveal potential secondary causes, including many medications, a short list of laboratory tests, and bone mineral density testing by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA） of spine and hip. Recently, international organizations have advocated a single normative database for interpreting DXA testing in men and women. The consequences of this change need to be determined. There are several choices of therapy for osteoporosis in men, with most fracture reduction estimation based on studies in women.

关键词： DXA Osteoporosis in men a review FRAX BMD

Topical antimicrobial agents for pediatric burns

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 229-236页

作者： robert Cartotto Ross Tilley Burn Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre University of Toronto Rm D 712 2075 Bayview Avenue Toronto ON M4N 3M5 Canada

While topical antimicrobial agents are indicated for most if not all burn wounds, the choice of a topical agent must consider many factors such as the wound depth, anticipated time to healing, need for surgical intervention, and the known cytotoxicity of the agent. Especially relevant to the pediatric burn patient are the antimicrobial agent's properties related to causing pain or irritation and the required frequency of application and dressings. This article will discuss the general principles surrounding the use of topical antimicrobials on burn wounds and will review the most common agents currently in use.

关键词： Burns Topical antimicrobial Infection Dressings Wound Pediatric

Representations of and translation between common fractions and decimal fractions

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第36期58卷 4630-4640页

作者： WANG YunQi SIEGLER robert S School of International Studies Zhejiang University Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science Zhejiang University The Siegler Center for Innovative Learning (SCIL) Beijing Normal University

Recent years have seen a boom in research on the magnitude representations of common fractions and decimal ***,previous studies generally only explored the magnitude representations of these two types of fractions in *** present study,using a pretest-training-posttest design,examined and compared the magnitude representations of both types of fractions,and more importantly examined their relations to fraction translation and overall mathematical *** results showed that(1)accurate magnitude representations developed more often for decimal fractions than for common fractions;(2)individual differences in fraction magnitude representations predicted individual differences in fraction translation performance above and beyond initial knowledge of fraction translation;(3)mere exposure to visual representations of fractions on number lines improved children’s mental representations of fraction magnitudes more than exposure to visual representations of fractions on circles or reading a textbook section on *** present findings suggest that,like whole numbers,both types of fractions are organized on a mental number line,which appears to provide a central conceptual structure for organizing a wide range of numerical *** implications of the findings are discussed.

关键词：分数小数陈述个体差异数学能力概念结构预测试幅度

Tools to identify the men with prostate cancer most appropriate for active surveillance？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 97-98页

作者： robert H Getzenberg GTx Inc. Memphis TN USA

Agreat deal of effort is underway in order .to identify those men with prostatecancer felicitous for active surveillance with greater precision than that afforded to us today. In the manuscript by Irshad et al. the authors evaluate a novel set of genes associated with senescence and aging as tools that can provide guidance regarding the indolent nature of an individual＇s prostate cancer with validation using both mRNA and protein analyses. While additional studies are required to understand the full impact of these findings, the innovative approach taken enhances our understanding of distinct phenotypes of prostate cancer.

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A coal rib monitoring study in a room-and-pillar retreat mine

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 127-135页

作者： Gamal Rashed Khaled Mohamed robert Kimutis GCB/PMRD//NIOSH/CDC PittsburghPA 15236USA

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)conducted a comprehensive monitoring program in a room-and-pillar mine located in Southern *** deformation and the stress change in an instrumented pillar were monitored during the progress of pillar retreat mining at two sites of different geological conditions and depths of *** main objectives of the monitoring program were to better understand the stress transfer and load shedding on coal pillars and to quantify the rib deformation due to pillar retreat mining;and to examine the effect of rib geology and overburden depth on coal rib *** instrumentation at both sites included pull-out tests to measure the anchorage capacity of rib bolts,load cells mounted on rib bolts to monitor the induced loads in the bolts,borehole pressure cells(BPCs)installed at various depths in the study pillar to measure the change in vertical pressure within the pillar,and roof and rib extensometers installed to quantify the vertical displacement of the roof and the horizontal displacement of the rib that would occur during the retreat mining *** outcome from the monitoring program provides insight into coal pillar rib support optimization at various depths and geological ***,this study contributes to the NIOSH rib support database in U.S coal mines and provides essential data for rib support design.

关键词： Coal rib performance Coal rib design Coal rib monitoring Coal rib failure Load transfer Retreat mining

Hydrogel-based local drug delivery strategies for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 247-253页

作者： robert B.Shultz Yinghui Zhong School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers–The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Spinal cord injury results in significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Although a wide range of therapeutic agents have been shown to attenuate secondary injury or promote regeneration/repair in animal models of spinal cord injury, clinical translation of these strategies has been limited, in part due to difficulty in safely and effectively achieving therapeutic concentrations in the injured spinal cord tissue. Hydrogelbased drug delivery systems offer unique opportunities to locally deliver drugs to the injured spinal cord with sufficient dose and duration, while avoiding deleterious side effects associated with systemic drug administration. Such local drug delivery systems can be readily fabricated from biocompatible and biodegradable materials. In this review, hydrogel-based strategies for local drug delivery to the injured spinal cord are extensively reviewed, and recommendations are made for implementation.

关键词： drug carriers drug delivery hydrogels microparticles nanoparticles neurotrophic factors scaffolds spinal cord injury

Motor tract reorganization after acute central nervous system injury: a translational perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1144-1149页

作者： Hajime Takase robert W.Regenhardt Department of Neurosurgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan Departments of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Acute central nervous system injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with widespread social and economic *** tract injury accounts for the majority of this disability;therefore,there is impetus to understand mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of injury and subsequent reorganization of the motor tract that may lead to *** acute central nervous system injury,there are changes in the microenvironment and structure of the motor *** example,ischemic stroke involves decreased local blood flow and tissue death from lack of oxygen and *** injury,in contrast,causes stretching and shearing injury to microstructures,including myelinated axons and their surrounding *** involve blood-brain barrier dysfunction,which is an important initial *** acute central nervous system injury,motor tract reorganization occurs in the form of cortical remapping in the gray matter and axonal regeneration and rewiring in the white *** remapping involves one cortical region taking on the role of ***-response-element binding protein is a key transcription factor that can enhance plasticity in the peri-infarct *** regeneration and rewiring depend on complex cell-cell interactions between axons,oligodendrocytes,and other *** RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in axon growth/regeneration through interactions with myelin-derived axonal growth inhibitors and regulation of actin cytoskeletal *** and their precursors play a role in myelination,and neurons are involved through their voltage-gated calcium *** the pathophysiology of injury and the biology of motor tract reorganization may allow the development of therapies to enhance recovery after acute central nervous system *** include targeted rehabilitation,novel pharmacotherapies,such as growth factors and axonal growt

关键词： corticospinal tract myelin-axon interaction recovery remapping reorganization RhoA/ROCK translation

Investigations on longwall mining subsidence impacts on Pennsylvania highway alignments

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 85-92页

作者： Emily Adelsohn Anthony Iannacchione robert Winn Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA

Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively;Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°;and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system(SDPS), the effects of overburden,panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.

关键词： Longwall mining Subsidence Coal Interstate damage

Value of incorporating geospatial information into the prediction of on-street parking occupancy - A case study

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第3期24卷 438-457页

作者： Michael Balmer robert Weibel Haosheng Huang Department of Geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Geography Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium

In light of growing urban traffic,car parking becomes increasingly critical for cities to *** a result,the prediction of parking occupancy has sparked significant research interest in recent *** many external data sources have been considered in the prediction models,the underlying geographic context has mostly been ***,in order to study the contribution of geospatial information to parking occupancy prediction models,road network centrality,land use,and Point of Interest(POI)data were incorporated in Random Forest(RF)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN,specifically Feedforward Neural Network FFNN)prediction models in this *** performances were compared to a baseline,which only considers historical and temporal input ***,the influence of the amount of training data,the prediction horizon,and the spatial variation of the prediction were *** results show that the inclusion of geospatial information led to a performance improvement of up to 25%compared to the ***,as the prediction horizon expanded,predictions became less reliable,while the relevance of geospatial data *** general,land use and POI data proved to be more beneficial than road network *** amount of training data did not have a significant influence on the performance of the RF *** ANN model,conversely,achieved optimal results on a training input of 5 *** attributable to varying occupancy patterns,prediction performance disparities could be identified for different parking districts and street ***,the RF model outperformed the ANN model on all predictions.

关键词： Parking occupancy prediction on-street parking geospatial information machine learning