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Nonselective beta-block.r use is associated with increased hepatic encephalopathy-related readmissions in cirrhosis

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8097-8106页

作者： Mohammad Amin Fallahzadeh Sumeet k.Asrani Elliot B Tapper Giovanna Saracino robert S Rahimi Department of Internal Medicine Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States Division of Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BACk.ROUND Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neurocognitive condition in cirrhosis leading to frequent *** beta-block.rs(NSBBs)are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment in cirrhotic *** hypothesized that since NSBBs decrease cardiac output and portal flow,the decreased metabolic filtering process of liver parenchyma may lead to increased HE-related *** To evaluate the impact of NSBB administration on HE-related readmissions in cirrhotic *** In this retrospective cohort study,we included 393 patients admitted to Baylor University Medical Center for liver-related portal hypertension indications between January 2013 and July *** predictors of the first HErelated readmissions were identified using Cox proportional hazards *** cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions between patients receiving NSBBs and not receiving NSBBs was examined using Fine-Gray modeling to account for the competing risk.of death or liver *** The mean age was 58.1±10.2 years and most patients fell into Child class C(49.1%)or B(43.8%).The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score was 22(IQR:11).The cumulative incidence of the first HE-related readmissions was significantly higher in patients tak.ng NSBBs compared to patients not receiving NSBBs(71.8%vs 41.8%,Pk.rs of liver disease severity,selective beta-block.r,lactulose and rifaximin use,NSBB use[Hazard ratio:1.74(95%CI:1.29-2.34)]was independently associated with the first HE-related readmissions over a median follow-up of 3.8 *** NSBB use is independently associated with increased HE-related readmissions in patients with cirrhosis,regardless of liver disease severity.

关键词： Altered mental status Ascites Esophageal varices Liver disease Portal hypertension Hospitalization

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Evaluation of the azoospermic male

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 82-87,177页

作者： robert Oates Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118 USA

When presented with an azoospermic patient, a thorough history and careful, considered physical examination often leads to a definite or presumptive diagnosis. An algorithmic, logical thought process is important to have in mind when embark.ng on the evaluation. Adjunctive laboratory tests, such as hormonal assays or genetic studies, are often complementary and/or additive and allow a very precise determination to be made as to the etiologies, either genetic or acquired. It is only with this information that a therapeutic plan can be made for the patient. As will be discussed, a targeted approach to testing is far more satisfying and cost-effective than a blind, shotgun approach.

关键词： azoospermia congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens male infertility Y chromosomal microdeletion

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Developments in the Diagnostic Techniques of Infectious Diseases: Rural and Urban Prospective

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第3期8卷 121-138页

作者： Shweta Srivastava Prabhat k. Singh Vatsalya Vatsalya robert C. k.rch University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville USA College of Arts and Sciences American University Washington DC USA Maghad University Patna India

Objectives: Diagnostics is the first step for the treatment and eradication of infectious microbial diseases. Due to ever evolving pathogens and emerging new diseases, there is an urgent need to identify suitable diagnostic techniques for better management of each disease. The success rate of specific diagnostic technique in any population depends on various factors including type of the microbial pathogen, availability of resources, technical expertise, disease severity and degree of epidemic of disease in the area. One of the important task. of the policy mak.rs is to identify and implement suitable diagnostic techniques for specific regions based on their specific requirements. In this review we have discussed various techniques available in the literature and their suitability for the target population based on above mentioned criteria. Methods: Diagnostic techniques evaluation of well documented representative microbial diseases;Tuberculosis (bacterial), Malaria (parasitic) and HIV (viral) were included in the study. Identification and collection of information and data was performed focusing on the diagnostic techniques used from the scientific publications from Pubmed, Science Access, Scopus, EMBASE and several regional databases. WHO and CDC database for Tuberculosis, Malaria and HIV were also included. These techniques were compared with respect to the financial resource availability, expertise and management, functional capacity, pathogen virulence and degree of epidemic in the population. Results and Conclusion: In case of Tuberculosis, ELISA and colorimetric techniques are successful in rural and urban communities with 80% - 90% sensitivity. Genotyping and SNP analysis are useful in drug resistant strains. Parasitic disease Malaria also follows the same trend with diagnostic techniques lik. RDTs being common in both population with fast results and around 90% sensitivity. STD disease lik. HIV however shows slight different trends due to urgent need of in

关键词： Infectious Diseases Microbial Disease Diagnostic Techniques Bacterial Parasitic Viral Global Health

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Study the Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Medium by Using Nano-Composites

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Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences 2015年第1期5卷 38-52页

作者： Tapan k. Rout Reeta Verma robert V. Dennis Sarbajit Banerjee Research & Development Tata Steel Ltd. Jamshedpur India Department of Environment Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) Mesra Ranchi India Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Endemic fluorosis disease has become a major geo-environmental health care issue caused by fluoride ion. High-efficiency and low-cost materials to uptak. fluoride from water have been a chal-lenge for scientists and engineers. Here, we report a low-cost process by utilising low-cost starting materials to develop nanocomposite adsorbents for fluoride uptak. from water. Bermuda grass as a starting source material converted into nanocomposite carbon fibers upon heat treatment at 800°C for one hour in Nitrogen atmosphere in the presence of metal oxides. Iron oxide-based nanocomposite (IBNC) is performing high (≈97%) removal of fluoride ion at a contact time of 60 minutes (pH 4) followed by titania-based nanocomposite (TBNC) (≈92%) and micro carbon fiber (≈88%) respectively. The phenomenon of fluoride ion uptak. is realised by Freundlich adsorption model, and both adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity for IBNC are higher than those for TBNC and micro carbon fiber.

关键词： Adsorption Nano-Oxides Grafted Carbon Fiber Thermal CVD Fluoride

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Improve Water Quality at the El-Rahawy Drain and the Rosetta Branch, Egypt

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第10期6卷 1139-1148页

作者： Mohamed k. Mostafa Maha M. Elshafei robert W. Peters Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA Sanitary and Environmental Institute Housing and Building National Research Center Giza Egypt

The El-Rahawy drain, is the major source of pollution along the Rosetta branch, receives primary treated wastewater from the Abu-Rawash Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The main purpose of this research was to manage water quality at the Rosetta branch by improving effluent water quality at the Abu-Rawash WWTP. This research involved attempting to determine the optimal dose of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to reach an acceptable treatment at the Abu-Rawash WWTP. A dose of 2.0 mg of AlCl3 for each liter of wastewater was selected. Another approach involves discharging flow from Al-Buhairi Water Canal to the El-Rahawy drain in order to increase the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and reduce pollutant concentrations at the El-Rahawy drain. Applying these approaches will significantly improve water quality at the El-Rahawy drain. The river pollutant (RP) modeling was also used to study the effect of improving water quality at the El-Rahawy drain on the Rosetta branch water quality. The RP modeling showed that applying the proposed solutions will significantly improve water quality at the Rosetta branch.

关键词： Water Quality Modeling Aluminum Chloride Carbon Dioxide El-Rahawy Drain Rosetta Branch Egypt

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Regulating the morphology of fluorinated non-fullerene acceptor and polymer donor via binary solvent mixture for high efficiency polymer solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第9期62卷 1221-1229页

作者： Mengxue Chen Zhuohan Zhang Wei Li Jinlong Cai Jiangsheng Yu Emma L. k. Spooner Rachel C. k.lbride Donghui Li Baocai Du robert S. Gurney Dan Liu Weihua Tang David G. Lidzey Tao Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China State k.y Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7RH UK

Fluorinated non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs) usually have planar back.one and a higher tendency to crystallize compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which leads to enhanced charge mobility in organic solar cells(OSCs). However, this selforganization behavior may result in excessive phase separation with electron donors and thereby deteriorate device ***, we demonstrate an effective approach to tune the molecular organization of a fluorinated NFA(INPIC-4 F), and its phase separation with the donor PBDB-T, by varying the casting solvent. A prolonged film drying time encourages the crystallization of INPIC-4 F into spherulites and consequently results in excessive phase separation, leading to a low device power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 8.1%. Contrarily, a drying time leads to fine mixed domains with inefficient charge transport properties,resulting in a moderate device PCE of 11.4%. An intermediate film drying time results in the formation of face-on π-π stack.d PBDB-T and INPIC-4 F domains with continuous phase-separated network., which facilitates light absorption, exciton dissociation as well as balanced charge transport towards the electrode, and achieves a remark.ble PCE of 13.1%. This work.provides a rational guide for optimizing the molecular ordering of NFAs and electron donors for high device efficiency.

关键词： organic solar cells non-fullerene acceptors solvent morphology efficiency

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Tailored architecture of composite electrolyte for all-solid-state sodium batteries with superior rate performance and cycle life

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4171-4180页

作者： Xiang Guan Zhenhua Jian Xingan Liao Wenchao Liao Yanfei Huang Dazhu Chen robert k.Y.Li Chen Liu Shenzhen k.y Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Seek.ng for composite electrolytes reinforced all-solid-state sodium ion batteries with superior long lifespan and rate performance remains a great ***,a unique strategy to tailor the architecture of composite electrolyte via inserting polymer chains into a small quantity of sulfate sodium grafted C_(48)0H_(28)O_(32)Zr_(6)(UIOSNa)is *** intimate contact between polymer segments and UIOSNa with limited pore size facilitates the anion immobilization of sodium salts and reduction of polymer crystallinity,thereby providing rapid ion conduction and reducing the adverse effect caused by the immigration of *** tNa+grafting of-SO_(3)Na groups on fillers allows the free movement of more sodium ions to further improve and ionic ***,even with the low content of UIOSNa fillers,a high ionic conductivity of 6.62×10^(-4) S·cm^(-1) at 60℃ and a transference number of 0.67 for the special designed composite electrolyte are *** assembled all-solid-state sodium cell exhibits a remark.ble rate performance for 500 cycles with 95.96%capacity retention at a high current rate of 4 *** corresponding pouch cell can stably work.for 1000 cycles with 97.03%capacity retention at 1 C,which is superior to most of the reported composite electrolytes in the literature.

关键词： solid state sodium battery composite electrolyte rate performance cycle life

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Energy consumption for creep fracture of metallic materials

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2008年第4期24卷 469-472页

作者： robert A.Arutyunyan Universitetsk.i pr.28 Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics Sankt-Petersburg State University Petrodvoretz Sankt-Petersburg 198504 Russia

The energy conservation law is applied to formulate the ductile and brittle creep fracture criterion for metallic materials. The criterion contains a summary of heat and latent energies. Assuming that the heat energy is given out so it has no effect on the fracture process, the ductile creep fracture criterion is simplified. To tak. into account the evaluation of the damage state of materials the compressibility condition is introduced and the brittle creep fracture law is formulated.

关键词： Ductile and brittle fracture criterion Energy conservation law Heat and latent energies

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Evaluating and predicting social behavior of arsenic affected communities:Towards developing arsenic resilient society

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： Sushant k.Singh robert W.Taylor Venk.tamallu Thadaboina Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Montclair State University1 Normal AveMontclairNJUnited States The Center for Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Sustainability(CAIES)Foundation PatnaBiharIndia National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj(NIRDPR) RajendranagarHyderabadTelanganaIndia

This study uses six machine learning(ML)algorithms to evaluate and predict individuals'social resilience towards arsenicosis-affected people in an arsenic-risk.society of rural *** 50%of the surveyed communities were found to be resilient towards arsenicosis *** regression with inbuilt cross-validation(LRCV)model scored the highest accuracy(76%),followed by Gaussian distributionbased naïve Bayes(GNB)model(74%),C-Support Vector(SVC)(74%),k.neighbors(k.)(73%),Random Forest(RF)(72%),and Decision Tree(DT)(67%).The LRCV also scored the highest k.ppa value of 0.52,followed by GNB(0.48),SVC(0.48),k.(0.46),RF(0.42),and DT(0.31).Caste,education,occupation,housing status,sanitation behaviors,trust in others,non-profit and private organizations,social capital,and awareness played a k.y role in shaping social resilience towards arsenicosis *** authors opine that LRCV and GNB could be promising methods to develop models on similar data generated from a risk.society.

关键词： Arsenic Resilience Society Socioeconomic Psychological Logistic regression India

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Towards standardizing retinal optical coherence tomography angiography:a review

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第4期11卷 520-541页

作者： Danuta M.Sampson Adam M.Dubis Fred k.Chen robert J.Zawadzk. David D.Sampson Surrey Biophotonics Centre for VisionSpeech and Signal Processing and School of Biosciences and MedicineThe University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorflelds Eye Hospital NHS Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology London EC1V 2PDUK. Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science(incorporating Lions Eye Institute) The University of Western AustraliaNedlandsWestern Australia 6009Australia. Department of Ophthalmology Royal Perth HospitalPerthWestern Australia 6000Australia. Ophthalmology Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3002Australia. Department of Ophthalmology&Vision Science University of California DavisSacramentoCA 95817USA. Surrey Biophotonics Advanced Technology InstituteSchool of Physics and School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK

The visualization and assessment of retinal microvasculature are important in the study,diagnosis,monitoring,and guidance of treatment of ocular and systemic *** the introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it has become possible to visualize the retinal microvasculature volumetrically and without a contrast *** lab-based and commercial clinical instruments,imaging protocols and data analysis methods and metrics,have been applied,often inconsistently,resulting in a confusing picture that represents a major barrier to progress in applying OCTA to reduce the burden of *** data and software sharing,and cross-comparison and pooling of data from different studies are *** inabilities have impeded building the large databases of annotated OCTA images of healthy and diseased retinas that are necessary to study and define characteristics of specific *** paper addresses the steps needed to standardize OCTA imaging of the human retina to address these *** review of the OCTA literature,we identify issues and inconsistencies and propose minimum standards for imaging protocols,data analysis methods,metrics,reporting of findings,and clinical practice and,where this is not possible,we identify areas that require further *** hope that this paper will encourage the unification of imaging protocols in OCTA,promote transparency in the process of data collection,analysis,and reporting,and facilitate increasing the impact of OCTA on retinal healthcare delivery and life science investigations.

关键词： transparency steps inconsistent

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