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Using leaf area index(LAI) to assess vegetation response to drought in Yunnan province of China

journal of Mountain Science 2017年第9期14卷 1863-1872页

作者： Kwangchol KIM WANG Ming-cheng Sailesh RANjITKAR LIU Su-hong XU jian-chu robert j.zomer Centre for Mountain Ecosystem Studies Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China World Agroforestry Center East and Central Asia Kunming 650201 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Climatic extremes such as drought have becoming a severe climate-related problem in many regions all over the world that can induce anomalies in vegetation condition. Growth and CO2 uptake by plants are constrained to a large extent by ***, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal responses of vegetation to drought across the various land cover types and different regions. Leaf area index(LAI) derived from Global Land Surface Satellite(GLASS) data was used to evaluate the response of vegetation to drought occurrence across Yunnan Province, China(2001-2010). The meteorological drought was assessed based on Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)values. Pearson's correlation coefficients between LAI and SPI were examined across several timescales within six sub-regions of the Yunnan. Further, the drought-prone area was identified based on LAI anomaly values. Lag and cumulative effects of lack of precipitation on vegetation were evident, with significant correlations found using 3-, 6-, 9-and 12-month timescale. We found 9-month timescale has higher correlations compared to another *** 29.4% of Yunnan's area was classified as drought-prone area, based on the LAI anomaly values. Most of this drought-prone area was distributed in the mountainous region of *** the research, it is evident that GLASS LAI can be effectively used as an indicator for assessing drought conditions and it provide valuable information for drought risk defense and preparedness.

关键词： MODIS Leaf area index distribution Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) Drought Yunnan

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Irrecoverable carbon in mountains and the global mitigation potential of agroforestry and increased tree cover in mountain agricultural systems

Circular Agricultural Systems

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Circular Agricultural Systems 2023年第1期3卷 85-97页

作者： robert j.zomer jianbo Yang Donatella Spano Antonio Trabucco CMCC Foundation–Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change IAFES DivisionViale Italia 3907100 SassariItaly Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Country ProgramKunming 650201YunnanChina Department of Agriculture University of SassariViale Italia 3907100 SassariItaly National Biodiversity Future Center S.c.a.r.l. (NBFC)Palazzo SteriPiazza Marina 61Palermo90133Italy

Agroforestry has many benefits suited to mountain agricultural *** paper seeks to understand and quantify the mitigation potential of multifunctional agroforestry systems,and the potential for increased tree cover in *** potential of agroforestry approaches for protecting irrecoverable carbon in mountains providing alternative,sustainable,and biodiversity-friendly livelihood options for local mountain communities is explored.A substantial portion(29%)of global'irrecoverable carbon'is found in mountains,representing irreplaceable ecosystems,biodiversity,and globally significant ecosystem services,under unprecedented environmental and demographic pressures,and rapidly changing climatic ***'premium'mountain carbon supports high levels of biodiversity,including many of the last remaining large mammal species on the *** tree cover within agricultural landscapes in mountains can provide sustainable,biodiversity-friendly development options that support environmental and biodiversity *** of existing and decadal change of above-and below-ground biomass on agricultural land within mountainous regions are modeled based up IPCC Tier 1 *** scenarios are evaluated to estimate carbon sequestration potential of increasing tree cover on agricultural land:1)incremental change and 2)a systemic change to *** of above-and below ground biomass carbon were combined with the tree cover analysis to estimate the change in *** increases(0.5−0.7 PgC for incremental change;1.1−2.7 PgC for systematic change)highlight the mitigation potential within mountain agricultural systems.A 10%increase in tree cover on all agricultural land within mountain regions is estimated to sequester 3 PgC.

关键词： mountains agricultural landscape

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Global carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry and increased tree cover on agricultural land

Circular Agricultural Systems

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Circular Agricultural Systems 2022年第1期2卷 38-47页

作者： robert j.zomer Deborah A.Bossio Antonio Trabucco Meine van Noordwijk jianchu Xu Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Science(CAS)Kunming 650201China Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry(CIFOR-ICRAF) Kunming 650201China Global Evergreening Alliance Surat Thani 84280Thailand The Nature Conservatory(TNC) OaklandCalifornia 94609USA Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici(CMCC) Sardinia 73100Italy Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry(CIFOR-ICRAF) Bogor 16115Indonesia

Biomass is fundamental to circular agricultural *** of above-and below-ground biomass on agricultural land based upon IPCC Tier 1 estimates are compared with an updated carbon density map based on remote sensing,with results indicating the methodology and initial estimations are *** scenarios are evaluated to estimate carbon sequestration potential of increasing tree cover on agricultural land:1)incremental change and 2)a systemic change to *** of above-and below ground biomass carbon were combined with a tree cover analysis to estimate the increase in *** increases(4−6 PgC for incremental change;12−19 PgC for systemic change)highlight substantial mitigation *** global tree cover on agricultural land by 10%would sequester more than 18 *** America has the highest potential,followed by Southeast Asia,West and Central Africa,and North ***,Indonesia,Philippines,India,the United States and China are among the top countries with the highest carbon sequestration potential on agricultural land with increased tree cover.

关键词： carbon potential agricultural

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Generation of 10 kT axial magnetic fields using multiple conventional laser beams:A sensitivity study for kj PW-class laser facilities

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 15-32页

作者： jue Xuan Hao Xiang Tang Alexey Arefiev robert j.Kingham Ping Zhu Yin Shi jian Zheng Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California at San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom National Laboratory on High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA(CICIFSA) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Strong multi-kilotesla magnetic fields have various applications in high-energy density science and laboratory astrophysics,but they are not readily *** our previous work[*** et al.,***.130,155101(2023)],we developed a novel approach for generating such fields using multiple conventional laser beams with a twist in the pointing *** method is particularly well-suited for multi-kilojoule petawatt-class laser systems like SG-II UP,which are designed with multiple linearly polarized *** three-dimensional kinetic particle-in-cell simulations,we examine critical factors for a proof-of-principle experiment,such as laser polarization,relative pulse delay,phase offset,pointing stability,and target configuration,and their impact on magnetic field *** general conclusion is that the approach is very robust and can be realized under a wide range of laser parameters and plasma *** also provide an in-depth analysis of the axial magnetic field configuration,azimuthal electron current,and electron and ion orbital angular momentum *** by a simple model,our analysis shows that the axial magnetic field decays owing to the expansion of hot electrons.

关键词： polarization magnetic axial

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From Disaster to No Disaster

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Beijing Review 2025年第1期68卷 20-21页

作者： robert Walker the Shorenstein Center on Media Harvard Kennedy School the jingshi Academy Beijing Normal University

The world is discharging greenhouse gas emissions at the fastest rate in *** is increasing global temperatures and creating the need for planning to prevent unavoidable and unprecedented climate events from becoming *** vital importance of raising public awareness and engaging the community in preventative action was a key learning point that emerged when a group of young scientists from around the world met in Beijing in October.

关键词： becoming creating emerged

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Continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron and iron sulfide as a feasible strategy to remediate the persistent contaminant nitroguanidine

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第1期43卷 26-34页

作者： Youngjae Yu Erika E.Rios-Valenciana robert A.Root Reyes Sierra-Alvarez jon Chorover jim A.Field Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering The University of ArizonaP.O.Box 210011TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Environmental Science The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

The insensitive munitions compound nitroguanidine(NQ)is used by the *** to avoid unintended ***,NQ also represents an emerging contaminant whose environmental emissions can cause toxicity toward aquatic organisms,indicating the need for effective remediation ***,we investigated the feasibility of treating water contaminated with NQ in continuous-flow columns packed with zero-valent iron(ZVI)or iron sulfide(FeS).Initially,the impact of pH on NQ transformation by ZVI or FeS was evaluated in batch *** pseudo first-order rate constant for NQ transformation(k_(1,NQ))by ZVI was 8-10 times higher at pH 3.0 compared to pH 5.5 and 7.0,whereas similar k_(1,NQ)values were obtained for FeS at pH *** on these findings,the influent p H fed to the ZVIand Fe S-packed columns was adjusted to 3.0 and 5.5,*** reactors transformed NQ into nitrosoguanidine(Nso Q).Further transformation of Nso Q by ZVI produced aminoguanidine,guanidine,and cyanamide,whereas Nso Q transformation by Fe S produced guanidine,ammonium,and traces of *** outperformed Fe S as a reactive material to remove *** ZVI-packed column effectively removed NQ below detection even after 45 d of operation(490 pore volumes,PV).In contrast,NQ breakthrough(removal efficiency490 PV)suggest that the technology is a promising approach for NQ treatment in packed-bed reactors and in situ remediation.

关键词： Continuous water treatment Iron-based minerals Chemical reduction pH Aminoguanidine Guanidine

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The Orosirian(1800–2050 Ma)plate tectonic episode:Key for reconstructing the Proterozoic tectonic record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 1-9页

作者： robert j.Stern Geosciences Dept. U Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75083-0688United States

Eight lines of evidence indicate that the Orosirian Period in mid-Paleoproterozoic time was characterized by plate tectonics:ophiolites,low T/P metamorphism including eclogites,passive margin formation,tall mountains,paleomagnetic constraints,ore deposits,abundant S-type granites,and seismic images of paleo-subduction *** plate tectonic episode occurred about 1 billion years earlier than the present plate tectonic episode began in Neoproterozoic *** two plate tectonic episodes bracket the‘Boring Billion’,which may have been a protracted single lid tectonic episode that began when the supercontinent Nuna or Columbia *** of multiple lines of evidence for Orosirian plate tectonics demonstrates that Earth’s tectonic style can be reconstructed with some confidence back to at least Early Paleoproterozoic time,and thus the absence of compelling evidence for Mesoproterozoic plate tectonics is not obvious due to poor preservation.A tectono-magmatic lull2.3 Ga suggests an earlier episode of single lid *** for two episodes of plate tectonics and two episodes of single lid tectonics indicates that Earth switched between single lid and plate tectonics multiple times during the last 2.4 Ga.

关键词： Plate tectonics Single lid tectonics Urey ratio Paleoproterozoic

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Weight measurement using image-based pose analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1507-1512页

作者： robert j.Sclabassi Laboratory for Computational Neuroseience Departments of NeurosurgeryElectrical & Computer Engineeringand BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213USA

Image-based gait analysis as a means of biometric identification has attracted much research *** of the existing methods focus on human identification,posture analysis and movement *** have been few investigations on measuring the carried load based on the carrier’s gait characteristics by automatic image ***,this measurement is very useful in a number of applications,such as the study of the carried load on the postural development of children and *** this paper,we inves- tigate how to automatically estimate the carried weight from a sequence of *** present a method to extract human gait silhouette based on an observation that humans tend to minimize the energy during *** compute several angles of body leaning and deter- mine the relationship of the carried weight,the leaning angles and the centroid location according to a human kinetic *** weight determination method has been verified successfully by experiments.

关键词： Image-based pose analysis Energy minimization Pattern recognition Load carrying measurement

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Is plate tectonics needed to evolve technological species on exoplanets?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 573-580页

作者： robert j.Stern Geoscience Department University of Texas at Dallas

As we continue searching for exoplanets, we wonder if life and technological species capable of communicating with us exists on any of them. As geoscientists, we can also wonder how important is the presence or absence of plate tectonics for the evolution of technological species. This essay considers this question, focusing on tectonically active roclw （silicate） planets, like Earth, Venus, and Mars. The development of technological species on Earth provides key insights for understanding evolution on exoplanets, including the likely role that plate tectonics may play. An Earth-sized silicate planet is likely to experience several tectonic styles over its lifetime, as it cools and its lithosphere thickens, strengthens, and becomes denser. These include magma ocean, various styles of stagnant lid, and perhaps plate tectonics. Abundant liquid water favors both life and plate tectonics. Ocean is required for early evolution of diverse single-celled organisms, then colonies of cells which specialized further to form guts, ap- pendages, and sensory organisms up to the complexity of fish （central nervous system, appendages, eyes）. Large expanses of dry land also begin in the ocean, today produced above subduction zones in juvenile arcs and by their coalescence to form continents, although it is not clear that plate tectonics was required to create continental crust on Earth. Dry land of continents is required for further evolution of technological species, where modification of appendages for grasping and manipulating, and improve- ment of eyes and central nervous system could be perfected. These bioassets allowed intelligent crea- tures to examine the night sky and wonder, the beginning of abstract thinking, including religion and science. Technology arises from the exigencies of daily living such as tool-making, agriculture, clothing, and weapons, but the pace of innovation accelerates once it is allied with science. Finally, the importance of plate tectonics for devel

关键词： Plate tectonics Exoplanets Planetary science Intelligent life

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