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Trait plasticity, not values, best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： robert j.warren II jeffrey K.Lake Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Biology Adrian CollegeAdrianMI49221USA

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to het-erogeneous habitat *** the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant per-formance under varying abiotic *** the spectrum of plant types,shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity,compared to deciduous and sun-adapted *** plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival,which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies,slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental *** We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar under-story evergreen species,Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis,cor-responds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits(leaf area,specific leaf area,plant height,leaf number,leaf length and shoot mass)along natural and experimental abiotic *** examine temporal(the period 2007-9)and spatial(100 km)variations in these traits after(i)translocating 576 plants across a span from the southerm Appalachian Mountains in NC,USA,to the Piedmont,GA,USA,which includes north-and south-facing slope habitats and(ii)the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil *** findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats,with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat,both species appear capable of considerable mor-phological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait *** nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particu-larly different from those of ***,but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic *** results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.

关键词： Functional traits Asarum arifolium Hepatica nobilis niche specific leaf area understory

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Multiple mechanisms in woodland plant species invasion

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journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 201-209页

作者： robert j.warren II Matt Candeias Adam Labatore Michael Olejniczak Lin Yang Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Natural Resources University of IllinoisW-503 Turner Hall 1102 South Goodwin AveUrbanaIL 61801USA US Army Corps of Engineers 441 G Street NWWashingtonDC 20314-1000USA

Aims A plethora of theories explain species invasion,yet when tested in isolation,support or falsification becomes contingent on study species,system and *** objective was to examine com-munity-level species invasion as a function of multiple competing *** We used data from>3500 woodland plant species in 2750 plots in 49 national parks in eastern US deciduous forests to test multiple competing theories of species invasion:competition,empty niche,propagule pressure and latitude *** also tested interac-tions with residence time to account for non-native species naturali-zation and spread since *** Findings The non-native herbs generally thrived at latitudes similar to those from which they originated,but not necessarily where they were originally introduced to the eastern ***,we found that each hypothesis explained at least some aspect of woodland plant species invasion,but examining them simultaneously allowed assessment of their relative strengths and *** results suggested that residence time is a strong predictor of non-native woodland plant success,particularly as it interacts with other mechanisms of inva-sion,such as competition(abundance of native woodland plants),climate matching(similar invaded latitude as home range),prop-agule pressure(distance to putative seed sources)and empty niche(relatedness to native plants).We found that initial barriers,such as distance from propagule source or suboptimal habitat,were over-come,as was resistance from native ***,the biggest challenge for the non-native woodland plants appeared to be time,as they declined after~1 to 2 centuries.

关键词： competition empty niche invasion biology propagule pressure latitude matching residence time

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Adult bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in a longleaf pine savanna

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 206-217页

作者： Andrew R.Little L.Mike Conner Michael j.Chamberlain Nathan P.Nibbelink robert j.warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green StAthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Background:Pine savannas are primarily managed with frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)to promote diversity of flora and fauna,and to maintain open,park-like conditions needed by species such as the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker(Picoides borealis).However,a knowledge gap exists in our understanding of bobcat(Lynx rufus)habitat selection in longleaf pine savannas and research is warranted to direct our future management ***:We examined bobcat habitat selection in a pine savanna managed with frequent fires at two spatial scales(i.e.,study area boundary[hereafter,landscape scale])and annual area of use[95%kernel density;local scale],and assessed effects of prescribed fire on bobcat habitat ***,we monitored 45 bobcats(16 males and 29 females)during 2001–***:We found differential habitat selection by *** the landscape scale,female bobcats were closer to mixed pine-hardwoods,young pine,and secondary roads,but farther from mature pine and hardwoods stands relative to *** found no difference in selection of agriculture,shrub-scrub,and primary roads between *** the annual area of use scale,female bobcats were closer to secondary roads,but farther from agriculture and shrub-scrub relative to *** found no difference in selection of mature pine,mixed pine-hardwoods,hardwoods,young pine,and primary roads between *** primarily selected for stands burned≤1.1 years ***:Our results show that bobcats exploit a broad range of habitat types in pine landscapes managed with frequent fire and commonly use recently burned stands(≤1.1 year post-fire),suggesting prey in many areas of this system are at risk of bobcat ***,we suggest land managers consider scale of selection by bobcats when developing habitat management strategies.

关键词： Georgia Habitat selection Lynx rufus Pinus palustris Prescribed fire

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Eastern wild turkey nest site selection in two frequently burned pine savannas

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 38-47页

作者： Andrew R.Little Nathan P.Nibbelink Michael j.Chamberlain LMike Conner robert j.warren Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia180 E.Green St.AthensGA 30602USA joseph W.jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway NewtonGeorgia 39870USA

Introduction:Reproductive success is a critical factor affecting avian demographics and can be influenced by many factors including nesting chronology,predation risk,and fine-scale nest site ***:We modeled the relative influences of habitat-related covariates at six spatial scales(nest site:15-,40-,80-,120-,160-,and 200-m radii)on Eastern wild turkey(Meleagris gallopavo silvestris)nest site selection in two pine savannas managed by frequent prescribed fire(≤3 years)in southwestern Georgia during ***:Nest site(15-m scale)habitat metrics(mean visual obstruction[cm]and canopy closure[%])had the greatest influence on nest site selection relative to covariates measured at larger spatial *** odds ratios suggested that nests were 26.8% more likely to occur for every 10 cm increase in mean vegetation height with a range of 7.5 to 150.0 cm and 18.5% less likely to occur for every 10% increase in canopy closure with a range from 0.0 to 97.8%.Total ground cover,canopy closure,edge density,and percent land cover type(e.g.,mature pine,mixed pine/hardwood,shrub/scrub)had minimal influence on nest site ***:Management of pine savannas for turkey nest sites should focus on creating early-successional vegetation to conceal nests from potential ***,we suggest that future studies consider evaluating the influence of spatial scale on turkey nest site selection.

关键词： Georgia Land cover Meleagris gallopavo silvestris Multi-scale Nest site selection Pinus palustris Radio-telemetry

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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A simple model for reconstructing geomagnetic field intensity with (10)~Be production rate and its application in Loess studies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第6期51卷 855-861页

作者： j. warren BECK NSF-AMS Laboratory University of Arizona

A simple model for reconstructing the paleomagnetic field intensity with (10)~Be production rate was used for the first time in Loess (10)~Be studies of Luochuan profile. Using the LGM (Last Glacial Maxmium) method, the climatic effects and geomagnetic modulation effects on loess (10)~Be was separated and in turn the 80 ka geomagnetic excursion sequence reconstructed, of which the globally remarkable geomagnetic excursion events such as the Laschamp (42 ka), Mono Lake (32 ka) during the Last Glacial period were revealed and the paleo-geomagnetic intensity curve from Loess (10)~Be over the past 80 ka was quantitatively reconstructed. The reconstructed paleo-intensity fits well with the paleo-intensity curves (SINT200 and NAPIS75), which indicates the significance of global criterion of the (10)~Be paleo- intensity curve and the future direction of loess (10)~Be tracing studies. Results show the irregular vari-ability of the East Asian monsoon precipitation in Loess Plateau is the main cause that has resulted in the ambiguity of the geomagnetic modulation of the (10)~Be record in the loess, and the intrinsic source component of the loess (10)~Be and inherited fraction of magnetic susceptibility (SUS) are characterized by the 'quasi-homogeneous distribution' manner.

关键词： (10)~Be LGM geomagnetic excursion paleointensity quasi-homogeneous distribution

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^10Be产率-地磁场转换方程的建立及其在黄土研究中的应用

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中国科学（D辑） 2008年第4期38卷 463-470页

作者：鲜锋安芷生武振坤 j.warren Beck 余华贵康志海程鹏中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室西安710075 西安加速器质谱中心西安710052 NSF-AMS laboratory University of Arizona Arizona AZ 85721 USA 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

建立了10Be产率-古地磁场强度的便捷转换方程,并以洛川剖面最近80ka的10Be浓度记录结合磁化率等气候代用指标为研究对象,利用全新的LGM分离方法将影响黄土10Be浓度的气候因素和地磁场因素进行了分离,成功示踪了末次冰期阶段拉尚(Lascham... 详细信息

建立了10Be产率-古地磁场强度的便捷转换方程,并以洛川剖面最近80ka的10Be浓度记录结合磁化率等气候代用指标为研究对象,利用全新的LGM分离方法将影响黄土10Be浓度的气候因素和地磁场因素进行了分离,成功示踪了末次冰期阶段拉尚(Laschamp(42ka))、莫诺湖(Mono Lake(32ka))等古地磁漂移事件,进而定量重建了最近80ka地磁场强度变化历史.重建结果与全球典型地磁场强度曲线(SINT-200,NAPIS75等)具有几乎同步的变化特征,从而表明采用LGM方法和新的转换方程在利用黄土10Be记录示踪和重建古地磁场强度研究中的实用意义及应用前景.通过分析表明,季风区降水的不均匀性是导致黄土10Be浓度无法直接示踪古地磁场漂移事件的主要原因,而来自粉尘源区的尘降10Be浓度和尘降磁化率具有"准恒定分布"特征.

关键词：宇宙成因核素 ^10Be产率 LGM分离法古地磁场漂移事件地磁场强度重建

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athematics, genetics and evolution

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2013年第1期8卷 9-31页

作者： warren j. Ewens Department of Biology and Statistics The University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

The importance of mathematics and statistics in genetics is well known. Perhaps less well known is the importance of these subjects in evolution. The main problem that Darwin saw in his theory of evolution by natural selection was solved by some simple mathematics. It is also not a coincidence that the re-writing of the Darwinian theory in Mendelian terms was carried largely by mathematical methods. In this article I discuss these historical matters and then consider more recent work showing how mathematical and statistical methods have been central to current genetical and evolutionary research.

关键词： Additive Genetic Variance Allele Model Allelic Type Natural Selection Random Mating

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Blind spots in climate finance for innovation Peter warren

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： Peter warren School of Public Policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(RD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： Climate finance Climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs)means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously *** supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their *** enteritis(NE)is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity,and welfare,and was previously well controlled by ***,with the reduction in IFA use,NE is resurgent in some *** and various feed additives,including pre-,pro-,and postbiotics,phytobiotics,fatty acids,and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE *** some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen,Clostridium perfringens,most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut *** reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published ***,rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production *** review is based on the author's particular experience,reading,thoughts,and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these *** is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

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