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Covering Your Bases： Inheritance of DNA Methylation in Plant Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 472-480页

作者： Chad E. Niederhuth robert j. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Cytosine methylation is an important base modification that is inherited across mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plant genomes. Heritable methylation variants can contribute to within-species phenotypic variation. Few methylation variants were known until recently, making it possible to begin to address major unanswered questions： the extent of natural methylation variation within plant genomes, its effects on phenotypic variation, its degree of depend- ence on genotype, and how it fits into an evolutionary context. Techniques like whole-genome bisulfite sequencing （WGBS） make it possible to determine cytosine methylation states at single-base resolution across entire genomes and populations. Application of this method to natural and novel experimental populations is revealing answers to these long-standing questions about the role of DNA methylation in plant genomes.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics epiallele whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

Update on obesity surgery

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3196-3203页

作者： Dan Eisenberg Andrew j Duffy robert L Bell Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 40 Temple St. Suite 3A New HavenCT 06510United States

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. With more than 30 million Americans clinically obese, the younger population has also been affected. Surgical therapy should be offered to the severely obese patient who is refractory to nonsurgical therapy, as established by the 1991 NIH Consensus Conference on Gastrointestinal Surgery for Severe Obesity. Surgery is currently the most effective therapy for weight loss. It is far more effective than any other treatment modality, both in terms of the amount of weight loss and in terms of durability in maintaining weight loss.

关键词： Obesity Gastrointestinal surgery Roux-Y gastric bypass

How spiders practice aggressive and Batesian mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 620-629页

作者： Ximena j. NELSON robert R. jACKSON School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology Thomas Odhiambo Campus EO. Box 30 Mbita Point Kenya

To understand communication, the interests of the sender and the receiver/s of signals should be considered sepa-rately. When our goal is to understand the adaptive significance of specific responses to specific signals by the receiver, questions about signal information are useful. However, when our goal is to understand the adaptive significance to the sender of generating a signal, it may be better to envisage the receiver＇s response to signals as part of the sender＇s extended phenotype. By making signals, a sender interfaces with the receiver＇s model of the world and indirectly manipulates its behaviour. This is especially clear in cases of mimicry, where animals use deceptive signals that indirectly manipulate the behaviour of receivers. Many animals adopt Batesian mimicry to deceive their predators, or aggressive mimicry to deceive their prey. We review examples from the lite-rature on spiders to illustrate how these phenomena, traditionally thought of as distinct, can become entangled in a web of lies .

关键词： Mimicry Communication Spider Deception Signal Search image

Diagnosis and treatment of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

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World journal of Cardiology 2020年第1期12卷 7-25页

作者： robert j Henning College of Public Health University of South Florida

Nearly six million people in United States have heart *** percent of these people have normal left ventricular(LV)systolic heart function but abnormal diastolic function due to increased LV myocardial *** commonly,these patients are elderly women with hypertension,ischemic heart disease,atrial fibrillation,obesity,diabetes mellitus,renal disease,or obstructive lung *** annual mortality rate of these patients is 8%-12%per *** diagnosis is based on the history,physical examination,laboratory data,echocardiography,and,when necessary,by cardiac *** with obesity,hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and volume overload require weight reduction,an exercise program,aggressive control of blood pressure and heart rate,and *** devices inserted into patients for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring provide early warning of increased pulmonary pressure and *** significant coronary heart disease is present,coronary revascularization should be considered.

关键词： Diastolic heart failure Myocardial stiffness Incomplete left ventricular relaxation Echocardiographic heart failure criteria Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring Drug treatment

A spectral response approach for detecting dominant phytoplankton size class from satellite remote sensing

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第2期29卷 14-32页

作者： robert j W Brewin Samantha j Lavender Nick j Hardman-Mountford Takafumi Hirata School of Marine Science and Engineering University of Plymouth UK ARGANS Ltd Plymouth UK Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) Plymouth UK National Centre for Earth Observation PMLPlymouthUK Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810 Japan National Centre for Earth Observation PMLPlymouthUK Graduate School of Environmental Earth ScienceHokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810Japan Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University NIOVV5kita-kuSapporo 060-0810Japan

An important goal in ocean colour remote sensing is to accurately detect different phytoplankton groups with the potential uses including the validation of multi-phytoplankton carbon cycle models; synoptically monitoring the health of our oceans, and improving our understanding of the bio-geochemical interactions between phytoplankton and their environment. In this paper a new algorithm is developed for detecting three dominant phytoplankton size classes based on distinct differences in their optical signatures. The technique is validated against an independent coupled satellite reflectance and in situ pigment dataset and run on the 10-year NASA Sea viewing Wide Field of view Sensor （SeaWiFS） data series. Results indicate that on average 3.6% of the global oceanic surface layer is dominated by microplankton, 18.0% by nanoplankton and 78.4% by pieoplankton. Results, however, are seen to vary depending on season and ocean basin.

关键词： phytoplankton size remote sensing absorption ocean colour SeaWiFS

Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry j. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

糖尿病相关的足病的定义和标准(2023年更新版)

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 80-85页

作者： jaap j.van Netten Sicco A.Bus jan Apelqvist Pam Chen Vivienne Chuter robert Fitridge Frances Game robert j.Hinchliffe Peter A.Lazzarini joseph Mills Matilde Monteiro-Soares Edgar j.G.Peters Katherine M.Raspovic Eric Senneville Dane K.Wukich Nicolaas C.Schaper on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot 张会峰(译) 许樟荣(审校) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMCLocation University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program RehabilitationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of MalmöMalmöSweden joondalup Health Campus Ramsay HealthcareSydneyAustralia Faculty of Health University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia School of Health Sciences Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Vascular and Endovascular Service Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyUK Department of Vascular Surgery University of BristolBristolUK School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Michael E.DeBakey Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Portuguese Red Cross School of Health–Lisbon LisbonPortugal MEDCIDS–Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortoPortugal RISE@CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine Oporto UniversityPortoPortugal Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamSection of Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron Hospital Tourcoing Univ-lilleTourcoingFrance Div.Endocrinology MUMC+CARIM and CAPHRI InstituteMaastrichtThe Netherlands 不详河南省人民医院内分泌科河南郑州450003 战略支援部队特色医学中心北京100101

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本... 详细信息

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本文介绍2023年IWGDF对这些定义和标准的更新,并建议在临床实践和研究中一致使用,以利于世界各地不同学科人员针对糖尿病相关的足病的专业性交流。

关键词：定义糖尿病糖尿病相关的足病国际糖尿病足工作组

Controlling schistosomiasis with praziquantel:How much longer without a viable alternative?

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 654-663页

作者： robert Bergquist jürg Utzinger jennifer Keiser Ingerod BrastadSweden Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland

The current approach of morbidity control of schistosomiasis,a helminth disease of poverty with considerable public health and socioeconomic impact,is based on preventive chemotherapy with *** is a pressing need for new drugs against this disease whose control entirely depends on this single drug that has been widely used over the past 40 *** argue that a broader anthelminthic approach supplementing praziquantel with new antischistosomals targeting different parasite development stages would not only increase efficacy but also reduce the risk for drug *** drugs already approved for other diseases provides a shortcut to clinical trials,as it is expected that such drugs rapidly pass the regulatory *** antischistosomal properties of antimalarial drugs(e.g.,semisynthetic artemisinins,synthetic trioxolanes,trioxaquines and mefloquine)and of drugs being developed or registered for other purposes(e.g.,moxidectin and miltefosin),administered alone or in combination with praziquantel,have been tested in the laboratory and clinical *** avenue to follow is the continued search for new antischistosomal properties in ***,we summarise recent progress made in schistosomiasis chemotherapy,placing particular emphasis on repositioning of existing drugs against schistosomiasis.

关键词： Chemotherapy Drug repositioning Elimination Morbidity control Praziquantel Schistosomiasis

Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress？

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 633-639页

作者： robert j Aitken Mark A Baker Brett Nixon Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia.

This chapter explores the possibility that capacitation and apoptosis are linked processes joined by their common dependence on the continued generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. According to this model capacitation is initiated in spematozoa following their release into the female reproductive tract as a consequence of intracellular ROS generation, which stimulates intracellular cAMP generation, inhibits tyrosine phosphatase activity and enhances the formation of oxysterols prior to their removal from the sperm surface by albumin. The continued generation of ROS by capacitating populations of spermatozoa eventually overwhelms the limited capacity of these cells to protect themselves from oxidative stress. As a result the over-capacitation of spermatozoa leads to a state of senescence and the activation of a truncated intrinsic apoptotic cascade characterized by enhanced mitochondrial RO$ generation, lipid peroxidation, motility loss, caspase activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The latter may be particularly important in instructing phagocytic leukocytes that the removal of senescent, moribund spermatozoa should be a silent process unaccompanied by the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. These observations reveal the central role played by redox chemistry in defining the life and death of spermatozoa. A knowledge of these mechanisms may help us to engineer novel solutions to both support and preserve the functionality of these highly specialized cells.

关键词： apoptosis reactive oxygen species sperm capacitation