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The temporal fluctuations and development of faecal microbiota in commercial layer flocks

Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 197-209页

作者： Nitish joat Yadav S.Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Dragana Stanley Kapil Chousalkar robert j.Moore School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia5371Australia Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueensland4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria3083Australia

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health,which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying *** is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in healthy layers raised under different management systems,to understand the variations in typical healthy microbiota structure,so that deviations from this might be recognised and correlated with production and health issues when they *** present investigation aimed to study the temporal development and phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of four commercially raised layer flocks from hatch to end of the production ***-intrusive faecal sampling was undertaken as a proxy to represent the gut *** of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to characterise the *** diversity analysis indicated that each faecal microbiota was different across the four flocks and had subtly different temporal development *** these inter-flock differences,common patterns of microbiota development were *** and Proteobacteria were dominant at an early age in all *** microbiota developed gradually during the rearing phase;richness and diversity increased after 42 d of age and then underwent significant changes in composition after the shift to the production farms,with Bacteroidota becoming more dominant in older *** developing a more profound knowledge of normal microbiota development in layers,opportunities to harness the microbiota to aid in the management of layer gut health and productivity may be more clearly seen and realised.

关键词： Chicken microbiota Faecal microbiota Firmicutes Housing condition Proteobacteria

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Bayesian optimization with active learning of design constraints using an entropy-based approach

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1866-1879页

作者： Danial Khatamsaz Brent Vela Prashant Singh Duane D.johnson douglas Allaire Raymundo Arróyave j.Mike Walker’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Ames Laboratory U.S.Department of EnergyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The design of alloys for use in gas turbine engine blades is a complex task that involves balancing multiple objectives and *** alloys must be ductile at room temperature and retain their yield strength at high temperatures,as well as possess low density,high thermal conductivity,narrow solidification range,high solidus temperature,and a small linear thermal expansion *** Integrated Computational Materials Engineering(ICME)methods are not sufficient for exploring combinatorially-vast alloy design spaces,optimizing for multiple objectives,nor ensuring that multiple constraints are *** this work,we propose an approach for solving a constrained multi-objective materials design problem over a large composition space,specifically focusing on the Mo-Nb-Ti-V-W system as a representative Multi-Principal Element Alloy(MPEA)for potential use in next-generation gas turbine *** approach is able to learn and adapt to unknown constraints in the design space,making decisions about the best course of action at each stage of the *** a result,we identify 21 Pareto-optimal alloys that satisfy all *** proposed framework is significantly more efficient and faster than a brute force approach.

关键词： alloys solidification alloy

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The proteome of distal nerves: implication in delayed repair and poor functional recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1998-2006页

作者： Song Guo Raymond M.Moore M.Cristine Charlesworth Kenneth L.johnson robert j.Spinner Anthony j.Windebank Huan Wang Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Proteomics Core Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Chronic denervation is one of the key factors that affect nerve *** axotomy deteriorates the distal nerve stump,causes protein changes,and renders the microenvironment less permissive for *** of these factors/proteins have been individually *** better delineate the comprehensive protein expression profiles and identify proteins that contribute to or are associated with this detrimental effect,we carried out a proteomic analysis of the distal nerve using an established delayed rat sciatic nerve repair *** rats that received immediate repair after sciatic nerve transection served as control,whereas four rats in the experimental group(chronic denervation)had their sciatic nerve repaired after a 12-week *** the rats were sacrificed after 16 weeks to harvest the distal nerves for extracting ***-five micrograms of protein from each sample were fractionated in SDS-PAGE ***-MS/MS analysis was applied to the *** expression levels of nerves on the surgery side were compared to those on the contralateral *** protein with a P value of less than 0.05 and a fold change of 4 or higher was deemed differentially *** the differentially expressed proteins in both groups were further stratified according to the biological processes.A PubMed search was also conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins that have been reported to be either beneficial or detrimental to nerve *** Pathway Analysis(IPA)software was used for pathway *** results showed that 709 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the delayed repair group,with a bigger proportion of immune and inflammatory process-related proteins and a smaller proportion of proteins related to axon regeneration and lipid metabolism in comparison to the control group where 478 differentially expressed proteins were *** experimental group also had more beneficial proteins that were d

关键词： chronic axotomy chronic denervation delayed repair distal nerve functional recovery nerve regeneration peripheral nerve prolonged denervation proteome sciatic nerve sciatic nerve transection

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The Orosirian(1800–2050 Ma)plate tectonic episode:Key for reconstructing the Proterozoic tectonic record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 1-9页

作者： robert j.Stern Geosciences Dept. U Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75083-0688United States

Eight lines of evidence indicate that the Orosirian Period in mid-Paleoproterozoic time was characterized by plate tectonics:ophiolites,low T/P metamorphism including eclogites,passive margin formation,tall mountains,paleomagnetic constraints,ore deposits,abundant S-type granites,and seismic images of paleo-subduction *** plate tectonic episode occurred about 1 billion years earlier than the present plate tectonic episode began in Neoproterozoic *** two plate tectonic episodes bracket the‘Boring Billion’,which may have been a protracted single lid tectonic episode that began when the supercontinent Nuna or Columbia *** of multiple lines of evidence for Orosirian plate tectonics demonstrates that Earth’s tectonic style can be reconstructed with some confidence back to at least Early Paleoproterozoic time,and thus the absence of compelling evidence for Mesoproterozoic plate tectonics is not obvious due to poor preservation.A tectono-magmatic lull2.3 Ga suggests an earlier episode of single lid *** for two episodes of plate tectonics and two episodes of single lid tectonics indicates that Earth switched between single lid and plate tectonics multiple times during the last 2.4 Ga.

关键词： Plate tectonics Single lid tectonics Urey ratio Paleoproterozoic

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Hierarchically Structured Nanocomposites via a“Systems Materials Science”Approach

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第12期3卷 1248-1259页

作者： Rebecca L.Li Carl j.Thrasher Theodore Hueckel robert j.Macfarlane Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139United States

CONSPECTUS:Nanocomposite materials can achieve desirable characteristics otherwise unavailable to single component systems,making them attractive platforms to precisely modulate a material’s mechanical,electromagnetic,thermal,and optical *** these properties are often dependent on the organization of constituent materials just as much as their relative composition,intentionally programming composite properties requires hierarchical structural control across many length ***,the fundamental forces governing the atomic,molecular,nanoscale,microscale,and macroscale composition and structure of a material are all interlinked,and thus must be manipulated simultaneously to properly create ideal designer materials.

关键词： properties composite composites

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Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1559-1568页

作者： Astrid E.j.OGILVIE Leslie A.KING Noel KEENLYSIDE François COUNILLON Brynhildur DAVIÐSDÓTTIR Níels EINARSSON Sergey GULEV Ke FAN Torben KOENIGK james R.MCGOODWIN Marianne H.RASMUSSON Shuting YANG Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR) University of ColoradoBoulder CO 80303USA Stefansson Arctic Institute AkureyriÍS-600Iceland Royal Roads University BC V9B 5Y2Canada University of Bergen Bergen N-5007Norway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre Bergen N-5007Norway University of Iceland Reykjavík 102Iceland Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Moscow 117218Russia Moscow State University Moscow 11991Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100045China Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute SE-60176 NorrköpingSweden Danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenØ2100Denmark Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics RAS119017MoscowRussia

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://***/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

关键词： Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

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Potential influence of wildfire in modulating climate-induced forest redistribution in a central Rocky Mountain landscape

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 52-68页

作者： john L.Campbell douglas j.Shinneman Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA U.S.Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science CenterBoiseIDUSA.

Introduction:Climate change is expected to impose significant tension on the geographic distribution of tree ***,tree species range shifts may be delayed by their long life spans,capacity to withstand long periods of physiological stress,and dispersal *** could theoretically break this biological inertia by killing forest canopies and facilitating species redistribution under changing *** investigated the capacity of wildfire to modulate climate-induced tree redistribution across a montane landscape in the central Rocky Mountains under three climate scenarios(contemporary and two warmer future climates)and three wildfire scenarios(representing historical,suppressed,and future fire regimes).Methods:Distributions of four common tree species were projected over 90 years by pairing a climate niche model with a forest landscape simulation model that simulates species dispersal,establishment,and mortality under alternative disturbance regimes and climate ***:Three species(douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,subalpine fir)declined in abundance over time,due to climate-driven contraction in area suitable for establishment,while one species(ponderosa pine)was unable to exploit climate-driven expansion of area suitable for *** fire frequency accelerated declines in area occupied by douglas-fir,lodgepole pine,and subalpine fir,and it maintained local abundance but not range expansion of ponderosa ***:Wildfire may play a larger role in eliminating these conifer species along trailing edges of their distributions than facilitating establishment along leading edges,in part due to dispersal limitations and interspecific competition,and future populations may increasingly depend on persistence in locations unfavorable for their establishment.

关键词： Forest disturbance Wildfire Climate change Central Rocky Mountains Climate niche Species migration Species distribution

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π-Extension and chlorination of non-fullerene acceptors enable more readily processable and sustainable high-performance organic solar cells

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第4期79卷 321-329页

作者： Ning Su jianhua Chen Mengran Peng Guoping Li robert M.Pankow Ding Zheng junqiao Ding Antonio Facchetti Tobin j.Marks Department of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500YunnanChina Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Organic solar cells(OSCs)processed without halogenated solvents and complex treatments are essential for future ***,we report three novel small molecule acceptors(NFAs)consisting of a Y6-like core but withπ-extended naphthalene with progressively more chlorinated end-capping groups and a longer branched chain on the Nitrogen *** NFAs exhibit good solubilities in nonchlorinated organic solvents,broad optical absorptions,closeπ-πstacking distances(3.63–3.84A),and high electron mobilities(~10^(-3)cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1)).The o-xylene processed and as-cast binary devices using PM6 as the donor polymer exhibit a PCE increasing upon progressive chlorination of the naphthalene end-capping group from 8.93%for YN to 14.38%for YN-Cl to 15.00%for *** similarly processed ternary OSCs were fabricated by employing YN-Cl and YN-2Cl as the third component of PM6:CH1007 blends(PCE=15.75%).Compared to all binary devices,the ternary PM6:CH1007:YN-Cl(1:1:0.2)and PM6:CH1007:YN-2Cl(1:1:0.2)cells exhibit significantly improved PCEs of 16.49%and15.88%,respectively,which are among the highest values reported to date for non-halogenated solvent processed OSCs without using any additives and blend post-deposition treatments.

关键词： Non-fullerene acceptors Non-chlorinated organic solvents Organic solar cells

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Polarization-independent multimode interference coupler with anisotropy-engineered bricked metamaterial

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Photonics Research 2022年第4期10卷 I0001-I0009页

作者： Carlos Perez-Armenta Alejandro Ortega-Monux jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez robert Halir Pedro j.Reyes-Iglesias jens Schmid Pavel Cheben Inigo Molina-Fernandez j.Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez Telecommunication Research Institute(TELMA) Universidad de MalagaCEI Andalucia TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicacion29010 MalagaSpain Bionand Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology Parque Tecnologico de AndaluciaMalaga 29590Spain National Research Council Canada OttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Many applications, including optical multiplexing, switching, and detection, call for low-cost and broadband photonic devices with polarization-independent operation. While the silicon-on-insulator platform is well positioned to fulfill most of these requirements, its strong birefringence hinders the development of polarizationagnostic devices. Here we leverage the recently proposed bricked metamaterial topology to design, for the first time, to our knowledge, a polarization-independent 2 × 2 multimode interference coupler using standard 220 nm silicon thickness. Our device can be fabricated with a single etch step and is optimized for the O-band,covering a wavelength range of 160 nm with excess loss, polarization-dependent loss, and imbalance below 1 dB and phase errors of less than 5°, as demonstrated with full three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations.

关键词： polarization multimode multiplexing

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Weight measurement using image-based pose analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1507-1512页

作者： robert j.Sclabassi Laboratory for Computational Neuroseience Departments of NeurosurgeryElectrical & Computer Engineeringand BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213USA

Image-based gait analysis as a means of biometric identification has attracted much research *** of the existing methods focus on human identification,posture analysis and movement *** have been few investigations on measuring the carried load based on the carrier’s gait characteristics by automatic image ***,this measurement is very useful in a number of applications,such as the study of the carried load on the postural development of children and *** this paper,we inves- tigate how to automatically estimate the carried weight from a sequence of *** present a method to extract human gait silhouette based on an observation that humans tend to minimize the energy during *** compute several angles of body leaning and deter- mine the relationship of the carried weight,the leaning angles and the centroid location according to a human kinetic *** weight determination method has been verified successfully by experiments.

关键词： Image-based pose analysis Energy minimization Pattern recognition Load carrying measurement

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