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Online single-session interventions for Kenyan adolescents:study protocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial

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General Psychiatry 2021年第3期34卷 163-168页

作者： Akash R Wasil Tom Lee Osborn john R Weisz robert j derubeis Department of Psychology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Shamiri Institute NairobiKenya Department of Psychology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Background Mental health problems are the leading cause of disability among adolescents worldwide,yet access to treatment is *** digital interventions have been shown to improve youth mental health,but little is known about which digital interventions are most *** To evaluate the effectiveness of two digital single-session interventions(Shamiri-Digital and Digital-CBT(cognitive-behavioural therapy))among Kenyan *** We will perform a school-based comparative effectiveness randomised controlled *** 926 Kenyan adolescents will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions:Shamiri-Digital(focused on gratitude,growth mindsets and values),Digital-CBT(focused on behavioural activation,cognitive restructuring and problem solving)or a study-skills control condition(focused on note-taking and essay writing skills).The primary outcomes include depressive symptoms(measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-8),anxiety symptoms(Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7)and subjective well-being(Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale).The secondary outcomes include acceptability,appropriateness,primary control and secondary *** and appropriateness will be measured immediately post-intervention;other outcomes will be measured 2 weeks,4 weeks and 12 weeks *** We hypothesise that adolescents assigned to Shamiri-Digital and adolescents assigned to Digital-CBT will experience greater improvements(assessed via hierarchical linear models)than those assigned to the control *** will also compare Shamiri-Digital with Digital-CBT,although we do not have a preplanned *** Our findings will help us evaluate two digital single-session interventions with different theoretical *** effective,such interventions could be disseminated to reduce the public health burden of common mental health problems.

关键词： assigned behaviour Edinburgh

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WONCA研究论文摘要汇编(五)——抗抑郁药效果与抑郁症严重程度(病人水平荟萃分析)

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中国全科医学 2010年第7期13卷 783-783页

作者： jay C. Fournier robert j. derubeis Steven D. Hollon 周淑新中国石油中心医院

背景抗抑郁药用于严重抑郁症得到充分肯定,但很少有证据表明抗抑郁药相对于安慰剂,对不太严重的抑郁症病人是否有特异药理效应。目的对确诊为抑郁症初始症状严重度不同病人,采用药物治疗与安慰剂对照方法,对与药物相关的获益做评估。研... 详细信息

背景抗抑郁药用于严重抑郁症得到充分肯定,但很少有证据表明抗抑郁药相对于安慰剂,对不太严重的抑郁症病人是否有特异药理效应。目的对确诊为抑郁症初始症状严重度不同病人,采用药物治疗与安慰剂对照方法,对与药物相关的获益做评估。研究选择挑选严重或轻度抑郁症病人作为被试者,用美国食品药品管理局认可的抗抑郁药,随机-安慰剂对照试验。涵括的研究:他们的作者提供了必要的原始数据,要包括成人门诊病人,包括用某种药物疗法并与安慰剂做了对照至少达6周,排除洗脱期用安慰剂的病人,使用了汉密尔顿抑郁量表。包括来自6项研究的数据(718例病人)。数据提取从研究作者获取病人个体数据。结果药物与安慰剂比较,差异有很大变化。汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分<23分的病人中,对用药和安慰剂之间的差异做Cohend效应量评估为<0.20(属低效应标准)。药物的优势超过安慰剂的强度随着基线抑郁严重度增加而增加,美国临床优化协会定义了所涵括阈值,将有临床显著差异定为基线汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分为25分。结论与安慰剂比较,抗抑郁药获益程度随着抑郁症状严重度增加而增大,而对轻度或中度抑郁症状病人获益很小或不存在或一般。对非常严重的抑郁症病人,用药的获益程度明显超过了安慰剂。

关键词：轻度抑郁症抗抑郁药论文摘要 WONCA 荟萃分析美国食品药品管理局安慰剂对照药效

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Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen robert j.Thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

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Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs)means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously *** supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their *** enteritis(NE)is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity,and welfare,and was previously well controlled by ***,with the reduction in IFA use,NE is resurgent in some *** and various feed additives,including pre-,pro-,and postbiotics,phytobiotics,fatty acids,and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE *** some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen,Clostridium perfringens,most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut *** reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published ***,rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production *** review is based on the author's particular experience,reading,thoughts,and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these *** is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

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The Orosirian(1800–2050 Ma)plate tectonic episode:Key for reconstructing the Proterozoic tectonic record

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第3期14卷 1-9页

作者： robert j.Stern Geosciences Dept. U Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75083-0688United States

Eight lines of evidence indicate that the Orosirian Period in mid-Paleoproterozoic time was characterized by plate tectonics:ophiolites,low T/P metamorphism including eclogites,passive margin formation,tall mountains,paleomagnetic constraints,ore deposits,abundant S-type granites,and seismic images of paleo-subduction *** plate tectonic episode occurred about 1 billion years earlier than the present plate tectonic episode began in Neoproterozoic *** two plate tectonic episodes bracket the‘Boring Billion’,which may have been a protracted single lid tectonic episode that began when the supercontinent Nuna or Columbia *** of multiple lines of evidence for Orosirian plate tectonics demonstrates that Earth’s tectonic style can be reconstructed with some confidence back to at least Early Paleoproterozoic time,and thus the absence of compelling evidence for Mesoproterozoic plate tectonics is not obvious due to poor preservation.A tectono-magmatic lull2.3 Ga suggests an earlier episode of single lid *** for two episodes of plate tectonics and two episodes of single lid tectonics indicates that Earth switched between single lid and plate tectonics multiple times during the last 2.4 Ga.

关键词： Plate tectonics Single lid tectonics Urey ratio Paleoproterozoic

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Is plate tectonics needed to evolve technological species on exoplanets?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 573-580页

作者： robert j.Stern Geoscience Department University of Texas at Dallas

As we continue searching for exoplanets, we wonder if life and technological species capable of communicating with us exists on any of them. As geoscientists, we can also wonder how important is the presence or absence of plate tectonics for the evolution of technological species. This essay considers this question, focusing on tectonically active roclw （silicate） planets, like Earth, Venus, and Mars. The development of technological species on Earth provides key insights for understanding evolution on exoplanets, including the likely role that plate tectonics may play. An Earth-sized silicate planet is likely to experience several tectonic styles over its lifetime, as it cools and its lithosphere thickens, strengthens, and becomes denser. These include magma ocean, various styles of stagnant lid, and perhaps plate tectonics. Abundant liquid water favors both life and plate tectonics. Ocean is required for early evolution of diverse single-celled organisms, then colonies of cells which specialized further to form guts, ap- pendages, and sensory organisms up to the complexity of fish （central nervous system, appendages, eyes）. Large expanses of dry land also begin in the ocean, today produced above subduction zones in juvenile arcs and by their coalescence to form continents, although it is not clear that plate tectonics was required to create continental crust on Earth. Dry land of continents is required for further evolution of technological species, where modification of appendages for grasping and manipulating, and improve- ment of eyes and central nervous system could be perfected. These bioassets allowed intelligent crea- tures to examine the night sky and wonder, the beginning of abstract thinking, including religion and science. Technology arises from the exigencies of daily living such as tool-making, agriculture, clothing, and weapons, but the pace of innovation accelerates once it is allied with science. Finally, the importance of plate tectonics for devel

关键词： Plate tectonics Exoplanets Planetary science Intelligent life

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Weight measurement using image-based pose analysis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第12期18卷 1507-1512页

作者： robert j.Sclabassi Laboratory for Computational Neuroseience Departments of NeurosurgeryElectrical & Computer Engineeringand BioengineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213USA

Image-based gait analysis as a means of biometric identification has attracted much research *** of the existing methods focus on human identification,posture analysis and movement *** have been few investigations on measuring the carried load based on the carrier’s gait characteristics by automatic image ***,this measurement is very useful in a number of applications,such as the study of the carried load on the postural development of children and *** this paper,we inves- tigate how to automatically estimate the carried weight from a sequence of *** present a method to extract human gait silhouette based on an observation that humans tend to minimize the energy during *** compute several angles of body leaning and deter- mine the relationship of the carried weight,the leaning angles and the centroid location according to a human kinetic *** weight determination method has been verified successfully by experiments.

关键词： Image-based pose analysis Energy minimization Pattern recognition Load carrying measurement

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INFORMATION SHARING AND STRATEGIC SIGNALING IN SUPPLY CHAINS

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journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第2期18卷 129-158页

作者： robert j.KAUFFMAN Hamid MOHTADI W.P.Carey School of Business and School of Computing and InformaticsArizona State University TempeAZ85287 USA Department of Economics University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53201 and Credit Risk AssessmentUSBankMinneapolisMN55402USA

Information sharing in procurement occurs in rich and varied industry contexts in which managerial decisions are made and organizational strategy is formulated. We explore how information sharing ought to work in procurement contexts that involve investments in inter-organizational information systems （IOS） and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment （CPFR） practices. How and under what circumstances does a firm that plays the role of a supply chain buyer decide to share information on key variables, such as point-of-sale consumer demand data with its supplier, up the supply chain？ This is a key issue that crosses the boundary between supply chain management and information systems （IS） management. The answers that we provide are based on our use of a game-theoretic signaling model of buyer and supplier strategy in the presence of uncertainties about final consumer demand. We also explore the connection between operational costs that are associated with the firm＇s information sharing and information withholding strategies. Our results provide normative guidance to supply chain buyers about how to interpret different demand uncertainty scenarios to improve their decisions and generate high value. From the IS management perspective, we show the impacts on the firm of different information sharing approaches that are made possible by present day technologies.

关键词： Anticipated over-supply collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) demand forecasting economic analysis information sharing information systems (IS) signaling supply chain management

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Early Cretaceous subduction initiation beneath southern Tibet caused the northward flight of India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1123-1131页

作者： Haoyu Hu robert j.Stern Geosciences Department University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX75083-0688USA

Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates formed the ~2500 km long Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone and produced the Himalaya mountains and Tibetan *** we offer a new explanation for tectonic events leading to this collision:that the northward flight of India was caused by an Early Cretaceous episode of subduction initiation on the southern margin of *** data for ophiolites along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone show restricted ages between 120 Ma and 130 Ma,and their supra-subduction zone affinities are best explained by seafloor spreading in what became the forearc of a north-dipping subduction zone on the southern margin of *** subsequent evolution of this new subduction zone is revealed by integrating data for arcrelated igneous rocks of the Lhasa terrane and Xigaze forearc basin *** slab pull from this new subduction zone triggered the rifting of India from East Gondwana in Early Cretaceous time and pulled it northward to collide with Tibet in Early Paleogene time.

关键词： Cretaceous northward subduction

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Wild rice research: Advancing plant science and food security

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Molecular Plant 2022年第4期15卷 563-565页

作者： robert j.Henry Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Rice was domesticated in Asia(Oryza sativa)and Africa(Oryza glaberrima)from Oryza rufipogon and Oryza bathii,*** Oryza genus has a pantropical *** genetic diversity in Oryza provides an extensive gene pool to adapt rice to climate change and address future food *** primary gene pool of domesticated rice includes species that are readily accessible for rice breeding due to ease of crossing,while more distant species are also sources of useful genes that can be recovered with greater difficulty(Figure 1).Advances in genomics and gene editing provide a path for use of this wider *** of Oryza species also offer potential insights into rice biology that may be critical for ongoing rice food security.

关键词： sativa Oryza breeding

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