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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1137-1143页

作者： Paulo R G Barrocas William M Landing robert J M hudson Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health National School of Public Health Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Department of Oceanography Florida State University. Tallahassee Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg（II） bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg（II） in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg（II）-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.

关键词： mercury bioavailability biosensor chemical speciation bioluminescent

What elk, wolves and caterpillars have in common—The perfect forager theorem

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第2期3卷 133-144页

作者： Piotr Weclaw robert J. hudson Parks Division Alberta Tourism Parks and Recreation Edmonton Canada Renewable Resources Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Canada

It is widely accepted that the Marginal Value Theorem (MVT) describes optimal foraging strategies of animals and the mechanism proposed by the MVT has been supported by a number of field observations. However, findings of many researchers indicate that in natural conditions foragers do not always behave according to the MVT. To address this inconsistency, in a series of computer simulation experiments, we examined the behaviour of four types of foragers having specific foraging efficiencies and using the MVT strategies in 15 different landscapes in an ideal environment (no intra-and inter-specific interactions). We used data on elk (Cervus elaphus) to construct our virtual forager. Contrary to the widely accepted understanding of the MVT (residence time in a patch should be longer in environments where travel time between patches is longer) we found that in environments with the same average patch quality and varying average travel times between patches, patch residence times of some foragers are not affected by travel times. Based on our analysis we propose a mechanism responsible for this observation and formulate the perfect forager theorem (PFT). We also introduce the concepts of a foraging coefficient (F) and foragers’ hub (α), and propose a model to describe the relationship between the perfect forager and all other forager types.

关键词： Resource Optimization Optimal Use of Resources Optimal Foraging Perfect Forager Theorem Functional Response Curve Ecological Modeling Marginal Value Theorem Foraging Behaviour Computer Model SeekSMART

Next Generation Sequencing for Microbial Analysis to Select Prophylactic Antibiotic Selection before Urologic Stone Surgery: A Culture Change

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Open Journal of Urology 2021年第7期11卷 289-304页

作者： Rishi Das Tim Tseng Meghan I. Short Kelly Reveles Allison Wheeler robert hudson Bernard Fongang Michael A. Liss Department of Urology University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio USA Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases San Antonio Texas USA The University of Texas at Austin—College of Pharmacy (PHR) Austin USA

Background: This paper aims to determine if the combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) could identify bacteria in culture-negative urine that would alter prophylaxis management. Methods: We sent approximately 5 - 10 mL of a preoperative urine sample to MicrogenDx for PCR/NGS analysis performed after surgery (blind to the surgeon). The physician prescribed standard of care antibiotic prophylaxis. Cases modeling the hospital course of 3 random patients were reviewed by eight urologists after surgery to determine if NGS results would change their prophylaxis regimen. An infectious disease pharmacist reviewed the cases and provided the “ideal” regimen. Results: Urine cultures identified bacteria in 11% (2/18) of cases. Culture speciation results were consistent with NGS results. NGS detected a dominant bacteria in 56% (10/18) of negative cultures and targetable bacteria in all samples. There was a 15% (3/20) infection rate. In both cases, NGS results suggest inadequate prophylaxis. In response to the case scenarios, 100%, 88%, and 88% of the urologists reported they would change prophylaxis with NGS results. During a case scenario, physicians would tend to overprescribe antibiotics given PCR/NGS data for prophylaxis selection. Conclusion: NGS identifies a targetable bacterium in up to 80% of negative urine cultures before urologic stone surgery. Responses to case scenarios indicate that physicians would change management based on NGS results. Inter-professional (urologic and pharmacy) antibiotic selection with PCR/16S DNA testing may be helpful to improve antibiotic stewardship.

关键词： Health-Care Associated Infection Urinary Tract Infection Infection Prevention Surgical Site Infection

Diffusion Limitation for Atrazine Biodegradation in Soil

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第5期3卷 412-420页

作者： Teresa A. Johnson Timothy R. Ellsworth robert J. M. hudson Gerald K. Sims Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA

Effects of sub-millimeter scale heterogeneity in chemical and microbial distributions on atrazine degradation were examined using Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP introduced into soil at a population mimicking atrazine-adapted soils (~2000 cells/g), and employing a range of soil water pressures (?100, ?300, ?500 kPa). Heterogeneous cell distribution was employed in all treatments whereas uniformity of distribution was a variable for atrazine introduction. Two methods of initially distributing atrazine in soil were examined. Proximally-applied atrazine (PAA) was intended to yield elevated atrazine concentrations in the vicinity of the degraders. Dispersed atrazine (DA) was introduced to distribute the chemical uniformly as compared to the distribution of degraders. Both rate and extent of degradation were greater than PAA, regardless of water content, presumably due to proximity of atrazine to degraders. Biodegradation decreased with decreasing water content for both application methods, attributed to decreases in atrazine’s effective diffusion. Mineralization of nearly 100% of DA in soils receiving a heterogeneous inoculum with a greater cell density (~107 cells/g) indicates that biodegradation was limited by the distance atrazine had to diffuse. Results support the hypothesis that enhanced populations of atrazine degraders, as reported elsewhere for atrazine-adapted soils, though heterogeneously distributed, may overcome bioavailability limitations.

关键词： Biodegradation Environmental Agriculture Degradation Soil Atrazine Pseudomonas sp.

The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang Amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo Conan Juan Alec C.Bancroft Ji Hae Choi Chase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Michael Woodard Juhoon Lee Sowmya Ramesh Aaron W.James David hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu robert J.Tower Benjamin Levi Center for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedical Research Center Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes,its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix(ECM)organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)activation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms bywhich the HIF-1αpathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells(MPCs)contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant cell ***-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site,we found that collagen ECM organizationis the most highly up-regulated biological process in *** mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))significantly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mice identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our scRNA-seq data and mechanisticstudies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α*** a translational aspect,a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO.A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCssignificantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic *** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPC *** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

Does MgSO_(4) protect the preterm brain?Dissecting its role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： robert Galinsky Laura Bennet Alistair J.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy is associated with high mortality,serious morbidity,and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare systems that last a *** cost of disability associated with preterm brain injury continues to *** of this injury,and disability,would significantly reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hypoxic

Using adjacency matrix to explore remarkable associations in big and small mineral data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 61-74页

作者： Xiang Que Jingyi Huang Jolyon Ralph Jiyin Zhang Anirudh Prabhu Shaunna Morrison robert Hazen Xiaogang Ma Department of Computer Science University of IdahoMoscowID 83844USA College of Computer and Information Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Earth and Planets Laboratory Carnegie Institution for ScienceWashingtonDC 20015USA hudson Institute of Mineralogy KeswickVA 22947USA

Data exploration,usually the first step in data analysis,is a useful method to tackle challenges caused by big geoscience *** conducts quick analysis of data,investigates the patterns,and generates/refines research questions to guide advanced statistics and machine learning *** background of this work is the open mineral data provided by several sources,and the focus is different types of associations in mineral properties and *** in mineralogy have been applying different techniques for exploring such *** the explored associations can lead to new scientific insights that contribute to crystallography,mineralogy,and geochemistry,the exploration process is often daunting due to the wide range and complexity of factors *** this study,our purpose is implementing a visualization tool based on the adjacency matrix for a variety of datasets and testing its utility for quick exploration of association patterns in mineral ***,software packages,and use cases have been developed to process a variety of mineral *** results demonstrate the efficiency of adjacency matrix in real-world *** the developed works of this study are open source and open access.

关键词： Adjacency matrix Association analysis Data exploration Mineral informatics Open data

Glia and hemichannels: key mediators of perinatal encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 181-189页

作者： robert Galinsky Joanne O.Davidson Justin M.Dean Colin R.Green Laura Bennet Alistair J.Gunn Department of Physiology University of Auckland The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical Research Department of Ophthalmology University of Auckland

Perinatal encephalopathy remains a major cause of disability, such as cerebral palsy. Therapeutic hypo- thermia is now well established to partially reduce risk of disability in late preterm/term infants. However, new and complementary therapeutic targets are needed to further improve outcomes. There is increasing evidence that glia play a key role in neural damage after hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of astrocytic gap junction （connexin） hemichannels in the spread of neural injury after hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation. Potential mechanisms of hemichannel medi- ated injury likely involve impaired intraceUular calcium handling, loss of blood-brain barrier integrity and release of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） resulting in over-activation of purinergic receptors. We propose the hypothesis that inflammation-induced opening of connexin hemichannels is a key regulating event that initiates a vicious cycle of excessive ATP release, which in turn propagates activation of purinergic receptors on microglia and astrocytes. This suggests that developing new neuroprotective strategies for preterm infants will benefit from a detailed understanding of glial and connexin hemichannel responses.

关键词： hypoxia-ischemia connexin hemichannels spreading injury connexin 43 astrocytes hypoxicischemic encephalopathy

Interleukin-1:an important target for perinatal neuroprotection?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 47-50页

作者： Sharmony B.Kelly Elys Green Rod W.Hunt Claudia A.Nold-Petry Alistair J.Gunn Marcel F.Nold robert Galinsky The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Pediatrics Monash UniversityVictoriaAustralia Monash Newborn Monash Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Perinatal inflammation is a significant risk factor for lifelong neurodevelopmental impairments such as cerebral *** clinical and preclinical evidence links the severity and pattern of perinatal inflammation to impaired maturation of white and grey matters and reduced brain *** pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of perinatal ***,studies of human and experimental perinatal encephalopathy have demonstrated a strong causative link between perinatal encephalopathy and excessive production of the pro-inflammatory effector cytokine *** this review,we summarize clinical and preclinical evidence that underpins interleukin-1 as a critical factor in initiating and perpatuating systemic and central nervous system inflammation and subsequent perinatal brain *** also highlight the important role of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mitigating interleukin-1-driven neuroinflammation and tissue damage,and summarize outcomes from clinical and mechanistic animal studies that establish the commercially available interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,anakinra,as a safe and effective therapeutic *** reflect on the evidence supporting clinical translation of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for infants at the greatest risk of perinatal inflammation and impaired neurodevelopment,and suggest a path to advance interleukin-1 receptor antagonist along the translational path for perinatal neuroprotection.

关键词： brain inflammation interleukin-1 receptor antagonist interleukin-1 interleukin-1β neonatal encephalopathy neuroprotection preterm brain injury

Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie GIERSZEWSKI Gil G. ROSENTHAL Simon M. READER Guillaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo robert GERLAI Cynthia TEDORE Spencer J. INGLEY John R. STOWERS Joachim G.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision Group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.